World Junior Figure Skating Championships

The World Junior Figure Skating Championships ("World Juniors" or "Junior Worlds") is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters within a designated age range compete for the title of World Junior champion. The ISU guidelines for junior eligibility have varied throughout the years – currently, skaters must be at least 13 years old but not yet 19 before the previous 1 July, except for men competing in pair skating and ice dancing where the age maximum is 21.

This event is one of the four annual ISU figure skating Championships and is considered the most prestigious international competition for juniors. Medals are awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

History

The first World Junior Championships were held in March 1976 in Megève, France, and were originally named the "ISU Junior Figure Skating Championships". In 1977 the championships were held again under the same name at the same place. In 1978 these championships were officially renamed the "World Junior Figure Skating Championships", and held once again in Megève, France. Since then, the location has changed each year.

From its inception until 1980, the World Junior Championships were held in the spring. In 1981, the timing was changed to the November or December of the previous calendar year. In 2000, the timing was changed back to its previous form and the World Junior Championships were once again held in the spring.

Qualifying

Skaters qualify for the World Junior Championships by belonging to an ISU member nation. Each country is allowed one entry in every discipline by default. The most entries a country can have in a single discipline is three. Countries earn a second or third entry for the following year's competition by earning points through skater placement. The points are equal to the sum of the placements of the country's skaters (top two if they have three). Entries do not carry over and so countries must continue to earn their second or third spot every year. If a country only has one skater/team, that skater/team must place in the top ten to earn a second entry and in the top two to earn three entries to next year's championships. If a country has two skaters/teams, the combined placement of those teams must be 13 or less to qualify 3 entries, and 28 or less to keep their two entries. If they do not do so, they only have one entry for the following year.

Which skaters from each country attend the World Junior Championships is at the national governing body's discretion. Some countries rely on the results of their national championships while others have more varied criteria. Selections vary by country.

Skaters must be older than 13 and less than 19 (or less than 21 for male pair skaters and ice dancers) by 1 July of the previous year. For example, to compete at the 2010 Junior Worlds, skaters had to be at least 13 and younger than 19 (or 21) by 1 July 2009. A skater must turn 13 before 1 July in their place of birth, e.g. Adelina Sotnikova was born a few hours into 1 July 1996 in Moscow and was not eligible to compete at the 2010 event.[1]

Medalists

Men[2]

Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
1976 Megève Mark Cockerell Takashi Mura Brian Pockar
1977 Megève Daniel Beland Mark Pepperday Richard Furrer
1978 Megève Dennis Coi Vladimir Kotin Brian Boitano
1979 Augsburg Vitali Egorov Bobby Beauchamp Alexander Fadeev
1980 Megève Alexander Fadeev Vitali Egorov Falko Kirsten
1981 London, Ontario Paul Wylie Yuri Bureiko Scott Williams
1982 Oberstdorf Scott Williams Paul Guerrero Alexander König
1983 Sarajevo Christopher Bowman Philippe Roncoli Nils Köpp
1984 Sapporo Viktor Petrenko Marc Ferland Tom Cierniak
1985 Colorado Springs Erik Larson Vladimir Petrenko Rudy Galindo
1986 Sarajevo Vladimir Petrenko Rudy Galindo Yuriy Tsymbalyuk
1987 Kitchener Rudy Galindo Todd Eldredge Yuriy Tsymbalyuk
1988 Brisbane Todd Eldredge Viacheslav Zagorodniuk Yuriy Tsymbalyuk
1989 Sarajevo Viacheslav Zagorodniuk Shepherd Clark Masakazu Kagiyama
1990 Colorado Springs Igor Pashkevich Alexei Urmanov John Baldwin Jr.
1991 Budapest Vasili Eremenko Alexander Abt Nicolas Pétorin
1992 Hull Dmitri Dmitrenko Konstantin Kostin Damon Allen
1993 Seoul Evgeni Pliuta Michael Weiss Ilia Kulik
1994 Colorado Springs Michael Weiss Naoki Shigematsu Jere Michael
1995 Budapest Ilia Kulik Thierry Cerez Seiichi Suzuki
1996 Brisbane Alexei Yagudin Takeshi Honda Guo Zhengxin
1997 Seoul Evgeni Plushenko Timothy Goebel Guo Zhengxin
1998 Saint John Derrick Delmore Sergei Davydov Li Yunfei
1999 Zagreb Ilia Klimkin Vincent Restencourt Yosuke Takeuchi
2000 Oberstdorf Stefan Lindemann Vincent Restencourt Matthew Savoie
2001 Sofia Johnny Weir Evan Lysacek Vincent Restencourt
2002 Hamar Daisuke Takahashi Kevin van der Perren Stanislav Timchenko
2003 Ostrava Alexander Shubin Evan Lysacek Alban Préaubert
2004 The Hague Andrei Griazev Evan Lysacek Jordan Brauninger
2005 Kitchener Nobunari Oda Yannick Ponsero Sergei Dobrin
2006 Ljubljana Takahiko Kozuka Sergei Voronov Yannick Ponsero
2007 Oberstdorf Stephen Carriere Patrick Chan Sergei Voronov
2008 Sofia Adam Rippon Artem Borodulin Guan Jinlin
2009 Sofia Adam Rippon Michal Březina Artem Grigoriev
2010 The Hague Yuzuru Hanyu Song Nan Artur Gachinski
2011 Gangneung Andrei Rogozine Keiji Tanaka Alexander Majorov
2012 Minsk Yan Han Joshua Farris Jason Brown
2013 Milan Joshua Farris Jason Brown Shotaro Omori
2014 Sofia Nam Nguyen Adian Pitkeev Nathan Chen
2015 Tallinn Shoma Uno Jin Boyang Sōta Yamamoto
2016 Debrecen Daniel Samohin Nicolas Nadeau Tomoki Hiwatashi
2017 Taipei Vincent Zhou Dmitri Aliev Alexander Samarin
2018 Sofia Alexey Erokhov Artur Danielian Matteo Rizzo
2019 Zagreb Tomoki Hiwatashi Roman Savosin Daniel Grassl
2020 Tallinn Andrei Mozalev Yuma Kagiyama Petr Gumennik

