1942 United States Senate elections

The United States Senate elections of 1942 were held November 3, 1942, midway through Franklin D. Roosevelt's third term as President.

1942 United States Senate elections

November 3, 1942[1]

33 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Alben Barkley Wallace White
Party Democratic Republican
Leader since July 22, 1937 February 25, 1944
Leader's seat Kentucky Maine
Seats before 65 29
Seats won 57 38
Seat change 8 9
Popular vote 6,329,426 6,661,196
Percentage 46.7% 49.2%
Swing 0.8% 1.4%
Seats up 23 9
Races won 15 17

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Progressive Independent
Seats before 1 1
Seats won 1 0
Seat change 1
Popular vote [?] [?]
Percentage [?] [?]
Seats up 0 1
Races won 0 0

Results of the elections:
     Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     No election

Majority Leader before election

Alben Barkley
Democratic

Elected Majority Leader

Alben Barkley
Democratic

Background

Although this election took place during World War II, the opposition Republican party made major gains, taking eight seats from the Democrats and one from an independent. The Democrats nonetheless retained a significant majority, though the smallest since Roosevelt was first elected in 1932.

The New York Times ascribed the results to "voters' dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war, both at home and abroad" but not evidence of a lack of enthusiasm for the war effort. It found that a candidate's stance as isolationist or interventionist before Pearl Harbor had little impact on his success at the polls.[2] The paper's editorial board welcomed a return to normal political alignments after the unbalanced majorities of the previous decade.[3] The election not only changed the numbers of Democrats and Republicans in the Senate, but also accomplished an ideological shift, as several longtime enthusiastic supporters of the New Deal were replaced by Republicans of the most conservative sort.[4]

Gains and losses

Republicans had a net gain of nine seats.

Nine came from wins over Democrats:

  1. Delaware: First-term Democrat James H. Hughes lost renomination to E. Ennalls Berl, who then lost the general election to Republican C. Douglass Buck.
  2. Iowa: First-term Democrat Clyde L. Herring lost re-election to Republican George A. Wilson.
  3. Michigan: First-term Democrat Prentiss M. Brown narrowly lost re-election to Republican Homer Ferguson.
  4. New Jersey: First-term Democrat William H. Smathers lost re-election to Republican Albert W. Hawkes.
  5. Oklahoma: First-term Democrat Joshua B. Lee lost re-election to Republican Edward H. Moore.
  6. South Dakota: Second-term Democrat William J. Bulow lost renomination to Tom Berry, who then lost the general election to Republican Harlan J. Bushfield.
  7. West Virginia: First-term Democratic appointee Joseph Rosier retired and Republican Edward H. Moore easily beat Democratic former three-term senator Matthew M. Neely.
  8. Wyoming: First-term Democrat Henry H. Schwartz lost re-election to Republican Edward V. Robertson.

Republicans picked up an Independent seat:

  1. Nebraska: Five-term Independent George W. Norris lost re-election to Republican Kenneth S. Wherry, as Democrat Foster May split the vote.

Also, in a special election, Republicans gained a seat from the Democrats, which would later be held by a different Republican from the general election, see above:

  1. West Virginia: First-term Democratic appointee Joseph Rosier lost election to finish the term to Republican Hugh Shott, who did not run for the next term.

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1942.

  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 D40 D41 D42
Nev. (sp)
Ran
D43
Ran
D44
Ran
D45
Ran
D46
Ran
D47
Ran
D48
Ran
Majority → D49
Ran
D58
Ran
D57
W.Va. (reg) &
W.Va. (sp)
Ran
D56
Ran
D55
Ran
D54
Ran
D53
Ran
D52
Ran
D51
Ran
D50
Ran
D59
Ran
D60
Ran
D61
Ran
D62
Ran
D63
Ran
D64
Retired
D65
Retired
P1 I1
Ran
R29
Ran
R19 R20
Colo. (sp)
Ran
R21
Ran
R22
Minn. (sp)
Retired
Minn. (reg)
Ran
R23
Ran
R24
Ran
R25
Ran
R26
Ran
R27
Ran
R28
Ran
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

