1924 United States Senate elections

The United States Senate elections of 1924 were elections for the United States Senate which coincided with the election of Republican President Calvin Coolidge to a full term. The strong economy and Coolidge's popularity helped Republican candidates increase their majority by four, although several interim appointments had worsened their numbers since the 1922 election; as a result, the party achieved a net gain of only one seat since the previous voting cycle.

1924 United States Senate elections

November 4, 1924

32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Henry Cabot Lodge
(unofficial)
Joseph Robinson
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1919 December 3, 1923
Leader's seat Massachusetts Arkansas
Seats before 51 43
Seats after 54 41
Seat change 3 2
Seats up 17 14
Seats won 20 12

  Third party
 
Party Farmer–Labor
Seats before 2
Seats after 1
Seat change 1
Seats up 1
Seats won 0

Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     No election

Majority Leader before election

Henry Cabot Lodge
Republican

Elected Majority Leader

Charles Curtis
Republican

Gains and losses

The Republicans gained from an open seat:

Republicans also defeated Democratic incumbents:

A Republican defeated a Farmer–Labor incumbent:

A Democrat defeated a Republican incumbent:

Holds

The Republicans held two open seats:

The Republicans held three seats in primary contests:

The Democrats held two seats in primary contests:

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1924.

  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38
Ran
D37
Ran
D36
Ran
D35
Ran
D34
Ran
D33
Ran
D32
Ran
D31
Ran
D30
Ran
D29
Colo. (sp)
Retired
D39
Ran
D40
Ran
D41
Ran
D42
Ran
D43
Retired
FL1 FL2
Ran
R51
R.I.
R.I. (sp)
Died
R50
Retired
R49
Ran
Majority →
R39
Ran
R40
Mich. (reg)
Mich. (sp)
Ran
R41
Ran
R42
Ran
R43
Ran
R44
Ran
R45
Ran
R46
Ran
R47
Ran
R48
Ran
R38
Ran
R37
Ran
R36
Ran
R35
Ran
R34
Conn. (sp)
Died
R33 R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Elections results

  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38
Hold
D37
Re-elected
D36
Re-elected
D35
Re-elected
D34
Re-elected
D33
Re-elected
D32
Re-elected
D31
Re-elected
D30
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D39
Hold
D40
Gain
FL1 R55
Colo. (sp)
Gain
R54
Gain
R53
Gain
R52
Gain
R51
Gain
R50
Hold
R49
Hold
Majority →
R39
Re-elected
R40
Mich. (reg)
Mich. (sp)
Elected[lower-alpha 1]
R41
R.I.
R.I. (sp)
Elected[lower-alpha 1]
R42
Re-elected
R43
Re-elected
R44
Re-elected
R45
Re-elected
R46
Hold
R47
Hold
R48
Hold
R38
Re-elected
R37
Re-elected
R36
Re-elected
R35
Re-elected
R54
Conn. (sp)
Hold
R33 R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
Key
D# Democratic
FL# Farmer–Labor
R# Republican

Race summaries

Special elections during the 68th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1924 or before March 4, 1925; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Colorado
(Class 3)
Alva B. Adams Democratic 1923 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired to run for the Class 2 seat, see below.
New senator elected November 4, 1924.
Republican gain.
  • Y Rice W. Means (Republican) 50.2%
  • Morrison Shafroth (Democratic) 43.7%
  • Charles T. Phelps (Independent) 5.5%
Michigan
(Class 2)
James J. Couzens Republican 1922 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected November 4, 1924.
Rhode Island
(Class 2)
LeBaron B. Colt Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent died August 18, 1924.
New senator elected November 4, 1924.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
Connecticut
(Class 3)
Frank B. Brandegee Republican 1905 (Special)
1909
1914
1920
Incumbent died October 14, 1924.
New senator elected December 16, 1924.
Republican hold.

