Cook Partisan Voting Index
The Cook Partisan Voting Index (abbreviated CPVI or PVI) is a measurement of how strongly a United States congressional district or state leans toward the Democratic or Republican Party, compared to the nation as a whole. The index is updated after each election cycle. The Cook Political Report introduced the PVI in August 1997 to better gauge the competitiveness of each district using the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections as a baseline.[1] The index is based on analysis by the Center for Voting and Democracy (now FairVote) for its July 1997 Monopoly Politics report.[2]
Calculation and format
PVIs are calculated by comparing a congressional district's average Democratic or Republican Party share of the two-party presidential vote in the past two presidential elections to the national average share for those elections. For example, the national average for 2004 and 2008 was 51.2% Democratic to 48.8% Republican.[1] In Alaska's at-large congressional district, the Republican candidate won 63% and 61% of the two-party share in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections, respectively. Comparing the average of these two district results (62%) against the average national share (48.8%), this district voted 13.2 percentage points more Republican than the country as a whole, or R+13.
Prior to its April 2009 update, the PVI formula compared district-level results for the past two presidential elections to nationwide results for only the most recent election. Since then, local elections are compared to synchronic national elections.[3]
The Cook PVI is displayed as a letter, a plus sign, and a number. The letter (either a D for Democratic or an R for Republican) reflects the major party toward which the district (or state) leans. The number reflects the strength of that partisan preference in rounded percentage points. A district or state without a partisan tilt is designated as "EVEN".
By congressional district
This table is sourced from the Cook Political Report's 2016 analysis for districts of the 116th United States Congress, calculated according to the results of the 2012 and the 2016 U.S. presidential elections.[4][5] The party representations are based on the winners of the 2018 U.S. House elections. In the House, there are 235 districts that lean Republican and 192 districts that lean Democratic. The number of swing seats, defined as those between D+5 and R+5, is 73.
| District | PVI | Party of representative |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama 1 | R+15 | Republican |
| Alabama 2 | R+16 | Republican |
| Alabama 3 | R+16 | Republican |
| Alabama 4 | R+30 | Republican |
| Alabama 5 | R+18 | Republican |
| Alabama 6 | R+26 | Republican |
| Alabama 7 | D+20 | Democratic |
| Alaska at-large | R+9 | Republican |
| Arizona 1 | D+2 | Democratic |
| Arizona 2 | D+1 | Democratic |
| Arizona 3 | D+13 | Democratic |
| Arizona 4 | R+21 | Republican |
| Arizona 5 | R+15 | Republican |
| Arizona 6 | R+9 | Republican |
| Arizona 7 | D+23 | Democratic |
| Arizona 8 | R+13 | Republican |
| Arizona 9 | D+4 | Democratic |
| Arkansas 1 | R+17 | Republican |
| Arkansas 2 | R+7 | Republican |
| Arkansas 3 | R+19 | Republican |
| Arkansas 4 | R+17 | Republican |
| California 1 | R+11 | Republican |
| California 2 | D+22 | Democratic |
| California 3 | D+5 | Democratic |
| California 4 | R+10 | Republican |
| California 5 | D+21 | Democratic |
| California 6 | D+21 | Democratic |
| California 7 | D+3 | Democratic |
| California 8 | R+9 | Republican |
| California 9 | D+8 | Democratic |