Election results

  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 D40 D41 D42
Re-elected
D43
Re-elected
D44
Re-elected
D45
Re-elected
D46
Re-elected
D47
Re-elected
D48
Re-elected
Majority → D49
Re-elected
P1 D57
Hold
D56
Hold
D55
Nev. (sp)
Hold
D54
Re-elected
D53
Re-elected
D52
Re-elected
D51
Re-elected
D50
Re-elected
R38
Gain
R37
Gain
R36
Gain
R35
Gain
R34
W.Va. (reg) &
W.Va. (sp)
Gain
R33
Gain
R32
Gain
R31
Gain
R30
Gain
R29
Re-elected
R19 R20
Colo. (sp)
Elected[lower-alpha 1]
R21
Minn. (sp)
Hold
Minn. (reg)
Elected[lower-alpha 1]
R22
Re-elected
R23
Re-elected
R24
Re-elected
R25
Re-elected
R26
Re-elected
R27
Re-elected
R28
Re-elected
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
Key:
D# Democratic
P# Progressive
R# Republican
I# Independent

Race summaries

Special elections during the 77th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1942 or before January 3, 1943; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Colorado
Class 3
Eugene Millikin Republican 1941 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected November 3, 1942.
Minnesota
Class 2
Joseph H. Ball Republican 1940 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected November 3, 1942.
Republican hold.
Winner did not run for the next term, see below.
Nevada
Class 1
Berkeley L. Bunker Democratic 1940 (Appointed) Appointee lost nomination to finish term.
New senator elected November 3, 1942 and qualified December 7, 1942.[5]
Democratic hold.
West Virginia
Class 2
Joseph Rosier Democratic 1941 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost election to finish term.
New senator elected November 3, 1942 and qualified November 17, 1942.[6]
Neither candidate ran in the contemporaneous election for the next term, see below.
Republican gain.

Races leading to the 78th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 1943; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Alabama John H. Bankhead II Democratic 1930
1936
Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas Lloyd Spencer Democratic 1941 (Appointed) Incumbent retired.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Colorado Edwin C. Johnson Democratic 1936 Incumbent re-elected.
Delaware James H. Hughes Democratic 1936 Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Georgia Richard Russell Jr. Democratic 1932 (Special)
1936
Incumbent re-elected.
Idaho John W. Thomas Republican 1939 (Appointed)
1940 (Special)
Incumbent re-elected.
Illinois Charles W. Brooks Republican 1940 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
Iowa Clyde L. Herring Democratic 1936 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Kansas Arthur Capper Republican 1918
1924
1930
1936
Incumbent re-elected.
Kentucky Happy Chandler Democratic 1939 (Appointed)
1940 (Special)
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Happy Chandler (Democratic) 55.3%
  • Richard J. Colbert (Republican) 44.7%
Louisiana Allen J. Ellender Democratic 1936 Incumbent re-elected.
Maine Wallace H. White Jr. Republican 1930
1936
Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Republican 1936 Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan Prentiss M. Brown Democratic 1936
1936 (Appointed)
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Minnesota Joseph H. Ball Republican 1940 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected.
Winner did not run to finish the term, see above.
Mississippi Wall Doxey Democratic 1941 (Special) Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Democratic hold.
Montana James E. Murray Democratic 1934 (Special)
1936
Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska George W. Norris Independent 1913
1918
1924
1930
1936
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
New Hampshire Styles Bridges Republican 1936 Incumbent re-elected.
New Jersey William H. Smathers Democratic 1936 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
New Mexico Carl Hatch Democratic 1933 (Appointed)
1934 (Special)
1936
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Carl Hatch (Democratic) 59.2%
  • J. Benson Newell (Republican) 40.8%
North Carolina Josiah Bailey Democratic 1936 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Josiah Bailey (Democratic) 65.9%
  • Sam J. Morris (Republican) 34.1%
Oklahoma Joshua B. Lee Democratic 1936 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Oregon Charles L. McNary Republican 1917 (Appointed)
1918 (Not elected)
1918 (Appointed)
1918
1924
1930
1936
Incumbent re-elected.
Rhode Island Theodore F. Green Democratic 1936 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina Burnet R. Maybank Democratic 1941 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
South Dakota William J. Bulow Democratic 1930
1936
Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Tennessee Tom Stewart Democratic 1938 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Tom Stewart (Democratic) 70.5%
  • F. Todd Meacham (Republican) 21.5%
Texas W. Lee O'Daniel Democratic 1941 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia Carter Glass Democratic 1920 (Appointed)
1920 (Special)
1924
1930
1936
Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia Joseph Rosier Democratic 1941 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.
Winner did not run to finish the term, see above.
Wyoming Henry H. Schwartz Democratic 1936 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected.
Republican gain.