Ladies[3]

Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
1976 Megève Suzie Brasher Garnet Ostermeier Tracey Solomons
1977 Megève Carolyn Skoczen Christa Jorda Corine Wyrsch
1978 Megève Jill Sawyer Kira Ivanova Petra Ernert
1979 Augsburg Elaine Zayak Manuela Ruben Jacki Farrell
1980 Megève Rosalynn Sumners Kay Thomson Carola Paul
1981 London, Ontario Tiffany Chin Marina Serova Anna Antonova
1982 Oberstdorf Janina Wirth Cornelia Tesch Elizabeth Manley
1983 Sarajevo Simone Koch Karin Hendschke Parthena Sarafidis
1984 Sapporo Karin Hendschke Simone Koch Midori Ito
1985 Colorado Springs Tatiana Andreeva Susanne Becher Natalia Gorbenko
1986 Sarajevo Natalia Gorbenko Susanne Becher Linda Florkevich
1987 Kitchener Cindy Bortz Susanne Becher Shannon Allison
1988 Brisbane Kristi Yamaguchi Junko Yaginuma Yukiko Kashihara
1989 Sarajevo Jessica Mills Junko Yaginuma Surya Bonaly
1990 Colorado Springs Yuka Sato Surya Bonaly Tanja Krienke
1991 Budapest Surya Bonaly Lisa Ervin Chen Lu
1992 Hull Laëtitia Hubert Lisa Ervin Chen Lu
1993 Seoul Kumiko Koiwai Lisa Ervin Tanja Szewczenko
1994 Colorado Springs Michelle Kwan Krisztina Czakó Irina Slutskaya
1995 Budapest Irina Slutskaya Elena Ivanova Krisztina Czakó
1996 Brisbane Elena Ivanova Elena Pingacheva Nadezhda Kanaeva
1997 Seoul Sydne Vogel Elena Sokolova Elena Ivanova
1998 Saint John Julia Soldatova Elena Ivanova Viktoria Volchkova
1999 Zagreb Daria Timoshenko Sarah Hughes Viktoria Volchkova
2000 Oberstdorf Jennifer Kirk Deanna Stellato Sarah Meier
2001 Sofia Kristina Oblasova Ann Patrice McDonough Susanna Pöykiö
2002 Hamar Ann Patrice McDonough Yukari Nakano Miki Ando
2003 Ostrava Yukina Ota Miki Ando Carolina Kostner
2004 The Hague Miki Ando Kimmie Meissner Katy Taylor
2005 Kitchener Mao Asada Yuna Kim Emily Hughes
2006 Ljubljana Yuna Kim Mao Asada Christine Zukowski
2007 Oberstdorf Caroline Zhang Mirai Nagasu Ashley Wagner
2008 Sofia Rachael Flatt Caroline Zhang Mirai Nagasu
2009 Sofia Alena Leonova Caroline Zhang Ashley Wagner
2010 The Hague Kanako Murakami Agnes Zawadzki Polina Agafonova
2011 Gangneung Adelina Sotnikova Elizaveta Tuktamysheva Agnes Zawadzki
2012 Minsk Yulia Lipnitskaya Gracie Gold Adelina Sotnikova
2013 Milan Elena Radionova Yulia Lipnitskaya Anna Pogorilaya
2014 Sofia Elena Radionova Serafima Sakhanovich Evgenia Medvedeva
2015 Tallinn Evgenia Medvedeva Serafima Sakhanovich Wakaba Higuchi
2016 Debrecen Marin Honda Maria Sotskova Wakaba Higuchi
2017 Taipei Alina Zagitova Marin Honda Kaori Sakamoto
2018 Sofia Alexandra Trusova Alena Kostornaia Mako Yamashita
2019 Zagreb Alexandra Trusova Anna Shcherbakova Ting Cui
2020 Tallinn Kamila Valieva Daria Usacheva Alysa Liu

