Illinois's 4th congressional district

Illinois's 4th congressional district
	Illinois's 4th congressional district since January 3, 2013
	Chuy García; D–Chicago
Area	52 sq mi (130 km2)
Distribution	100.0% urban; 0.0% rural;
Population (2018 est.)	702,062
Median income	$55,305[1]
Ethnicity	67.7% Hispanic[2]; 59.9% white; 29.1% other; 4.1% black; 3.5% Asian; 2.8% Two or more races; 0.5% Native American; 0.0% Pacific Islands Americans;
Cook PVI	D+33[3][4]

The 4th congressional district of Illinois includes part of Cook County, and has been represented by Democrat Jesús "Chuy" García since January 2019.

In November 2017, incumbent Luis Gutiérrez announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his current term, and not seek re-election in 2018.[5][6] Jesús "Chuy" García was elected on November 6, 2018.

It was featured by The Economist as one of the most strangely drawn and gerrymandered congressional districts in the country[7] and has been nicknamed "earmuffs" due to its shape.[8] It was created after federal courts ordered the creation of a majority-Hispanic district in the Chicago area. The Illinois General Assembly responded by packing two majority Hispanic parts of Chicago into a single district.

This district covers two strips running east–west across the city of Chicago, on the west side continuing into smaller portions of some suburban areas in Cook County, surrounding Illinois's 7th congressional district. The northern portion is largely Puerto Rican, while the southern portion is heavily Mexican-American. The two sections are only connected by a piece of Interstate 294 to the west; the highway is in the district while the surrounding areas are not. It is the smallest congressional district in area outside New York City and California.[9]

Voting

Election results from presidential races
Year	Office	Results
2000	President	Gore 76 – 19%
2004	President	Kerry 79 – 21%
2008	President	Obama 81 – 18%
2012	President	Obama 81 – 17%
2016	President	Clinton 82 – 13%

Geography

The 4th District includes the Chicago community of Brighton Park, in addition to almost all of Hermosa, Lower West Side and Gage Park; parts of Albany Park, Irving Park, Avondale, Logan Square, West Town, Humboldt Park, Belmont Cragin, Austin, McKinley Park, South Lawndale, New City, West Elsdon and Archer Heights; portions of riverfront Bridgeport; the portion of North Center southwest of Clybourn Avenue; and the northwestern tip of Lincoln Park.

Since the 2011 redistricting, the district also includes portions of Berwyn, Brookfield, Cicero, Lyons, Melrose Park, Riverside, and Elmwood Park.[10]

History

2003 - 2013

The Illinois 4th Congressional District was originally formed in 1842. It included 17 counties, which were Cook, Lake, McHenry, Boone, De Kalb, Kane, Du Page, Will, Kendall, Grundy, La Salle, Bureau, Livingston, Iroquois, McLean, Vermilion and Champaign Counties. Beyond this Ford and Kankakee Counties were part of Vermillion and Iroquois Counties respectively at this point and thus in the district's boundaries.[11]

In the redistricting following the 1990 United States Census, Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley and Governor Jim Edgar both wanted a Latino district, as Latinos were the fastest growing demographic group in the state at the time. In June 1991, Congressman Dennis Hastert, a suburban Republican, filed a federal lawsuit claiming that the existing congressional map was unconstitutional;[12] the present congressional district boundaries emerged as a result of that lawsuit. A three-judge panel of the federal district court adopted the map proposed by Hastert and other Republican members of the Illinois Congressional delegation.[13] Subsequent lawsuits challenging the redistricting as racially biased[14] did not succeed in redrawing the district boundaries. The district, as it was in 2009, was in some places less than 50 metres wide and parts covered no more than one city block.[15]

List of members representing the district

District created March 4, 1843.