Alabama

1942 United States Senate election in Alabama[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic John H. Bankhead II (incumbent) 69,212 100.00%
Democratic hold

Arkansas

1942 United States Senate election in Arkansas[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic John L. McClellan (unopposed) 99,124 100.00%
Democratic hold

Colorado

There were 2 elections in Colorado.

Colorado (Regular)

Colorado general election (Class 2)[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Edwin C. Johnson (Incumbent) 174,612 50.23%
Republican Ralph Lawrence Carr 170,970 49.19%
Socialist Carle Whithead 1,387 0.40%
Communist James Allander 627 0.18%
Majority 3,642 1.04%
Turnout 347,596
Democratic hold

Colorado (Special)

Colorado special election (Class 3)[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Eugene Millikin (Incumbent) 191,517 56.12%
Democratic James A. Marsh 143,817 42.14%
Independent Lewis Haley Tiley 4,262 1.25%
Socialist Edgar P. Sherman 1,664 0.49%
Majority 48,700 13.98%
Turnout 341,260
Republican hold

Delaware

1942 United States Senate election in Delaware[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican C. Douglass Buck 46,210 54.17%
Democratic E. Ennalls Berl 38,322 44.92%
Prohibition Thomas J. Sard 776 0.91%
Majority 7,888 9.25%
Turnout 85,308
Republican gain from Democratic

Georgia

1942 United States Senate election in Georgia[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard Russell Jr. (incumbent) 59,870 96.94%
Independent LeVert Dwyer Shivers 1,892 3.06%
Majority 57,978 93.88%
Turnout 61,762
Democratic hold

Idaho

1942 United States Senate election in Idaho[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican John W. Thomas (incumbent) 73,353 51.53%
Democratic Glen H. Taylor 68,989 48.47%
Majority
Turnout
Republican hold

Illinois

Illinois election

 
Nominee Charles W. Brooks Raymond S. McKeough
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,582,887 1,380,011
Percentage 53.24% 46.41%

U.S. senator before election

Charles W. Brooks
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Charles W. Brooks
Republican

Illinois election[7][8]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charles W. Brooks (Incumbent) 1,582,887 53.24%
Democratic Raymond S. McKeough 1,380,011 46.41%
Prohibition Enoch A. Holtwick 10,331 0.35%
Write-in Others 32 0.00%
Majority 202,876 6.83%
Turnout 2,973,261
Republican hold

Iowa

1942 United States Senate election in Iowa[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George A. Wilson 410,383 57.97%
Democratic Clyde L. Herring (incumbent) 295,194 41.70%
Prohibition M. M. Heptonstall 1,461 0.21%
Progressive New Dealer Ernest J. Seeman 821 0.12%
None Scattering 4 0.00%
Majority 115,189 16.27%
Turnout 707,863
Republican gain from Democratic

Kansas

1942 United States Senate election in Kansas[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Arthur Capper (incumbent) 284,059 57.11%
Democratic George McGill 200,437 40.30%
Prohibition C. Floyd Hester 12,863 2.59%
Majority 83,622 16.81%
Turnout 497,359
Republican hold

Kentucky

1942 United States Senate election in Kentucky[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Happy Chandler (incumbent) 216,958 55.34%
Republican Richard J. Colbert 175,081 44.66%
Majority 41,877 10.68%
Turnout 392,023
Democratic hold

Louisiana

1942 United States Senate election in Louisiana[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Allen J. Ellender (incumbent) 85,488 100.00%
Democratic hold

Maine

1942 United States Senate election in Maine[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Wallace H. White Jr. (incumbent) 111,520 66.67%
Democratic Fulton J. Redman 55,754 33.33%
Majority 65,766 33.34%
Turnout 167,274
Republican hold