| California 10 | EVEN | Democratic |
| California 11 | D+21 | Democratic |
| California 12 | D+37 | Democratic |
| California 13 | D+40 | Democratic |
| California 14 | D+27 | Democratic |
| California 15 | D+20 | Democratic |
| California 16 | D+9 | Democratic |
| California 17 | D+25 | Democratic |
| California 18 | D+23 | Democratic |
| California 19 | D+24 | Democratic |
| California 20 | D+23 | Democratic |
| California 21 | D+5 | Democratic |
| California 22 | R+8 | Republican |
| California 23 | R+14 | Republican |
| California 24 | D+7 | Democratic |
| California 25 | EVEN | Republican |
| California 26 | D+7 | Democratic |
| California 27 | D+16 | Democratic |
| California 28 | D+23 | Democratic |
| California 29 | D+29 | Democratic |
| California 30 | D+18 | Democratic |
| California 31 | D+8 | Democratic |
| California 32 | D+17 | Democratic |
| California 33 | D+16 | Democratic |
| California 34 | D+35 | Democratic |
| California 35 | D+19 | Democratic |
| California 36 | D+2 | Democratic |
| California 37 | D+37 | Democratic |
| California 38 | D+17 | Democratic |
| California 39 | EVEN | Democratic |
| California 40 | D+33 | Democratic |
| California 41 | D+12 | Democratic |
| California 42 | R+9 | Republican |
| California 43 | D+29 | Democratic |
| California 44 | D+35 | Democratic |
| California 45 | R+3 | Democratic |
| California 46 | D+15 | Democratic |
| California 47 | D+13 | Democratic |
| California 48 | R+4 | Democratic |
| California 49 | R+1 | Democratic |
| California 50 | R+11 | Republican |
| California 51 | D+22 | Democratic |
| California 52 | D+6 | Democratic |
| California 53 | D+14 | Democratic |
| Colorado 1 | D+21 | Democratic |
| Colorado 2 | D+9 | Democratic |
| Colorado 3 | R+6 | Republican |
| Colorado 4 | R+13 | Republican |
| Colorado 5 | R+14 | Republican |
| Colorado 6 | D+2 | Democratic |
| Colorado 7 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Connecticut 1 | D+12 | Democratic |
| Connecticut 2 | D+3 | Democratic |
| Connecticut 3 | D+9 | Democratic |
| Connecticut 4 | D+7 | Democratic |
| Connecticut 5 | D+2 | Democratic |
| Delaware at-large | D+6 | Democratic |
| Florida 1 | R+22 | Republican |
| Florida 2 | R+18 | Republican |
| Florida 3 | R+9 | Republican |
| Florida 4 | R+17 | Republican |
| Florida 5 | D+12 | Democratic |
| Florida 6 | R+7 | Republican |
| Florida 7 | EVEN | Democratic |
| Florida 8 | R+11 | Republican |
| Florida 9 | D+5 | Democratic |
| Florida 10 | D+11 | Democratic |
| Florida 11 | R+15 | Republican |
| Florida 12 | R+8 | Republican |
| Florida 13 | D+2 | Democratic |
| Florida 14 | D+7 | Democratic |
| Florida 15 | R+6 | Republican |
| Florida 16 | R+7 | Republican |
| Florida 17 | R+13 | Republican |
| Florida 18 | R+5 | Republican |
| Florida 19 | R+13 | Republican |
| Florida 20 | D+31 | Democratic |
| Florida 21 | D+9 | Democratic |
| Florida 22 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Florida 23 | D+11 | Democratic |
| Florida 24 | D+34 | Democratic |
| Florida 25 | R+4 | Republican |
| Florida 26 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Florida 27 | D+5 | Democratic |
| Georgia 1 | R+9 | Republican |
| Georgia 2 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Georgia 3 | R+18 | Republican |
| Georgia 4 | D+24 | Democratic |
| Georgia 5 | D+34 | Democratic |
| Georgia 6 | R+8 | Democratic |
| Georgia 7 | R+9 | Republican |
| Georgia 8 | R+15 | Republican |
| Georgia 9 | R+31 | Republican |
| Georgia 10 | R+15 | Republican |
| Georgia 11 | R+17 | Republican |
| Georgia 12 | R+9 | Republican |
| Georgia 13 | D+20 | Democratic |
