August 2020 Midwest derecho

The August 2020 Midwest derecho, a type of straight-line wind storm, was a severe weather event which took place from August 10-11, 2020 across the Midwestern United States. Moderate to severe damage occurred across the affected area, with the greatest damage occurring in Iowa and northern Illinois where the highest wind speeds were recorded. Wind speeds of 70 miles per hour (110 kilometres per hour; 31 metres per second) were prevalent across much of the affected area, with maximum recorded wind gusts of 112 mph (180 km/h; 50.1 m/s). The impact subjected millions to utility disruptions, residential and commercial property damage, and significant damage to the yearly corn crop in the area.

August 2020 Midwest derecho
Radar track from 2am Aug 10 to 4pm Aug 11 CDT
Date(s) August 10–11, 2020
Duration 14 hours[1]
Track length 770 miles (1,240 km)[1]
Peak wind gust 112 mph (180 km/h; 50.1 m/s) mph (Midway, Iowa[2])
Tornadoes caused 17 (see § Confirmed tornadoes)
Maximum rated tornado1 EF1 tornado
Fatalities 4 (see § Confirmed fatalities)
Types of Damage Widespread damage to residential and commercial property, agriculture, and public utility infrastructure, some severe, affecting millions in the affected areas.
Areas affected South Dakota (SE), Iowa, Nebraska (NE), Wisconsin, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana (N), Michigan, Kentucky, Ohio
1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale

Overview

Beginning in the early morning, the event storm system developed in southeastern South Dakota and moved east into Iowa, followed by the southern Great Lakes region.[3][4][5][1][6] At peak, the wind gusts matched the sustained winds of a major hurricane, as such, the storm damage is more akin to that of a hurricane than a tornado.[3] Significant damage to homes, businesses, trees, and power lines occurred in the Des Moines, Cedar Rapids, and Chicago metro areas as a result of destructive straight-line winds. Numerous small to mid-sized towns also sustained major damage as well. The peak of the derecho occurred as the storm system pushed into central Iowa, losing strength after passing through Illinois.[5][7] Winds 60 mph (97 km/h; 27 m/s) or faster sustained for nearly half an hour in some places.[7] Illinois and Indiana had 17 confirmed tornadoes as a result of circulations embedded within the derecho, all of which were rated EF0 to EF1.[8]

The storm prompted widespread severe thunderstorm warnings, tornado warnings, and high wind warnings, the latter of which are issued when sustained winds of 40–73 mph (64–120 km/h; 18–33 m/s) are expected. (see § Official notices and records below)

Many affected towns and cities advised residents not to travel due to damage. Many city-wide and county-wide states of emergency were declared.[9] On August 13, Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds issued a state-level disaster proclamation for 23 of Iowa's 99 counties.[10]

Impact
Infrared satellite imagery from VIIRS on NASA's Suomi NPP satellite showing side-by-side comparison of eastern Iowa at night. Before (left) and after (right) derecho impact, showing extent of power outages.

Power and telecommunication outages

Wide-scale utility disruption and property damage occurred across the affected area. Early estimates showed more than a million customers (residential and commercial) have been left without power.[3][11][12][10][13] As of Thursday, August 13, affected customers totaled over 1.9 million, with 1.4 million maximum simultaneous outages, breaking down into 759,000 in Illinois, 585,000 in Iowa, 283,000 in Indiana, and 345,000 in other states.[14][15] Over 100,000 Illinois and 200,000 Iowa customers were still without power on August 13.[10] Mediacom, a telecommunications company, has reported an internet outage for 340,000 customers across multiple states in the affected area.[4][16]

In the Des Moines metropolitan area, over 132,000 experienced outages according to local utility company Mid-American Energy. The company says it may take days of round-the-clock shifts before power is restored to many of them.[17][18][19]

Linn County, Iowa peaked at over 95% power loss to residents due to infrastructure damage.[4] Cedar Rapids, the county seat of Linn County, experienced a maximum of 98% of the city without power; as a result, about 100 members of the Iowa National Guard were activated to assist utility crews.[20][21]

In Omaha, Nebraska, over 50,000 were left without power.[3][22]

Terry Dusky, CEO of electrical infrastructure company ITC Midwest, described the storm damage as "...equivalent of a 40-mile wide tornado that rolled over 100 miles of the state."[23]

Extensive and severe wind damage to buildings, trees and vehicles
A damaged farmhouse in Vinton, Iowa partially-covered by a mangled piece of silo sidewall on August 11, 2020.