Elections leading to the 69th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1925; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama J. Tom Heflin Democratic 1920 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y J. Tom Heflin (Democratic) 75.2%
  • F. H. Lathrop (Republican) 24.8%
Arkansas Joseph T. Robinson Democratic 1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) 73.5%
  • Charles F. Cole (Republican) 26.5%
Colorado Lawrence C. Phipps Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
Delaware L. Heisler Ball Republican 1903 (Special)
1906 (Lost)
1918
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Georgia William J. Harris Democratic 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
Idaho William E. Borah Republican 1907
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William E. Borah (Republican) 79.5%
  • Frank Martin (Democratic) 20.1%
Illinois Medill McCormick Republican 1918 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Incumbent then died and winner was appointed to finish the current term.
Iowa Smith W. Brookhart Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
Election was later successfully challenged after the new senator had been seated.[1]
Kansas Arthur Capper Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Arthur Capper (Republican) 70.1%
  • James Malone (Democratic) 25.2%
Kentucky Augustus O. Stanley Democratic 1918 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Louisiana Joseph E. Ransdell Democratic 1912
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Maine Bert M. Fernald Republican 1916 (Special)
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts David I. Walsh Democratic 1918 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Michigan James Couzens Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James Couzens (Republican) 74.3%
  • Mortimer E. Cooley (Democratic) 24.6%
Minnesota Magnus Johnson Farmer–Labor 1923 (Special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Mississippi Pat Harrison Democratic 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
Montana Thomas J. Walsh Democratic 1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska George W. Norris Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
New Hampshire Henry W. Keyes Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Henry W. Keyes (Republican) 59.8%
  • George E. Farrand (Democratic) 40.2%
New Jersey Walter E. Edge Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected.
New Mexico Holm O. Bursum Republican 1921 (Appointed)
1921 (Special)
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Democratic gain.
North Carolina Furnifold M. Simmons Democratic 1901
1907
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Furnifold M. Simmons (Democratic) 61.6%
  • A. A. Whitener (Republican) 38.5%
Oklahoma Robert L. Owen Democratic 1907
1913
1918
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Oregon Charles L. McNary Republican 1917 (Appointed)
1918 (Not elected)
1918 (Appointed)
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles L. McNary (Republican) 66.0%
  • Milton A. Miller (Democratic) 24.7%
  • F. E. Coulter (Progressive) 7.7%
Rhode Island LeBaron B. Colt Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent died August 18, 1924.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term, see above.
South Carolina Nathaniel B. Dial Democratic 1918 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Coleman L. Blease (Democratic)
  • Unopposed
South Dakota Thomas Sterling Republican 1913
1918
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y William H. McMaster (Republican) 45.4%
  • U. S. G. Cherry (Democratic) 33.1%
  • Tom Ayres (Farmer–Labor) 12.1%
  • George Egan (Independent) 7.2%
Tennessee John K. Shields Democratic 1913
1918
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Lawrence D. Tyson (Democratic) 57.3%
  • H. B. Lindsay (Republican) 42.6%
Texas Morris Sheppard Democratic 1913 (Special)
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia Carter Glass Democratic 1920
1920 (Special)
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Carter Glass (Democratic) 73.1%
  • W. N. Noak (Republican) 24.2%
West Virginia Davis Elkins Republican 1911 (Appointed)
1911 (Retired)
1918
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Republican hold.
Wyoming Francis E. Warren Republican 1895
1901
1907
1913
1918
Incumbent re-elected.

Alabama

1924 United States Senate election in Alabama[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic James Thomas Heflin (Incumbent) 154,560 79.52%
Republican Frank H. Lathrop 39,818 20.48%
Majority 114,742 59.04%
Turnout 194,378
Democratic hold

Arkansas

1924 United States Senate election in Arkansas[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joseph Taylor Robinson (Incumbent) 100,408 73.52%
Republican Charles F. Cole 36,163 26.48%
Majority 64245 47.04%
Turnout 136571
Democratic hold

Colorado

Colorado (Special)