| Georgia 14 | R+27 | Republican |
| Hawaii 1 | D+17 | Democratic |
| Hawaii 2 | D+19 | Democratic |
| Idaho 1 | R+21 | Republican |
| Idaho 2 | R+17 | Republican |
| Illinois 1 | D+27 | Democratic |
| Illinois 2 | D+29 | Democratic |
| Illinois 3 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Illinois 4 | D+33 | Democratic |
| Illinois 5 | D+20 | Democratic |
| Illinois 6 | R+2 | Democratic |
| Illinois 7 | D+38 | Democratic |
| Illinois 8 | D+8 | Democratic |
| Illinois 9 | D+18 | Democratic |
| Illinois 10 | D+10 | Democratic |
| Illinois 11 | D+9 | Democratic |
| Illinois 12 | R+5 | Republican |
| Illinois 13 | R+3 | Republican |
| Illinois 14 | R+5 | Democratic |
| Illinois 15 | R+21 | Republican |
| Illinois 16 | R+8 | Republican |
| Illinois 17 | D+3 | Democratic |
| Illinois 18 | R+15 | Republican |
| Indiana 1 | D+8 | Democratic |
| Indiana 2 | R+11 | Republican |
| Indiana 3 | R+18 | Republican |
| Indiana 4 | R+17 | Republican |
| Indiana 5 | R+9 | Republican |
| Indiana 6 | R+18 | Republican |
| Indiana 7 | D+11 | Democratic |
| Indiana 8 | R+15 | Republican |
| Indiana 9 | R+13 | Republican |
| Iowa 1 | D+1 | Democratic |
| Iowa 2 | D+1 | Democratic |
| Iowa 3 | R+1 | Democratic |
| Iowa 4 | R+11 | Republican |
| Kansas 1 | R+24 | Republican |
| Kansas 2 | R+10 | Republican |
| Kansas 3 | R+4 | Democratic |
| Kansas 4 | R+15 | Republican |
| Kentucky 1 | R+23 | Republican |
| Kentucky 2 | R+19 | Republican |
| Kentucky 3 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Kentucky 4 | R+18 | Republican |
| Kentucky 5 | R+31 | Republican |
| Kentucky 6 | R+9 | Republican |
| Louisiana 1 | R+24 | Republican |
| Louisiana 2 | D+25 | Democratic |
| Louisiana 3 | R+20 | Republican |
| Louisiana 4 | R+13 | Republican |
| Louisiana 5 | R+15 | Republican |
| Louisiana 6 | R+19 | Republican |
| Maine 1 | D+8 | Democratic |
| Maine 2 | D+2 | Democratic |
| Maryland 1 | R+14 | Republican |
| Maryland 2 | D+11 | Democratic |
| Maryland 3 | D+13 | Democratic |
| Maryland 4 | D+28 | Democratic |
| Maryland 5 | D+16 | Democratic |
| Maryland 6 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Maryland 7 | D+26 | Democratic |
| Maryland 8 | D+14 | Democratic |
| Massachusetts 1 | D+12 | Democratic |
| Massachusetts 2 | D+9 | Democratic |
| Massachusetts 3 | D+9 | Democratic |
| Massachusetts 4 | D+9 | Democratic |
| Massachusetts 5 | D+18 | Democratic |
| Massachusetts 6 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Massachusetts 7 | D+34 | Democratic |
| Massachusetts 8 | D+10 | Democratic |
| Massachusetts 9 | D+4 | Democratic |
| Michigan 1 | R+9 | Republican |
| Michigan 2 | R+9 | Republican |
| Michigan 3 | R+6 | Libertarian |
| Michigan 4 | R+10 | Republican |
| Michigan 5 | D+5 | Democratic |
| Michigan 6 | R+4 | Republican |
| Michigan 7 | R+7 | Republican |
| Michigan 8 | R+4 | Democratic |
| Michigan 9 | D+4 | Democratic |
| Michigan 10 | R+13 | Republican |
| Michigan 11 | R+4 | Democratic |
| Michigan 12 | D+14 | Democratic |
| Michigan 13 | D+33 | Democratic |
| Michigan 14 | D+30 | Democratic |
| Minnesota 1 | R+5 | Republican |
| Minnesota 2 | R+2 | Democratic |
| Minnesota 3 | D+1 | Democratic |
| Minnesota 4 | D+14 | Democratic |
| Minnesota 5 | D+26 | Democratic |
| Minnesota 6 | R+12 | Republican |
| Minnesota 7 | R+12 | Democratic |
| Minnesota 8 | R+4 | Republican |
| Mississippi 1 | R+16 | Republican |
| Mississippi 2 | D+14 | Democratic |
| Mississippi 3 | R+13 | Republican |
| Mississippi 4 | R+21 | Republican |
| Missouri 1 | D+29 | Democratic |
| Missouri 2 | R+8 | Republican |
| Missouri 3 | R+18 | Republican |