The storm's winds caused wide-scale damage to plants, particularly trees, snapping large limbs, ripping off branches, and even felling or uprooting whole trees, often damaging homes and vehicles, as well as electrical and telecommunications infrastructure. Homes sustained significant damage to roofs, windows, and siding. Businesses and manufacturing facilities also sustained major structural damage from the storm.[3][4][5][7][17] Large vehicles (such as semi-trailer trucks and recreational vehicles) as well as mobile homes were blown over, sent flying, or destroyed.[4][11][17]

Nebraska

In Eastern Nebraska near Tekamah and Fremont, some of earliest storm damage occurred. The National Weather Service issued a warning at 8:45 AM, with Omaha reporting its first damage just eight minutes later. Winds reached 67 mph, trees were downed, and at least one person was injured.[24]

Iowa
An impassible city street littered with downed trees and related debris in Cedar Rapids, Iowa on August 11, 2020.

Marshalltown, Iowa suffered extensive property damage. Over a hundred cars parked near a factory had their windows blown out. Reports described 99 mph winds, roofs being ripped off, and loose wood debris being embedded into the side of buildings.[11][25][26]

The Des Moines Buccaneers's ice hockey arena sustained significant roof damage.[11][17]

The city of Ankeny, Iowa, part of the Des Moines metropolitan area, said it would take an estimated four-to-six weeks to fully clean up debris.[27] A Hy-Vee grocery store in Ankeny was found by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources to have illegally dumped 800 US gallons (3,000 L) of spoiled milk into storm sewers, contaminating a local waterway. The milk spoiled due to storm-related loss of power and thus refrigeration.[28]

Several major roads in Iowa City were closed due to storm debris, including Interstate 380 between Iowa City and Cedar Rapids.[29]

In Cedar Rapids, one of the hardest hit cities, Adjutant General Benjamin Corell, Commander of the Iowa National Guard, compared the extensiveness of the damage to Hurricane Katrina.[30] Cedar Rapids officials described the damage as being worse than the 2008 Iowa Flood.[20] The majority of all residential and commercial buildings were damaged, as well as twenty schools, resulting in the closure of most local businesses. Thousands of trees were downed throughout all 75 square miles of Cedar Rapids, and most of the city's roads became impassible. Trash pickup stopped, cell phone service was spotty, and many gas leaks were reported. Hospitals treated over 300 patients for storm related injuries. Initial professional estimates suggest that cleanup and removal of the city's downed trees could take months. Arborists have urged residents not to clear trees on their own, in order to avoid injury.[31][21][32][33]

Both Cedar Rapids and Marion, Iowa lost an estimated half or more of their tree canopy in the storm.[34]

Satellite imagery of agricultural and foliage damage resulting from the derecho[35] taken from the MODIS aboard NASA's Aqua satellite. (Photo enhanced for accessibility)

Agricultural damage

Many farmers in Iowa, a major agricultural state and top corn producer in the US, found their crops flattened or agricultural infrastructure (e.g. silos, grain bins, grain elevators) imploded by the storm[4][11][10][17][35] Total area of damaged crops are currently estimated around 10 million acres (40,500 km2) in Iowa alone, which is approximately 43% of the 21.3 million acres (86,200 km2) of corn and soybeans planted in 2020 or a little more than a third of the state's total 30.6 million acres (124,000 km2) of arable land.[4][10][35][36][37] The crop damage is widespread enough to be seen from space satellite imagery.[35]