1924 United States Senate special election in Colorado[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Rice W. Means 159,353 50.17%
Democratic Morrison Shafroth 138,714 43.67%
Independent Charles T. Philip 17,542 5.52%
Independent Clyde Robinson 2,012 0.63%
Majority 20,639 6.50%
Turnout 317,621
Republican gain from Democratic

Colorado (Regular)

1924 United States Senate election in Colorado[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lawrence C. Phipps (Incumbent) 159,698 50.19%
Democratic Alva B. Adams 139,660 43.89%
Independent Morton Alexander 16,039 5.04%
Independent Elwood Hillis 1,575 0.50%
Independent James Albert Ayres 1,197 0.38%
Majority 20,038 6.20%
Turnout 318,169
Republican hold

Connecticut (Special)

1924 United States Senate special election in Connecticut[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Hiram Bingham III 112,400 60.35%
Democratic Hamilton Holt 71,871 38.59%
Socialist Martin Plunkett 1,961 1.05%
Majority 40,529 21.76%
Turnout 186,232
Republican hold

Delaware

1924 United States Senate election in Delaware[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican T. Coleman du Pont 52,731 59.37%
Democratic James M. Tunnell 36,085 40.63%
Majority 16,646 18.74%
Turnout 88,816
Republican hold

Georgia

1924 United States Senate election in Georgia[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic William J. Harris (Incumbent) 155,497 100.00%
Democratic hold

Idaho

1924 United States Senate election in Idaho[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican William Borah (Incumbent) 99,846 79.50%
Democratic Frank Martin 25,199 20.06%
Socialist Eugene F. Gary 554 0.44%
Majority 74,647 59.44%
Turnout 125,599
Republican hold

Illinois

1924 United States Senate election in Illinois[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charles S. Deneen 1,449,180 63.54%
Democratic Albert A. Sprague 806,702 35.37%
Socialist George Koop 18,708 0.82%
Socialist Labor Albert Wirth 2,966 0.13%
Workers J. Louis Engdahl 2,518 0.11%
Commonwealth Land Lewis D. Spaulding 391 0.02%
Independent Parke Longworth 382 0.02%
Majority 642,478 28.17%
Turnout 2,280,847
Republican hold

Iowa

1924 United States Senate election in Iowa[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Smith W. Brookhart (Incumbent) 447,706 49.55%
Democratic Daniel F. Steck 446,951 49.86%
Independent Republican Luther Brewer 1,124 0.13%
Independent L. E. Eickelberg 535 0.06%
None Scattering 31 0.00%
Majority 755 0.09%
Turnout 896,347
Republican hold

Democrat Daniel F. Steck successfully challenged the election and the Senate awarded Steck the seat on April 12, 1926.

Kansas

1924 United States Senate election in Kansas[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Arthur Capper (Incumbent) 428,494 70.10%
Democratic James Malone 154,189 25.22%
Independent Fred J. Farley 23,266 3.81%
Socialist S. O. Coble 5,340 0.87%
Majority 274,305 44.88%
Turnout 611,289
Republican hold

Kentucky

1924 United States Senate election in Kentucky[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Frederic M. Sackett 406,121 51.56%
Democratic Augustus Owsley Stanley 381,605 48.44%
Majority 24,516 3.12%
Turnout 787,726
Republican gain from Democratic

Louisiana

1924 United States Senate election in Louisiana[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Joseph E. Ransdell (Incumbent) 94,934 100.00%
Democratic hold

Maine

1924 United States Senate election in Maine[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bert M. Fernald (Incumbent) 148,783 60.43%
Democratic Fulton J. Redman 97,428 39.57%
Majority 51,355 20.86%
Turnout 246,211
Republican hold

Massachusetts

-

1924 United States Senate election in Massachusetts[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Frederick H. Gillett 566,188 50.26%
Democratic David I. Walsh (Incumbent) 547,600 48.61%
Workers (Communist) Antoinette Konikow 12,716 1.13%
None All others 22 0.00%
Majority 18588 1.65%
Turnout 1126526
Republican gain from Democratic