| Missouri 4 | R+17 | Republican |
| Missouri 5 | D+7 | Democratic |
| Missouri 6 | R+16 | Republican |
| Missouri 7 | R+23 | Republican |
| Missouri 8 | R+24 | Republican |
| Montana at-large | R+11 | Republican |
| Nebraska 1 | R+11 | Republican |
| Nebraska 2 | R+4 | Republican |
| Nebraska 3 | R+27 | Republican |
| Nevada 1 | D+15 | Democratic |
| Nevada 2 | R+7 | Republican |
| Nevada 3 | R+2 | Democratic |
| Nevada 4 | D+3 | Democratic |
| New Hampshire 1 | D+1 | Democratic |
| New Hampshire 2 | D+2 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 1 | D+13 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 2 | R+1 | Republican |
| New Jersey 3 | R+2 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 4 | R+8 | Republican |
| New Jersey 5 | R+3 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 6 | D+9 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 7 | R+3 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 8 | D+27 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 9 | D+16 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 10 | D+36 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 11 | R+3 | Democratic |
| New Jersey 12 | D+16 | Democratic |
| New Mexico 1 | D+7 | Democratic |
| New Mexico 2 | R+6 | Democratic |
| New Mexico 3 | D+8 | Democratic |
| New York 1 | R+5 | Republican |
| New York 2 | R+3 | Republican |
| New York 3 | D+1 | Democratic |
| New York 4 | D+4 | Democratic |
| New York 5 | D+37 | Democratic |
| New York 6 | D+16 | Democratic |
| New York 7 | D+38 | Democratic |
| New York 8 | D+36 | Democratic |
| New York 9 | D+34 | Democratic |
| New York 10 | D+26 | Democratic |
| New York 11 | R+3 | Democratic |
| New York 12 | D+31 | Democratic |
| New York 13 | D+43 | Democratic |
| New York 14 | D+29 | Democratic |
| New York 15 | D+44 | Democratic |
| New York 16 | D+24 | Democratic |
| New York 17 | D+7 | Democratic |
| New York 18 | R+1 | Democratic |
| New York 19 | R+2 | Democratic |
| New York 20 | D+7 | Democratic |
| New York 21 | R+4 | Republican |
| New York 22 | R+6 | Democratic |
| New York 23 | R+6 | Republican |
| New York 24 | D+3 | Republican |
| New York 25 | D+8 | Democratic |
| New York 26 | D+11 | Democratic |
| New York 27 | R+11 | Republican |
| North Carolina 1 | D+17 | Democratic |
| North Carolina 2 | R+7 | Republican |
| North Carolina 3 | R+12 | Republican |
| North Carolina 4 | D+17 | Democratic |
| North Carolina 5 | R+10 | Republican |
| North Carolina 6 | R+9 | Republican |
| North Carolina 7 | R+9 | Republican |
| North Carolina 8 | R+8 | Republican |
| North Carolina 9 | R+8 | Republican |
| North Carolina 10 | R+12 | Republican |
| North Carolina 11 | R+14 | Republican |
| North Carolina 12 | D+18 | Democratic |
| North Carolina 13 | R+6 | Republican |
| North Dakota at-large | R+16 | Republican |
| Ohio 1 | R+5 | Republican |
| Ohio 2 | R+9 | Republican |
| Ohio 3 | D+19 | Democratic |
| Ohio 4 | R+14 | Republican |
| Ohio 5 | R+11 | Republican |
| Ohio 6 | R+16 | Republican |
| Ohio 7 | R+12 | Republican |
| Ohio 8 | R+17 | Republican |
| Ohio 9 | D+14 | Democratic |
| Ohio 10 | R+4 | Republican |
| Ohio 11 | D+32 | Democratic |
| Ohio 12 | R+7 | Republican |
| Ohio 13 | D+7 | Democratic |
| Ohio 14 | R+5 | Republican |
| Ohio 15 | R+7 | Republican |
| Ohio 16 | R+8 | Republican |
| Oklahoma 1 | R+17 | Republican |
| Oklahoma 2 | R+24 | Republican |
| Oklahoma 3 | R+27 | Republican |
| Oklahoma 4 | R+20 | Republican |
| Oklahoma 5 | R+10 | Democratic |
| Oregon 1 | D+9 | Democratic |
| Oregon 2 | R+11 | Republican |
| Oregon 3 | D+24 | Democratic |
| Oregon 4 | EVEN | Democratic |