The average projected yield for the state has gone from 202 US bushels per acre (1,760 m3/km2) to 100–150 US bushels per acre (871–1,310 m3/km2), a reduction of up to half.[37] Prescient Weather CEO Jan Dutton estimated 180–270 million US bushels (6.34–9.51 million cubic metres) destroyed or degraded by the storm, however saying the damage is minor compared to the total US yearly agricultural production amounts which are in the tens of billions of bushels.[35]

Confirmed fatalities

Indiana

In Fort Wayne, a woman was killed when high winds tipped over her mobile home.[38]

Iowa

Poweshiek County Emergency Management confirmed the deaths of two, one Malcom woman in her 40s killed when a tree fell on her porch and one Brooklyn man in his 40s, a city employee and electrician, killed by electrocution from a downed power line he was attempting to repair.[39][23]

The Linn County Sheriff's Office confirmed a 63 year-old man who died from a falling tree while biking.[39]

Responses

Vice President Mike Pence held two campaign rallies in Iowa on Thursday, August 13. He promised to help Iowa rebuild, but did not tour areas damaged by the storm.[30]

Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds arrived in Cedar Rapids, Iowa with the National Guard on Friday, August 14. When asked about her delay in visiting the area, she explained that it was up to local officials to request disaster assistance.[30]

Lack of coverage and response

Local newsrooms, having suffered from downsizing and the impacts of the current pandemic, have been hard pressed to provide reporting under disaster conditions. As a result, national news coverage of storm impacts has been limited.[40]

Ashton Kutcher, originally from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, criticized the lack of federal response and aid for the storm, calling on Vice President Mike Pence, followed by President Donald Trump, to act to aid the affected areas.[41][42]

Official notices and records

Official NWS watches

Starting in the early morning of August 10, the National Weather Service tracked and published a series of watch bulletins for the event storm system. This tracking continued as the storm did throughout the day and into August 11.

National Weather Service (Storm Prediction Center) Watch Bulletins
Bulletin # Issued (CDT) Type Covered areas Storm location Storm heading Watch details
424 6:05am (until 11:00am) STW South Dakota (SE), Nebraska (NE), Iowa (NW) South Dakota-Nebraska border area East (into eastern Iowa) High Winds (75mph+) and Hail [43]
425 8:55am (until 2:00am) STW Iowa (most of state) Iowa-Nebraska-South Dakota border area East (into central Iowa) High Winds (80mph+) and Large Hail [44]
426 11:25am (until 7pm) STW

(PDS)

 Iowa (E), Illinois (N), Wisconsin (S) Iowa (central) East (toward Lake Michigan) Extreme Winds (100mph+), Large Hail and Isolated Tornadoes [45]
427 1pm (until 7pm) STW Wisconsin (E), Michigan (Upper Peninsula) Iowa-Illinois border area East (spreading north toward Lake Michigan) High Winds (70mph+) and Large Hail [46]
428 4:25pm (until 12am) STW Michigan (S), Indiana (N) Illinois (N) East (toward Indiana) High Winds (70mph+) and Large Hail [47]
429 2:55pm (until 10pm) STW Illinois, Missouri (E) Iowa-Illinois border area, East Illinois East (spreading south toward southern Illinois) High Winds (80mph+) and Large Hail [48]
430 6:30pm (until 12am) STW Illinois (S), Indiana (S), Kentucky (NW) Illinois (central), Indiana (central), Missouri (E) Southeast (spreading toward Kentucky) High Winds (70mph+) and Significant Hail [49]
431 7:05pm (until 12am)[lower-roman 1] STW Ohio (E) Indiana, Michigan, Illinois (S) East (Ohio) High Winds (70mph+) and Significant Hail [50]
  1. Posted by National Weather Service in Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), converted for consistency