Michigan

Michigan (Special)

1924 United States Senate special election in Michigan[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican James J. Couzens 839,569 75.04%
Democratic Mortimer E. Cooley 266,851 23.85%
Prohibition Frank E. Titus 7,452 0.67%
Socialist Labor Logan M. Cunningham 3,360 0.30%
Socialist Albert L. Day 1,555 0.14%
None Scattering 16 0.00%
Majority 572,718 51.19%
Turnout 1,118,803
Republican hold

Michigan (Regular)

Michigan general election[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican James J. Couzens (Incumbent) 858,934 74.26%
Democratic Thomas A. E. Weadock 284,609 24.60%
Prohibition Frank E. Titus 8,330 0.72%
Socialist Labor Logan M. Cunningham 3,080 0.27%
Socialist Albert L. Day 1,619 0.14%
None Scattering 154 0.01%
Majority 574,325 49.66%
Turnout 1,156,726
Republican hold

Minnesota

1924 United States Senate election in Minnesota[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Thomas D. Schall 388,594 46.45%
Farmer–Labor Magnus Johnson (Incumbent) 380,646 45.50%
Democratic John J. Farrell 53,709 6.42%
Beer-Wine Independent Merle Birmingham 8,620 1.03%
Independent Thomas Keefe 4,994 0.60%
Majority 7,948 0.95%
Turnout 836,563
Republican gain from Farmer–Labor

Mississippi

1924 United States Senate election in Mississippi[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Pat Harrison (Incumbent) 97,243 100.00%
Democratic hold

Montana

Montana election

 
Nominee Thomas J. Walsh Frank Bird Linderman
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 89,681 72,000
Percentage 52.81% 42.40%

County results

U.S. senator before election

Thomas J. Walsh
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Thomas J. Walsh
Democratic

Incumbent Democrat Thomas J. Walsh, who was first elected to the Senate in 1912 by the state legislature (as was the practice then), and re-elected in 1918 by popular vote (in accordance with the 17th Amendment), ran for re-election. He was unopposed in the Democratic primary.

He faced former State Representative Frank Bird Linderman and several other opponents in the general election. Walsh ultimately won re-election to his third term by a solid margin.

1924 United States Senate election in Montana[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Thomas J. Walsh (Incumbent) 89,681 52.81%
Republican Frank B. Linderman 72,000 42.40%
Farmer–Labor J. W. Anderson 7,370 4.34%
Socialist Charles F. Juttner 522 0.31%
Independent Sam W. Teagarden 248 0.15%
Majority 17,681 10.41%
Turnout 169,821
Democratic hold

Nebraska

1924 United States Senate election in Nebraska[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George W. Norris (Incumbent) 274,647 62.56%
Democratic J. J. Thomas 164,370 37.44%
Majority 110,277 25.12%
Turnout 439,017
Republican hold

New Hampshire

1924 United States Senate election in New Hampshire[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Henry W. Keyes (Incumbent) 94,432 59.76%
Democratic George E. Farrand 63,596 40.24%
Majority 30,836 19.52%
Turnout 158,028
Republican hold

New Jersey

1924 United States Senate election in New Jersey[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Walter Evans Edge (Incumbent) 608,020 61.84%
Democratic Frederick W. Donnelly 331,034 33.67%
Progressive George L. Record 37,795 3.84%
Prohibition Day 3,961 0.40%
Workers Vollgraf 1,127 0.11%
Socialist Labor John C. Butterworth 1,000 0.10%
Communist Loew 238 0.02%
Majority 276,986 28.17%
Turnout 983,175
Republican hold

New Mexico

1924 United States Senate election in New Mexico[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Sam G. Bratton 57,355 51.25%
Republican Holm O. Bursum (Incumbent) 54,558 48.75%
Majority 2,797 2.50%
Turnout 111,913
Democratic gain from Republican