| Oregon 5 | EVEN | Democratic |
| Pennsylvania 1 | R+1 | Republican |
| Pennsylvania 2 | D+25 | Democratic |
| Pennsylvania 3 | D+41 | Democratic |
| Pennsylvania 4 | D+7 | Democratic |
| Pennsylvania 5 | D+13 | Democratic |
| Pennsylvania 6 | D+2 | Democratic |
| Pennsylvania 7 | D+1 | Democratic |
| Pennsylvania 8 | R+1 | Democratic |
| Pennsylvania 9 | R+14 | Republican |
| Pennsylvania 10 | R+6 | Republican |
| Pennsylvania 11 | R+14 | Republican |
| Pennsylvania 12 | R+17 | Republican |
| Pennsylvania 13 | R+22 | Republican |
| Pennsylvania 14 | R+14 | Republican |
| Pennsylvania 15 | R+20 | Republican |
| Pennsylvania 16 | R+8 | Republican |
| Pennsylvania 17 | R+3 | Democratic |
| Pennsylvania 18 | D+13 | Democratic |
| Rhode Island 1 | D+14 | Democratic |
| Rhode Island 2 | D+6 | Democratic |
| South Carolina 1 | R+10 | Democratic |
| South Carolina 2 | R+12 | Republican |
| South Carolina 3 | R+19 | Republican |
| South Carolina 4 | R+15 | Republican |
| South Carolina 5 | R+9 | Republican |
| South Carolina 6 | D+19 | Democratic |
| South Carolina 7 | R+9 | Republican |
| South Dakota at-large | R+14 | Republican |
| Tennessee 1 | R+28 | Republican |
| Tennessee 2 | R+20 | Republican |
| Tennessee 3 | R+18 | Republican |
| Tennessee 4 | R+20 | Republican |
| Tennessee 5 | D+7 | Democratic |
| Tennessee 6 | R+24 | Republican |
| Tennessee 7 | R+20 | Republican |
| Tennessee 8 | R+19 | Republican |
| Tennessee 9 | D+28 | Democratic |
| Texas 1 | R+25 | Republican |
| Texas 2 | R+11 | Republican |
| Texas 3 | R+13 | Republican |
| Texas 4 | R+28 | Republican |
| Texas 5 | R+16 | Republican |
| Texas 6 | R+9 | Republican |
| Texas 7 | R+7 | Democratic |
| Texas 8 | R+28 | Republican |
| Texas 9 | D+29 | Democratic |
| Texas 10 | R+9 | Republican |
| Texas 11 | R+32 | Republican |
| Texas 12 | R+18 | Republican |
| Texas 13 | R+33 | Republican |
| Texas 14 | R+12 | Republican |
| Texas 15 | D+7 | Democratic |
| Texas 16 | D+17 | Democratic |
| Texas 17 | R+12 | Republican |
| Texas 18 | D+27 | Democratic |
| Texas 19 | R+27 | Republican |
| Texas 20 | D+10 | Democratic |
| Texas 21 | R+10 | Republican |
| Texas 22 | R+10 | Republican |
| Texas 23 | R+1 | Republican |
| Texas 24 | R+9 | Republican |
| Texas 25 | R+11 | Republican |
| Texas 26 | R+18 | Republican |
| Texas 27 | R+13 | Republican |
| Texas 28 | D+9 | Democratic |
| Texas 29 | D+19 | Democratic |
| Texas 30 | D+29 | Democratic |
| Texas 31 | R+10 | Republican |
| Texas 32 | R+5 | Democratic |
| Texas 33 | D+23 | Democratic |
| Texas 34 | D+10 | Democratic |
| Texas 35 | D+15 | Democratic |
| Texas 36 | R+26 | Republican |
| Utah 1 | R+26 | Republican |
| Utah 2 | R+16 | Republican |
| Utah 3 | R+25 | Republican |
| Utah 4 | R+13 | Democratic |
| Vermont at-large | D+15 | Democratic |
| Virginia 1 | R+8 | Republican |
| Virginia 2 | R+3 | Democratic |
| Virginia 3 | D+16 | Democratic |
| Virginia 4 | D+10 | Democratic |
| Virginia 5 | R+6 | Republican |
| Virginia 6 | R+13 | Republican |
| Virginia 7 | R+6 | Democratic |
| Virginia 8 | D+21 | Democratic |
| Virginia 9 | R+19 | Republican |
| Virginia 10 | D+1 | Democratic |
| Virginia 11 | D+15 | Democratic |
| Washington 1 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Washington 2 | D+10 | Democratic |
| Washington 3 | R+4 | Republican |
| Washington 4 | R+13 | Republican |
| Washington 5 | R+8 | Republican |
| Washington 6 | D+6 | Democratic |
| Washington 7 | D+33 | Democratic |
| Washington 8 | EVEN | Democratic |
| Washington 9 | D+21 | Democratic |
| Washington 10 | D+5 | Democratic |
| West Virginia 1 | R+19 | Republican |