Highest recorded winds
Recording Location Peak Wind Gust Speed Recorded By
Midway, Iowa[lower-roman 1] 112 mph (180 km/h; 50 m/s) [7][12]
Le Grand, Iowa[lower-roman 1] 106 mph (171 km/h; 47 m/s) Mesonet - Personal Station [51][7][12]
Forreston, Illinois 100 mph (160 km/h; 45 m/s)[lower-roman 2] NWS Storm Survey [52]
Hiawatha, Iowa[lower-roman 1] 100 mph (160 km/h; 45 m/s) [7][12]
Marshalltown, Iowa (Airport) 99 mph (159 km/h; 44 m/s) ASOS [51][12]
Albion, Iowa[lower-roman 1] 99 mph (159 km/h; 44 m/s) [7][12]
Marshalltown, Iowa 90–95 mph (145–153 km/h; 40–42 m/s)[lower-roman 2] Iowa DOT, Storm spotter, Storm chaser [51][7][12]
Glen Ellyn, Illinois 90 mph (140 km/h; 40 m/s)[lower-roman 2] NWS Storm Survey [52]
Harvey, Illinois[lower-roman 1] 90 mph (140 km/h; 40 m/s)[lower-roman 2] NWS Storm Survey [52]
Ottawa, Illinois 90 mph (140 km/h; 40 m/s)[lower-roman 2] NWS Storm Survey [52]
Dixon, Illinois[lower-roman 1] 92 mph (148 km/h; 41 m/s) Mesonet - Personal Station [52][7]
Cedar Point, Illinois[lower-roman 1] 91 mph (146 km/h; 41 m/s) Storm spotter [13]
Atkins, Iowa 90 mph (140 km/h; 40 m/s) [12]
Blairstown, Iowa 90 mph (140 km/h; 40 m/s) [12]
Davenport, Iowa 86 mph (138 km/h; 38 m/s) [12]
Chicago (Lincoln Square) 85 mph (137 km/h; 38 m/s) Mesonet - Personal Station [52]
Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge 85 mph (137 km/h; 38 m/s) RAWS [51]
Urbandale, Iowa 85 mph (137 km/h; 38 m/s) Mesonet - Personal Station [51][7]
Elkhart, Iowa[lower-roman 1] 85 mph (137 km/h; 38 m/s) Mesonet - Personal Station [51]
Moline, Illinois[lower-roman 1] 85 mph (137 km/h; 38 m/s) Iowa DOT [53][12]
Plainfield, Illinois[lower-roman 1] 84 mph (135 km/h; 38 m/s) Mesonet - Personal Station [52]
Mendota, Illinois 80 mph (130 km/h; 36 m/s)[lower-roman 2] NWS Employee [52]
South Pekin, Illinois 80 mph (130 km/h; 36 m/s) [13]
Colfax, Iowa 80 mph (130 km/h; 36 m/s)[lower-roman 2] General Public [51]
Quad Cities (Airport) 79 mph (127 km/h; 35 m/s) ASOS [53]
Ankeny, IA (Airport) 78 mph (126 km/h; 35 m/s) AWOS [51][12]
Hubbard, Iowa 77 mph (120 km/h; 34 m/s) CWOP [51]
Des Moines, IA (Airport) 75–80 mph (120–130 km/h; 34–36 m/s)[lower-roman 2] ASOS, Storm spotter [51][7][12]
Lee, Illinois 75 mph (120 km/h; 34 m/s)[lower-roman 2] Storm spotter [52]
Leighton, Iowa 75 mph (120 km/h; 34 m/s) Mesonet - Personal Station [51]
Kentland, Indiana[lower-roman 1] 73 mph (120 km/h; 33 m/s) Mesonet - Personal Station [52]
Chicago (Midway) 72.5 mph (117 km/h; 32.4 m/s) [7]
Cedar Rapids, Iowa (Airport) 68 mph (109 km/h; 30 m/s) ASOS [53]
Spring Bay, Illinois 65 mph (105 km/h; 29 m/s) [13]
Morton, Illinois 65 mph (105 km/h; 29 m/s) [13]
Bloomington, Illinois 64 mph (103 km/h; 29 m/s) [13]
Chicago (O'Hare) 62 mph (100 km/h; 28 m/s) [7]
  1. Close nearby the town, but not within city limits.
  2. Wind speed estimated by non-instrument sources.