Massachusetts

General election
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. 721,239 52.44 +3.91
Democratic Joseph E. Casey 641,042 46.61 +5.62
Socialist George Lyman Paine 4,802 0.35 -0.19
Socialist Labor Horace I. Hillis 4,781 0.35 +0.35
Prohibition George L. Thompson 3,577 0.26 +0.26
Majority 80197 5.83%
Turnout 1,375,441
Republican hold Swing

Michigan

1942 United States Senate election in Michigan[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Homer S. Ferguson 589,652 49.55%
Democratic Prentiss M. Brown (incumbent) 561,595 47.19%
Republican Gerald L. K. Smith (sticker) 32,173 2.70%
Prohibition Leroy M. Powell 6,526 0.55%
None Scattering 20 0.00%
Majority 28,057 2.36%
Turnout 1,189,966
Republican gain from Democratic

Minnesota

There were two elections to the class 2 seat due to the August 31, 1940 death of Farmer–Laborite Ernest Lundeen. Republican Joseph H. Ball was appointed October 14, 1940 to continue the term, pending the special election. Ball was elected to the next term in the general election, but not to finish the current term in the special election.

Minnesota (Special)

Minnesota special election[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Arthur E. Nelson (incumbent) 372,240 56.12%
Farmer–Labor Al Hansen 177,008 26.68%
Democratic John E. O’Rourke 114,086 17.20%
Majority 195,232 29.44%
Turnout 663,334
Republican hold

Minnesota (Regular)

Minnesota general election[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Joseph H. Ball (Incumbent) 356,297 46.98%
Farmer–Labor Elmer A. Benson 213,965 28.21%
Independent Martin A. Nelson 109,226 14.40%
Democratic Ed Murphy 78,959 10.41%
Majority 142,232 18.77%
Turnout 758,447
Republican hold

Mississippi

1942 United States Senate election in Mississippi[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic James Eastland (incumbent) 51,355 100.00%
Democratic hold

Montana

1942 United States Senate election in Montana[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic James E. Murray (inc.) 83,673 49.07% -5.91%
Republican Wellington D. Rankin 82,461 48.36% +21.25%
Prohibition Charles R. Miller 2,711 1.59%
Socialist E. H. Helterbran 1,669 0.98%
Majority 1,212 0.71% -27.16%
Turnout 170,514
Democratic hold Swing

Nebraska

1942 United States Senate election in Nebraska[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Kenneth S. Wherry 186,207 48.97%
Independent George W. Norris (incumbent) 108,899 28.64%
Democratic Foster May 83,768 22.03%
Independent Albert F. Ruthven 1,348 0.35%
Majority 77,308 20.33%
Turnout 380,222
Republican gain from Independent

Nevada (Special)

1942 United States Senate special election in Nevada[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic James G. Scrugham 23,805 58.72%
Republican Cecil W. Creel 16,735 41.28%
Majority 7,070 17.44%
Turnout 40,540
Democratic hold

New Hampshire

1942 United States Senate election in New Hampshire[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Styles Bridges (incumbent) 88,601 54.61%
Democratic Francis P. Murphy 73,656 45.39%
Majority 14,945 9.22%
Turnout 162,257
Republican hold

New Jersey

1942 United States Senate election in New Jersey[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Albert W. Hawkes 648,855 53.09%
Democratic William H. Smathers (incumbent) 559,851 45.81%
Socialist William L. Becker 6,775 0.55%
Progressive Independent Lorenzo Harris 3,224 0.26%
Prohibition Elmo L. Bateman 1,438 0.12%
Socialist Labor John C. Butterworth 1,310 0.11%
Socialist Workers George Breitman 679 0.06%
Majority 89,004 7.28%
Turnout 1,222,132
Republican gain from Democratic

New Mexico

1942 United States Senate election in New Mexico[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Carl Hatch (incumbent) 63,301 52.41%
Republican J. Benson Newell 57,474 47.59%
Majority 5,827 4.82%
Turnout 120,775
Democratic hold

North Carolina

1942 United States Senate election in North Carolina[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Josiah Bailey (incumbent) 230,427 65.91%
Republican Sam J. Morris 119,165 34.09%
Majority 111,262 31.82%
Turnout 349,592
Democratic hold