| West Virginia 2 | R+17 | Republican |
| West Virginia 3 | R+23 | Republican |
| Wisconsin 1 | R+5 | Republican |
| Wisconsin 2 | D+18 | Democratic |
| Wisconsin 3 | EVEN | Democratic |
| Wisconsin 4 | D+25 | Democratic |
| Wisconsin 5 | R+13 | Republican |
| Wisconsin 6 | R+8 | Republican |
| Wisconsin 7 | R+8 | Republican |
| Wisconsin 8 | R+7 | Republican |
| Wyoming at-large | R+25 | Republican |
The District of Columbia's at-large congressional district is ranked on the Cook PVI, as it participates in presidential elections. It is represented by a non-voting delegate. Its rank is D+43. Territorial districts are not ranked on the Cook PVI, as they do not participate in presidential elections.
By state
The PVIs for states are calculated based on the 2012 and 2016 presidential election.[6]
| State | PVI | Party of governor |
Party in Senate |
House balance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | R+14 | Republican | Both | 6R, 1D |
| Alaska | R+9 | Republican | Republican | 1R |
| Arizona | R+5 | Republican | Both | 5D, 4R |
| Arkansas | R+15 | Republican | Republican | 4R |
| California | D+12 | Democratic | Democratic | 45D, 8R |
| Colorado | D+1 | Democratic | Both | 4D, 3R |
| Connecticut | D+6 | Democratic | Democratic | 5D |
| Delaware | D+6 | Democratic | Democratic | 1D |
| Florida | R+2 | Republican | Republican | 14R, 13D |
| Georgia | R+5 | Republican | Republican | 9R, 5D |
| Hawaii | D+18 | Democratic | Democratic | 2D |
| Idaho | R+19 | Republican | Republican | 2R |
| Illinois | D+7 | Democratic | Democratic | 13D, 5R |
| Indiana | R+9 | Republican | Republican | 7R, 2D |
| Iowa | R+3 | Republican | Republican | 3D, 1R |
| Kansas | R+13 | Democratic | Republican | 3R, 1D |
| Kentucky | R+15 | Democratic | Republican | 5R, 1D |
| Louisiana | R+11 | Democratic | Republican | 5R, 1D |
| Maine | D+3 | Democratic | Both* | 2D |
| Maryland | D+12 | Republican | Democratic | 7D, 1R |
| Massachusetts | D+12 | Republican | Democratic | 9D |
| Michigan | D+1 | Democratic | Democratic | 7D, 6R, 1L |
| Minnesota | D+1 | Democratic | Democratic | 5D, 3R |
| Mississippi | R+9 | Republican | Republican | 3R, 1D |
| Missouri | R+9 | Republican | Republican | 6R, 2D |
| Montana | R+11 | Democratic | Both | 1R |
| Nebraska | R+14 | Republican | Republican | 3R |
| Nevada | D+1 | Democratic | Democratic | 3D, 1R |
| New Hampshire | EVEN | Republican | Democratic | 2D |
| New Jersey | D+7 | Democratic | Democratic | 10D, 2R |
| New Mexico | D+3 | Democratic | Democratic | 3D |
| New York | D+12 | Democratic | Democratic | 21D, 6R |
| North Carolina | R+3 | Democratic | Republican | 10R, 3D |
| North Dakota | R+17 | Republican | Republican | 1R |
| Ohio | R+3 | Republican | Both | 12R, 4D |
| Oklahoma | R+20 | Republican | Republican | 4R, 1D |
| Oregon | D+5 | Democratic | Democratic | 4D, 1R |
| Pennsylvania | EVEN | Democratic | Both | 9D, 9R |
| Rhode Island | D+10 | Democratic | Democratic | 2D |
| South Carolina | R+8 | Republican | Republican | 5R, 2D |
| South Dakota | R+14 | Republican | Republican | 1R |
| Tennessee | R+14 | Republican | Republican | 7R, 2D |
| Texas | R+8 | Republican | Republican | 23R, 13D |
| Utah | R+20 | Republican | Republican | 3R, 1D |
| Vermont | D+15 | Republican | Democratic* | 1D |
| Virginia | D+1 | Democratic | Democratic | 7D, 4R |
| Washington | D+7 | Democratic | Democratic | 7D, 3R |
| West Virginia | R+19 | Republican | Both | 3R |
| Wisconsin | EVEN | Democratic | Both | 5R, 3D |
| Wyoming | R+25 | Republican | Republican | 1R
|
*An independent senator caucuses with the Democrats.