Confirmed tornadoes
Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
0 7 10 0 0 0 0 17

August 10 event
List of confirmed tornadoes – Monday, August 10, 2020[note 1]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
EF0 SSW of Burton Grant WI 42.694°N 90.8312°W / 42.694; -90.8312 (Burton (Aug. 10, EF0)) 17:32–17:34 0.55 mi (0.89 km) 50 yd (46 m) A high-end EF0 tornado damaged two outbuildings, power lines, and hardwood trees.[54][55]
EF0 Western Rockford Winnebago IL 42.250°N 89.132°W / 42.250; -89.132 (SW Rockford (Aug. 10, EF0)) 19:37-19:38 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 50 yd (46 m) First of two tornadoes to strike Rockford. Some trees were damaged along the path.[56][57]
EF1 Northeastern Rockford to Caledonia Winnebago, Boone IL 42.280°N 89.021°W / 42.280; -89.021 (Rockford (Aug. 10, EF1)) 19:47-20:05 9.2 mi (14.8 km) 300 yd (270 m) Second of two tornadoes to strike Rockford. Trees and tree limbs were downed in the northeastern part of Rockford, with significant tree damage occurred in a localized area just east of Rock Valley College. Homes, apartment buildings, and businesses sustained roof, siding, and shingle damage. Two utility poles were snapped as well, and tree limbs were downed in Caledonia before the tornado dissipated.[56][58][55]
EF0 N of Kirkland DeKalb IL 42.1096°N 88.8676°W / 42.1096; -88.8676 (Rockford (Aug. 10, EF0)) 19:54-19:57 3.1572 mi (5.0810 km) 40 yd (37 m) A utility pole was snapped and a convergent pattern was left in corn fields.[55]
EF1 Ottawa LaSalle IL 41.353°N 88.844°W / 41.353; -88.844 (Ottawa (Aug. 10, EF1)) 19:59-20:01 0.75 mi (1.21 km) 150 yd (140 m) This high-end EF1 tornado ripped well-anchored roofing material off of businesses in town, and snapped a power pole was at its base. Shingles were ripped off of homes and businesses just west of IL 23. Trees were shredded as well.[59][55][60]
EF1 SE of Marengo McHenry IL 42.182°N 88.654°W / 42.182; -88.654 (Marengo (Aug. 10, EF1)) 20:05-20:11 5.7 mi (9.2 km) 200 yd (180 m) Mainly tree damage occurred, although one single family home was heavily damaged.[56][61]
EF1 Southern Yorkville to Plainfield Kendall, Will IL 41.620°N 88.453°W / 41.620; -88.453 (Yorkville (Aug. 10, EF1)) 20:15-20:30 14.5 mi (23.3 km) 250 yd (230 m) As the tornado touched down on the far southern side of Yorkville, it destroyed a pergola, ripped siding off a house, and threw fencing and parts of a tree over a roadway. Trees were also damaged as the tornado crossed IL 126. The tornado reached peak intensity as it mangled trees, destroyed a farm building, and bent a large grain bin inward. Wood panels thrown by the tornado left scour marks in the ground. Six power poles were snapped, and a 1,000–1,500 lb (450–680 kg) auger was moved 50 ft (15 m). The tornado then weakened as it entered Plainfield, causing tree, fence, and siding damage. The tornado lifted just before reaching I-55, although damaging winds of up to 82 miles per hour (132 km/h) continued to damage trees and roofs into the Crest Hill community.[59][55][62]
EF1 Wheaton DuPage IL 41.867°N 88.103°W / 41.867; -88.103 (Wheaton (Aug. 10, EF1)) 20:35-20:36 0.3 mi (0.48 km) 200 yd (180 m) A 50 ft (15 m) tall church steeple was knocked down, by this short-lived, low-end EF1 tornado. Trees were also damaged nearby on the campus of Wheaton College. Damaging winds of up to 90 miles per hour (140 km/h) caused damage in nearby Glen Ellyn after the tornado dissipated.[56][63][55]