Representative	Party	Years	Cong ress	Notes
John Wentworth	Democratic	March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1851	28th 29th 30th 31st	[data unknown/missing]
Richard S. Molony	Democratic	March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853	32nd	[data unknown/missing]
James Knox	Whig	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855	33rd	[data unknown/missing]
James Knox	Opposition	March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857	34th	[data unknown/missing]
William Kellogg	Republican	March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1863	35th 36th 37th	[data unknown/missing]
Charles M. Harris	Democratic	March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1865	38th	[data unknown/missing]
Abner C. Harding	Republican	March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1869	39th 40th	[data unknown/missing]
John B. Hawley	Republican	March 4, 1869 – March 3, 1873	41st 42nd	Redistricted to the 6th district.
Stephen A. Hurlbut	Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1877	43rd 44th	[data unknown/missing]
William Lathrop	Republican	March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879	45th	[data unknown/missing]
John C. Sherwin	Republican	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1883	46th 47th	[data unknown/missing]
George E. Adams	Republican	March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1891	48th 49th 50th 51st	[data unknown/missing]
Walter C. Newberry	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893	52nd	[data unknown/missing]
Julius Goldzier	Democratic	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895	53rd	[data unknown/missing]
Charles W. Woodman	Republican	March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897	54th	[data unknown/missing]
Daniel W. Mills	Republican	March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899	55th	[data unknown/missing]
Thomas Cusack	Democratic	March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1901	56th	[data unknown/missing]
James McAndrews	Democratic	March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903	57th	Redistricted to the 5th district.
George P. Foster	Democratic	March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905	58th	Redistricted from the 3rd district.
Charles S. Wharton	Republican	March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1907	59th	[data unknown/missing]
James T. McDermott	Democratic	March 4, 1907 – July 21, 1914	60th 61st 62nd 63rd	Resigned.
Vacant		July 21, 1914 – March 3, 1915
James T. McDermott	Democratic	March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1917	64th	Re-elected to fill his own seat
Charles Martin	Democratic	March 4, 1917 – October 28, 1917	65th	Died.
Vacant		October 28, 1917 – April 2, 1918
John W. Rainey	Democratic	April 2, 1918 – May 4, 1923	65th 66th 67th 68th	Elected to finish Martin's term. Died.
Vacant		May 4, 1923 – November 6, 1923
Thomas A. Doyle	Democratic	November 6, 1923 – March 3, 1931	68th 69th 70th 71st	Elected to finish Rainey's term. [data unknown/missing]
Harry P. Beam	Democratic	March 4, 1931 – December 6, 1942	72nd 73rd 74th 75th 76th 77th	Resigned after being elected judge of the Municipal Court of Chicago
Vacant		December 6, 1942 – January 3, 1943
Martin Gorski	Democratic	January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1949	78th 79th 80th	Redistricted to the 5th district.
James V. Buckley	Democratic	January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1951	81st	[data unknown/missing]
William E. McVey	Republican	January 3, 1951 – August 10, 1958	82nd 83rd 84th 85th	Died.
Vacant		August 10, 1958 – January 3, 1959
Ed Derwinski	Republican	January 3, 1959 – January 3, 1983	86th 87th 88th 89th 90th 91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th	[data unknown/missing]
George M. O'Brien	Republican	January 3, 1983 – July 17, 1986	98th 99th	Redistricted from the 17th district. Died.
Vacant		July 17, 1986 – January 3, 1987
Jack Davis	Republican	January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1989	100th	[data unknown/missing]
George E. Sangmeister	Democratic	January 3, 1989 – January 3, 1993	101st 102nd	Redistricted to the 11th district.
Luis Gutiérrez	Democratic	January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2019	103rd 104th 105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th 112th 113th 114th 115th	Retired.
Jesús "Chuy" García	Democratic	January 3, 2019 – Present	116th	Elected in 2018.

References

https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=17&cd=04
https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=17&cd=04
"Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Barone, Michael; McCutcheon, Chuck (2013). The Almanac of American Politics 2014. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-10544-4. Copyright National Journal.
Pearson, Rick; Byrne, John (November 28, 2017). "U.S. Rep. Luis Gutierrez won't run again, wants to rebuild Puerto Rico". ChicagoTribune. Chicago. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
Korecki, Natasha (November 27, 2017). "Gutierrez won't seek reelection". Politico. Arlington, VA. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
The Economist (April 25, 2002). "How to rig an election".
Aaron Blake (July 27, 2011). "Name that district! (Gerrymandering edition)". Washington Post. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
"Congressional Districts by Land Area (National)". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (ASCII text) on August 1, 2007. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
Illinois Congressional District 4, Illinois Board of Elections
Parson, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Michael J. Durbin. United States Congressional Districts and Data, 1843–1883 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1986) p. 9
Hastert v. State Bd. of Elections, 777 F.Supp. 634, 638 (N.D.Ill.1991).
O'Grady, Patrick. "Illinois Redistricting History Since 1970" (PDF). Illinois General Assembly. p. 9. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
James R. KING, v. State Bd. of Elections et al.. See ;
John N. Friedman; Richard T. Holden. "The Rising Incumbent Reelection Rate: What'sGerrymandering Got to Do With It?" (PDF). Research Gate. The Journal of Politics. p. 5. Retrieved 18 January 2020.

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

External links

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[1] ttps://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=17&cd=04

[2] ttps://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=17&cd=04

[Cook-3] "Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.

[Barone2014-4] Barone, Michael; McCutcheon, Chuck (2013). The Almanac of American Politics 2014. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-10544-4. Copyright National Journal.

[5] Pearson, Rick; Byrne, John (November 28, 2017). "U.S. Rep. Luis Gutierrez won't run again, wants to rebuild Puerto Rico". ChicagoTribune. Chicago. Retrieved November 28, 2017.

[6] Korecki, Natasha (November 27, 2017). "Gutierrez won't seek reelection". Politico. Arlington, VA. Retrieved November 27, 2017.

[7] The Economist (April 25, 2002). "How to rig an election".

[Washington_Post-8] Aaron Blake (July 27, 2011). "Name that district! (Gerrymandering edition)". Washington Post. Retrieved July 28, 2011.

[9] "Congressional Districts by Land Area (National)". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (ASCII text) on August 1, 2007. Retrieved 2006-11-11.

[10] Illinois Congressional District 4, Illinois Board of Elections

[11] Parson, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Michael J. Durbin. United States Congressional Districts and Data, 1843–1883 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1986) p. 9

[12] Hastert v. State Bd. of Elections, 777 F.Supp. 634, 638 (N.D.Ill.1991).

[13] O'Grady, Patrick. "Illinois Redistricting History Since 1970" (PDF). Illinois General Assembly. p. 9. Retrieved 10 January 2019.

[14] James R. KING, v. State Bd. of Elections et al.. See ;

[15] John N. Friedman; Richard T. Holden. "The Rising Incumbent Reelection Rate: What'sGerrymandering Got to Do With It?" (PDF). Research Gate. The Journal of Politics. p. 5. Retrieved 18 January 2020.