Extremes and trends
The most Democratic congressional district in the country is New York's 15th, located in the Bronx, with a PVI of D+44. The most Republican district is Texas's 13th, based in the Texas Panhandle, at R+33. In terms of states as a whole, Wyoming is the most Republican at R+25, and Hawaii is the most Democratic at D+18.
In the Senate, the most Republican-leaning state to have a Democratic senator is West Virginia (R+19 PVI), represented by Joe Manchin. The least Democratic-leaning state (D+1 PVI) to have two Democratic senators is Michigan, represented by Debbie Stabenow and Gary Peters. The most Democratic-leaning state to have a Republican senator is Maine (D+3 PVI) – with Susan Collins. The least Republican-leaning state to have two Republican senators is Florida (R+2 PVI), represented by Marco Rubio and Rick Scott.
Five states with a Republican-leaning PVI (Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Montana, and North Carolina) have Democratic governors, while four Democratic-leaning states (Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont) have Republican governors. These governors are all seen as centrists who attracted voters from the opposite party. The most Republican-leaning state with a Democratic governor is Kentucky (PVI R+15), with Andy Beshear, and the most Democratic-leaning state to have a Republican governor is Vermont (PVI D+15), with Phil Scott. The two states with even PVI ratings, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, both have Democratic governors (Tom Wolf and Tony Evers, respectively).
In the House, the most Democratic-leaning congressional district represented by a Republican is New York's 24th; with a PVI of D+3, the district is represented by John Katko, who is also the only Republican to represent a Democratic-leaning House district. The most Republican-leaning congressional district represented by a Democrat is Utah's 4th; with a PVI of R+13, it is represented by Ben McAdams. Following the 2018 elections, there were 36 Republican-leaning House districts represented by Democrats. The only two Republican leaning states to have more Democratic house members than Republican house members are Iowa (PVI R+3) with 3 Democrats and 1 Republican, and Arizona (PVI R+5) with 5 Democrats and 4 Republicans. The most Democratic leaning state to have more Republican house members than Democratic house members is Wisconsin (PVI EVEN), with 5 Republicans and 3 Democrats. The most Democratic district relative to its state is Tennessee's 9th, being D+28 in an R+14 state (a 42-point difference). The most Republican relative to its state is Illinois's 15th, being R+21 in a D+7 state (a 28-point difference). The most Republican states to have a Democratic Representative are Oklahoma and Utah, while the most Democratic states to have a Republican Representative are California, Maryland, and New York. Of the 428 Congressional districts that are in states with more than one district, 104 lean to one party while their state leans to the other.
See also
- Psephology, the statistical analysis of elections
- Two-party preferred vote
- Political party strength in U.S. states
References
- Wasserman, David (October 11, 2012). "House About PVI". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
- "Monopoly Politics". Center for Voting and Democracy. July 1997. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
- Nir, David (February 6, 2009). "Swing State Project:: A Look at the Cook Political Report's Partisan Vote Index (PVI)". Archived from the original on February 24, 2009. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
- "PVI Map and District List". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- "Partisan Voting Index Districts of the 115th Congress by The Cook Political Report (Arranged by State/District)" (PDF). The Cook Political Report. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2017.
- "2016 State PVI Changes". Decision Desk HQ. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018.