EF0 Lake Geneva Walworth WI 42.5568°N 88.4463°W / 42.5568; -88.4463 (Lake Geneva (Aug. 10, EF0)) 20:38-20:42 3.3 mi (5.3 km) 50 yd (46 m) Large limbs and tree trunks were knocked down or snapped and house sustained minor damage in a residential area before the tornado reached its peak intensity as it crossed WS 120. Numerous trees were snapped, a building sustained roof and siding damage, and a car was splattered with debris. The tornado then quickly weakened and dissipated after crossing over US 12.[64][55]
EF1 SSW of Camp Lake, WI Lake (IL), Kenosha (WI) IL, WI 42.475°N 88.1895°W / 42.475; -88.1895 (Camp Lake(Aug. 10, EF1)) 20:41-20:48 3.75 mi (6.04 km) 150 yd (140 m) In Illinois, the tornado damaged the roofs of homes, snapped or uprooted trees, and wrapped metal roofing from outbuildings around trees. The tornado weakened as it entered Wisconsin, where additional tree damage occurred and multiple homes sustained shingle and siding damage in the Camp Lake area.[64][55]
EF0 Park Forest Will, Cook IL 41.469°N 87.701°W / 41.469; -87.701 (Park Forest (Aug. 10, EF0)) 20:57-20:59 2 mi (3.2 km) 350 yd (320 m) This high-end EF0 tornado caused mainly tree damage, including one tree that fell on a house.[59][55][65]
EF1 Lincolnwood to Rogers Park Cook IL 42.011°N 87.716°W / 42.011; -87.716 (Lincolnwood (Aug. 10, EF1)) 20:59-21:04 3 mi (4.8 km) 300 yd (270 m) A high-end EF1 tornado was caught on video lofting debris as it moved through the Rogers Park neighborhood in Chicago. Trees were snapped or uprooted, a metal light post was snapped at its base, wooden power poles were left leaning, and some buildings sustained roof damage. The tornado lifted as it moved over Lake Michigan.[56][55][66]
EF0 Grant Park Kankakee IL 41.2395°N 87.659°W / 41.2395; -87.659 (Grant Park (Aug. 10, EF0)) 21:04-21:06 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 250 yd (230 m) Trees and crops were damaged outside of town before the tornado moved through it, causing additional tree and minor roof damage.[59][55][67]
EF1 SSW of Camp Lake, WI Lake (IL), Kenosha (WI) IL, WI 42.475°N 88.1895°W / 42.475; -88.1895 (Camp Lake(Aug. 10, EF1)) 20:41-20:48 3.75 mi (6.04 km) 150 yd (140 m) Trees, homes, and buildings were damaged. EF1 damage was found in Illinois and high-end EF0 damage in Wisconsin.[64][55]
EF1 SE of Wyatt to SW of Wakarusa St. Joseph IN 41.5079°N 86.1238°W / 41.5079; -86.1238 (Wyatt (Aug. 10, EF1)) 22:32–22:37 2.5 mi (4.0 km) 100 yd (91 m) This high-end EF1 tornado was embedded in a much larger swath of damaging winds. Grain bins were toppled, several farm outbuildings were significantly damaged or destroyed, trees were damaged, and crops were flattened. A farmhouse had its brick chimney toppled over, and a utility pole was snapped. The tornado dissipated into a microburst that caused more damage farther east.[68][55]
EF1 Mineral Springs to Webster Lake Kosciusko IN 41.3360°N 85.7020°W / 41.3360; -85.7020 (Mineral Springs (Aug. 10, EF1)) 22:56–22:59 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 100 yd (91 m) Trees were snapped as this tornado crossed SR 13. A church lost roof covering, and some homes were damaged as a result of fallen trees and branches. Some homes also had minor roof damage. The tornado lifted over Webster Lake.[68][55]
EF0 N of Kentland Newton IN N/A N/A 0.75 mi (1.21 km) 40 yd (37 m) A metal outbuilding sustained minor damage as a result of this brief, weak tornado.[68][55]

See also

Notes

    References
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    1. All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.
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