North Carolina

1924 United States Senate election in North Carolina[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Furnifold McLendel Simmons (Incumbent) 295,404 61.57%
Republican A. A. Whitener 184,393 38.43%
Majority 111,011 23.14%
Turnout 479,797
Democratic hold

Oklahoma

1924 United States Senate election in Oklahoma[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican William B. Pine (Incumbent) 341,518 61.65%
Democratic John C. Walton 196,473 35.47%
Farmer–Labor George Wilson 15,936 2.88%
Majority 145,045 26.18%
Turnout 553,927
Republican gain from Democratic

Oregon

1924 United States Senate election in Oregon[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charles L. McNary (Incumbent) 174,672 65.96%
Democratic Milton A. Miller 65,340 24.67%
Progressive F. E. Coulter 20,379 7.70%
Socialist Labor R. Robinson 4,412 1.67%
Majority 109,332 41.29%
Turnout 264,803
Republican hold

Rhode Island

Rhode Island (Special)

1924 United States Senate election in Rhode Island[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jesse H. Metcalf (Incumbent) 116,572 56.38%
Democratic William S. Flynn 88,138 42.63%
Workers James P. Reid 1,214 0.59%
Liberal Independent Edward M. Sullivan 845 0.41%
Majority 28,434 13.75%
Turnout 206,769
Republican hold

Rhode Island (Regular)

1924 United States Senate election in Rhode Island[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Jesse H. Metcalf (Incumbent) 120,815 57.63%
Democratic William S. Flynn 87,620 41.80%
Liberal Independent Edward M. Sullivan 475 0.23%
Workers James P. Reid 419 0.20%
Socialist Labor Peter McDermott 297 0.14%
Majority 33,195 15.83%
Turnout 209,626
Republican hold

South Carolina

1924 United States Senate election in South Carolina[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Coleman Livingston Blease 50,751 100.00%
Democratic hold

South Dakota

1924 United States Senate election in South Dakota[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican William H. McMaster (Incumbent) 90,310 45.40%
Democratic U. S. G. Cherry 63,818 32.08%
Farmer–Labor Tom Ayres 23,962 12.05%
Independent George Egan 14,390 7.23%
Independent Charles Hall Dillon 3,930 1.98%
Independent Loucks 1,380 0.69%
Independent Don Livingston 1,122 0.56%
Majority 26,492 13.32%
Turnout 198,912
Republican hold

Tennessee

1924 United States Senate election in Tennessee[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Lawrence Tyson 147,871 57.32%
Republican Hugh B. Lindsay 109,859 42.59%
Independent S. B. Williams 242 0.09%
Majority 38,012 14.73%
Turnout 257,972
Democratic hold

Texas

1924 United States Senate election in Texas[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Morris Sheppard (Incumbent) 591,913 85.40%
Republican T. M. Kennerly 101,208 14.60%
Majority 490,705 70.80%
Turnout 693,121
Democratic hold

Virginia

1924 United States Senate election in Virginia[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Carter Glass (Incumbent) 151,498 73.12%
Republican W. N. Noak 50,092 24.18%
Progressive Carroll L. Riker 5,594 2.70%
Majority 101,406 48.94%
Turnout 207,184
Democratic hold

West Virginia

1924 United States Senate election in West Virginia[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Guy D. Goff 290,004 50.92%
Democratic William E. Chilton 271,809 47.72%
Socialist M. S. Holt 7,751 1.36%
Majority 18,195 3.20%
Turnout 569,564
Republican hold

Wyoming

1924 United States Senate election in Wyoming[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Francis E. Warren (Incumbent) 41,293 53.04%
Democratic Robert R. Rose 33,536 43.07%
Progressive G. E. Kindler 2,224 2.86%
Independent William B. Guthrie 805 1.03%
Majority 7,757 9.97%
Turnout 77,858
Republican hold

See also

Notes

  1. Appointee elected

References

  1. This is the only time a Senate election has been overturned after one candidate had already been seated.
  2. "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1924" (PDF). Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
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