Pairs[4]

Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
1976 Megève Sherri Baier / Robin Cowan Lorene Mitchell / Donald Mitchell Elizabeth Cain / Peter Cain
1977 Megève Josée France / Paul Mills Elga Balk / Gavin MacPhersonNo other competitors
1978 Megève Barbara Underhill / Paul Martini Jana Bláhová / Luděk Feňo Beth Flora / Ken Flora
1979 Augsburg Veronika Pershina / Marat Akbarov Larisa Selezneva / Oleg Makarov Lori Baier / Lloyd Eisler
1980 Megève Larisa Selezneva / Oleg Makarov Marina Nikitiuk / Rashid Kadyrkaev Kathia Dubec / Xavier Douillard
1981 London, Ontario Larisa Selezneva / Oleg Makarov Lorri Baier / Lloyd Eisler Marina Nikitiuk / Rashid Kadyrkaev
1982 Oberstdorf Marina Avstriyskaya / Yuri Kvashnin Inna Bekker / Sergei Likhanski Babette Preussler / Torsten Ohlow
1983 Sarajevo Marina Avstriyskaya / Yuri Kvashnin Peggy Seidel / Ralf Seifert Inna Bekker / Sergei Likhanski
1984 Sapporo Manuela Landgraf / Ingo Steuer Susan Dungjen / Jason Dungjen Olga Neizvestnaya / Sergei Khudiakov
1985 Colorado Springs Ekaterina Gordeeva / Sergei Grinkov Irina Mironenko / Dmitri Shkidchenko Elena Gud / Evgeni Koltun
1986 Sarajevo Elena Leonova / Gennadi Krasnitski Irina Mironenko / Dmitri Shkidchenko Ekaterina Murugova / Artem Torgashev
1987 Kitchener Elena Leonova / Gennadi Krasnitski Ekaterina Murugova / Artem Torgashev Kristi Yamaguchi / Rudy Galindo
1988 Brisbane Kristi Yamaguchi / Rudy Galindo Evgenia Chernyshova / Dmitri Sukhanov Yulia Liashenko / Andrei Bushkov
1989 Sarajevo Evgenia Chernyshova / Dmitri Sukhanov Angela Caspari / Marno Kreft Irina Saifutdinova / Alexei Tikhonov
1990 Colorado Springs Natalia Krestianinova / Alexei Torchinski Svetlana Pristav / Viacheslav Tkachenko Jennifer Heurlin / John Frederiksen
1991 Budapest Natalia Krestianinova / Alexei Torchinski Svetlana Pristav / Viacheslav Tkachenko Jennifer Heurlin / John Frederiksen
1992 Hull Natalia Krestianinova / Alexei Torchinski Caroline Haddad / Jean-Sebastien Fecteau Svetlana Pristav / Viacheslav Tkachenko
1993 Seoul Inga Korshunova / Dmitri Saveliev Maria Petrova / Anton Sikharulidze Isabelle Coulombe / Bruno Marcotte
1994 Colorado Springs Maria Petrova / Anton Sikharulidze Caroline Haddad / Jean-Sebastien Fecteau Galina Maniachenko / Evgeni Zhigurski
1995 Budapest Maria Petrova / Anton Sikharulidze Danielle Hartsell / Steve Hartsell Evgenia Filonenko / Igor Marchenko
1996 Brisbane Victoria Maxiuta / Vladislav Zhovnirski Evgenia Filonenko / Igor Marchenko Danielle Hartsell / Steve Hartsell
1997 Seoul Danielle Hartsell / Steve Hartsell Maria Petrova / Teimuraz Pulin Victoria Maxiuta / Vladislav Zhovnirski
1998 Saint John Julia Obertas / Dmytro Palamarchuk Svetlana Nikolaeva / Alexei Sokolov Victoria Maxiuta / Vladislav Zhovnirski
1999 Zagreb Julia Obertas / Dmytro Palamarchuk Laura Handy / Paul Binnebose Victoria Maxiuta / Vladislav Zhovnirski
2000 Oberstdorf Aliona Savchenko / Stanislav Morozov Julia Obertas / Dmitri Palamarchuk Julia Shapiro / Alexei Sokolov
2001 Sofia Zhang Dan / Zhang Hao Yuko Kawaguchi / Alexander Markuntsov Kristen Roth / Michael McPherson
2002 Hamar Elena Riabchuk / Stanislav Zakharov Julia Karbovskaya / Sergei Slavnov Ding Yang / Ren Zhongfei
2003 Ostrava Zhang Dan / Zhang Hao Ding Yang / Ren Zhongfei Jennifer Don / Jonathon Hunt
2004 The Hague Natalia Shestakova / Pavel Lebedev Jessica Dube / Bryce Davison Maria Mukhortova / Maxim Trankov
2005 Kitchener Maria Mukhortova / Maxim Trankov Jessica Dubé / Bryce Davison Tatiana Kokoreva / Egor Golovkin
2006 Ljubljana Julia Vlassov / Drew Meekins Kendra Moyle / Andy Seitz Ksenia Krasilnikova / Konstantin Bezmaternikh
2007 Oberstdorf Keauna McLaughlin / Rockne Brubaker Vera Bazarova / Yuri Larionov Ksenia Krasilnikova / Konstantin Bezmaternikh
2008 Sofia Ksenia Krasilnikova / Konstantin Bezmaternikh Lubov Iliushechkina / Nodari Maisuradze Dong Huibo / Wu Yiming
2009 Sofia Lubov Iliushechkina / Nodari Maisuradze Anastasia Martiusheva / Alexei Rogonov Marissa Castelli / Simon Shnapir
2010 The Hague Sui Wenjing / Han Cong Narumi Takahashi / Mervin Tran Ksenia Stolbova / Fedor Klimov
2011 Gangneung Sui Wenjing / Han Cong Ksenia Stolbova / Fedor Klimov Narumi Takahashi / Mervin Tran
2012 Minsk Sui Wenjing / Han Cong Yu Xiaoyu / Jin Yang Vasilisa Davankova / Andrei Deputat
2013 Milan Haven Denney / Brandon Frazier Margaret Purdy / Michael Marinaro Lina Fedorova / Maxim Miroshkin
2014 Sofia Yu Xiaoyu / Jin Yang Evgenia Tarasova / Vladimir Morozov Maria Vigalova / Egor Zakroev
2015 Tallinn Yu Xiaoyu / Jin Yang Julianne Séguin / Charlie Bilodeau Lina Fedorova / Maxim Miroshkin
2016 Debrecen Anna Dušková / Martin Bidař Anastasia Mishina / Vladislav Mirzoev Ekaterina Borisova / Dmitry Sopot
2017 Taipei Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya / Harley Windsor Aleksandra Boikova / Dmitrii Kozlovskii Gao Yumeng / Xie Zhong
2018 Sofia Daria Pavliuchenko / Denis Khodykin Polina Kostiukovich / Dmitrii Ialin Anastasia Mishina / Aleksandr Galliamov
2019 Zagreb Anastasia Mishina / Aleksandr Galliamov Apollinariia Panfilova / Dmitry Rylov Polina Kostiukovich / Dmitrii Ialin
2020 Tallinn Apollinariia Panfilova / Dmitry Rylov Kseniia Akhanteva / Valerii Kolesov Iuliia Artemeva / Mikhail Nazarychev

