94th United States Congress

The 94th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1975, to January 3, 1977, during the administration of U.S. President Gerald Ford.

94th United States Congress
93rd ←
→ 95th
January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1977
Senate PresidentNelson Rockefeller (R)
Senate President pro temJames Eastland (D)
House SpeakerCarl Albert (D)
Members100 senators
435 members of the House
5 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityDemocratic
House MajorityDemocratic
Sessions
1st: January 14, 1975 – December 19, 1975
2nd: January 19, 1976 – October 1, 1976

This is the first congress for the currently (as of the 116th) longest serving senator, Patrick Leahy of Vermont.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

Major events
President Gerald Ford with Vice President Nelson Rockefeller and House Speaker Carl Albert during the 1975 State of the Union Address, January 15, 1975
Main articles: 1975 in the United States, 1976 in the United States, and 1977 in the United States

Major legislation

Party summary

Senate
Final Senate Membership
     61 Democrats      42 Republicans
     1 Independent      1 Conservative

Membership changed with two resignations and a disputed election.

Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
Democratic Independent Conservative Republican Vacant
End of previous Congress 56 1 1 40 98 2
Begin 60 1 1 37 99 1
End 38 100 0
Final voting share 62% 38%
Beginning of the next Congress 61 1 0 38 100 0

House of Representatives
Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
Democratic Republican Vacant
End of previous Congress 232 174 406 29
Begin 291 144 435 0
End 287 146 433 2
Final voting share 66% 34%
Beginning of the next Congress 292 143 435 0

Leadership
Makeup of the U.S. Senate at the start of the 94th Congress, color-coded by party. Note: The orange stripes in New York and the gray stripes in Virginia denote Conservative Sen. James L. Buckley and Independent Sen. Harry F. Byrd Jr., respectively.

Senate

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Caucuses

Members

Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1976; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1978; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1980.

House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% to 100% Republican
  80+% to 100% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic

House of Representatives

Many of the congressional districts are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Changes in Membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate
See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
  • Replacements: 8
  • Deaths: 1
  • Resignations: 6
  • Vacancy: 0

Total seats with changes: 8

State
(class)		 Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 1]
New Hampshire
(3)		 Vacant Disputed election.
Interim senator appointed August 8, 1975.		 Norris Cotton
(R)		 August 8, 1975
New Hampshire
(3)		 Norris Cotton
(R)		 Interim appointee lost election.
Successor elected September 16, 1975.		 John A. Durkin
(D)		 September 18, 1975
Michigan
(1)		 Philip Hart
(D)		 Died December 26, 1976.
Successor appointed December 27, 1976 to finish the term, having already been elected to the next term.		 Donald Riegle
(D)		 December 27, 1976
Missouri
(1)		 Stuart Symington
(D)		 Resigned December 27, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed December 27, 1976 to finish the term, having already been elected to the next term.		 John Danforth
(R)		 December 27, 1976
Nebraska
(1)		 Roman Hruska
(R)		 Resigned December 27, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed December 28, 1976 to finish the term, having already been elected to the next term.		 Edward Zorinsky
(D)		 December 28, 1976
Ohio
(1)		 Robert Taft Jr.
(R)		 Resigned December 28, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed December 28, 1976 to finish the term, having already been elected to the next term.		 Howard Metzenbaum
(D)		 December 29, 1976
Rhode Island
(1)		 John Pastore
(D)		 Resigned December 28, 1976 to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed December 29, 1976 to finish the term, having already been elected to the next term.		 John Chafee
(R)		 December 29, 1976
Minnesota
(2)		 Walter Mondale
(DFL)		 Resigned December 30, 1976, after being elected Vice-President of the United States.
Interim Senator appointed December 30, 1976.		 Wendell R. Anderson
(DFL)		 December 30, 1976
California
(1)		 John V. Tunney
(D)		 Resigned January 1, 1977 to give successor preferential seniority.
Successor appointed January 2, 1977 to finish the term, having already been elected to the next term.		 S. I. Hayakawa
(R)		 January 2, 1977

House of Representatives
  • replacements: 3
  • deaths: 2
  • resignations: 2
  • contested election:
  • Total seats with changes: 4


See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 1]
Oklahoma 5th John Jarman (D) Changed parties John Jarman (R) January 23, 1975
Illinois 5th John C. Kluczynski (D) Died January 26, 1975 John G. Fary (D) July 8, 1975
California 37th Jerry Pettis (R) Died February 14, 1975 Shirley Neil Pettis (R) April 29, 1975
Tennessee 5th Richard Fulton (D) Resigned August 14, 1975, after being elected Mayor of Nashville Clifford Allen (D) November 25, 1975
New York 39th James F. Hastings (R) Resigned January 20, 1976 Stan Lundine (D) March 2, 1976
Texas 22nd Robert R. Casey (D) Resigned January 22, 1976, after being appointed a commissioner on the Federal Maritime Commission Ron Paul (R) April 3, 1976
Texas 1st Wright Patman (D) Died March 7, 1976 Sam B. Hall Jr. (D) June 19, 1976
Pennsylvania 1st William A. Barrett (D) Died April 12, 1976 Michael Myers (D) November 2, 1976
Massachusetts 7th Torbert Macdonald (D) Died May 21, 1976 Ed Markey (D) November 2, 1976
Missouri 6th Jerry Litton (D) Died August 3, 1976 Tom Coleman (R) November 2, 1976
Ohio 18th Wayne Hays (D) Resigned September 1, 1976, due to the Elizabeth Ray sex scandal Vacant Not filled this term
Michigan 7th Donald Riegle (D) Resigned December 30, 1976, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (2 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Special or select
  • Church Committee (Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities): July 27, 1975 – May 19, 1976; Replaced by Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
  • Joint Committee on Arrangements for the Bicentennial: September 5, 1975 - October 1, 1976

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also
  • United States elections, 1974 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1974
    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1974
  • United States elections, 1976 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • Watergate Babies

Notes
  1. This is the date the member was seated or an oath administered, not necessarily the same date her/his service began.

References
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
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