Oklahoma

1942 United States Senate election in Oklahoma[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Edward H. Moore 204,163 54.83%
Democratic Joshua B. Lee (incumbent) 166,653 44.76%
Prohibition Oliver W. Lawton 1,549 0.42%
Majority 37,510 10.07%
Turnout 372,365
Republican gain from Democratic

Oregon

1942 United States Senate election in Oregon[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Charles L. McNary (incumbent) 214,755 77.06%
Democratic Walter W. Whitbeck 63,946 22.94%
Majority 150,809 54.12%
Turnout 278,701
Republican hold

Rhode Island

1942 United States Senate election in Rhode Island[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Theodore F. Green (incumbent) 138,247 57.97%
Republican Ira Lloyd Letts 100,240 42.03%
Majority 38,007 15.94%
Turnout
Democratic hold

South Carolina

South Carolina U.S. Senate Election, 1942
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Burnet R. Maybank (incumbent) 22,556 100.0 0.0
No party Write-Ins 2 0.0 0.0
Majority 22,554 100.0 0.0
Turnout 22,558
Democratic hold
  65+% won by Maybank

South Dakota

1942 United States Senate election in South Dakota[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Harlan J. Bushfield (incumbent) 106,704 58.74%
Democratic Tom Berry 74,945 41.26%
Majority 31,759 17.48%
Turnout 181,649
Republican gain from Democratic

Tennessee

1942 United States Senate election in Tennessee[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Tom Stewart (incumbent) 109,881 68.88%
Republican F. Todd Meacham 34,324 21.52%
Independent John Randolph Neal, Jr. 15,317 9.60%
Majority 75,557 47.36%
Turnout 159,522
Democratic hold

Texas

1942 United States Senate election in Texas[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic W. Lee O'Daniel (incumbent) 260,629 94.90%
Republican Dudley Lawson 12,064 4.39%
People’s Unity Charles L. Somerville 1,934 0.70%
Majority 248,565 90.51%
Turnout 274,627
Democratic hold

Virginia

1942 United States Senate election in Virginia[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Carter Glass (inc.) 79,421 91.08% +0.58%
Socialist Lawrence S. Wilkes 5,690 6.53% +6.53%
Communist Alice Burke 2,041 2.34% -1.00%
Write-ins 48 <0.01% -0.07%
Majority 73,731 84.55% -2.40%
Turnout 87,200
Democratic hold

West Virginia

There were 2 elections to the class 2 seat due to the January 12, 1941 resignation of Democrat Matthew M. Neely who was elected Governor of West Virginia. Democrat Joseph Rosier was appointed January 13, 1941 to continue the term, pending the special election.

West Virginia (Special)

West Virginia special election [7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Hugh Ike Shott 227,469 52.27%
Democratic Joseph Rosier (Incumbent) 207,678 47.73%
Majority 19,791 4.54%
Turnout 435,147
Republican gain from Democratic

West Virginia (Regular)

West Virginia general election[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Chapman Revercomb 256,816 55.36%
Democratic Matthew M. Neely 207,045 44.64%
Majority 49,771 10.72%
Turnout 463,861
Republican gain from Democratic

Wyoming

1942 United States Senate election in Wyoming[7]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Edward V. Robertson (incumbent) 41,486 54.59%
Democratic Henry H. Schwartz (incumbent) 34,503 45.41%
Majority 6,983 9.18%
Turnout 75,989
Republican gain from Democratic

See also

Notes

  1. Appointee elected

References

  1. There was a general election September 14, 1942 in Maine.
  2. Lawrence, W.H. (November 5, 1942). "Margin is Narrow" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  3. "The New Congress" (PDF). The New York Times. November 5, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  4. Malsberger, John W. (2000). From Obstruction to Moderation: The Transformation of Senate Conservatism, 1938-1952. Susquehanna University Press. p. 100. ISBN 9781575910260. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  5. "NV US Senate - Special". Our Campaigns. August 2, 2003. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  6. "WV US Senate - Special". Our Campaigns. June 19, 2004. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  7. "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1942" (PDF). Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  8. "OFFICIAL VOTE of the STATE OF ILLINOIS Cast at the GENERAL ELECTION, November 3, 1942 JUDICIAL ELECTIONS, 1941-1942 PRIMARY ELECTION GENERAL PRIMARY, April 14, 1942" (PDF). Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
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