Ice dancing[5]

Year Location Gold Silver Bronze
1976 Megève Kathryn Winter / Nicholas Slater Denise Best / David Dagnell Martine Olivier / Yves Tarayre
1977 Megève Wendy Sessions / Mark Reed Karen Barber / Kim Spreyer Marie McNeil / Robert McCall
1978 Megève Tatiana Durasova / Sergei Ponomarenko Kelly Johnson / Kris Barber Nathalie Hervé / Pierre Husarek
1979 Augsburg Tatiana Durasova / Sergei Ponomarenko Elena Batanova / Andrei Antonov Kelly Johnson / Kris Barber
1980 Megève Elena Batanova / Alexei Soloviev Judit Péterfy / Csaba Bálint Renée Roca / Andrew Ouellette
1981 London, Ontario Elena Batanova / Alexei Soloviev Natalia Annenko / Vadim Karkachev Karyn Garossino / Rodney Garossino
1982 Oberstdorf Natalia Annenko / Vadim Karkachev Tatiana Gladkova / Igor Shpilband Lynda Malek / Alexander Miller
1983 Sarajevo Tatiana Gladkova / Igor Shpilband Elena Novikova / Oleg Bliakhman Christina Yatsuhashi / Keith Yatsuhashi
1984 Sapporo Elena Krykanova / Evgeni Platov Christina Yatsuhashi / Keith Yatsuhashi Svetlana Liapina / Georgi Sur
1985 Colorado Springs Elena Krykanova / Evgeni Platov Svetlana Liapina / Georgi Sur Doriane Bontemps / Charles Paliard
1986 Sarajevo Elena Krykanova / Evgeni Platov Svetlana Serkeli / Andrei Zharkov Corinne Paliard / Didier Courtois
1987 Kitchener Ilona Melnichenko / Gennadi Kaskov Oksana Grishuk / Alexander Chichkov Catherine Pal / Donald Godfrey
1988 Brisbane Oksana Grishuk / Alexander Chichkov Irina Antsiferova / Maxim Sevastianov Maria Orlova / Oleg Ovsyannikov
1989 Sarajevo Angelika Kirkhmaier / Dmitri Lagutin Liudmila Berezova / Vladimir Fedorov Marina Morel / Gwendal Peizerat
1990 Colorado Springs Marina Anissina / Ilia Averbukh Elena Kustarova / Sergei Romashkin Marie-France Dubreuil / Bruno Yvars
1991 Budapest Aliki Stergiadu / Yuri Razguliaiev Marina Morel / Gwendal Peizerat Elena Kustarova / Sergei Romashkin
1992 Hull Marina Anissina / Ilia Averbukh Yaroslava Nechaeva / Yuri Chesnichenko Amelie Dion / Alexandre Alain
1993 Seoul Ekaterina Svirina / Sergei Sakhnovski Sylwia Nowak / Sebastian Kolasiński Bérangère Nau / Luc Monéger
1994 Colorado Springs Sylwia Nowak / Sebastian Kolasiński Ekaterina Svirina / Sergei Sakhnovski Agnes Jacquemard / Alexis Gayet
1995 Budapest Olga Sharutenko / Dmitri Naumkin Stéphanie Guardia / Franck Laporte Iwona Filipowicz / Michał Szumski
1996 Brisbane Ekaterina Davydova / Roman Kostomarov Isabelle Delobel / Olivier Schoenfelder Natalia Gudina / Vitali Kurkudym
1997 Seoul Nina Ulanova / Mikhail Stifounin Oksana Potdykova / Denis Petukhov Agata Błażowska / Marcin Kozubek
1998 Saint John Jessica Joseph / Charles Butler Jr. Federica Faiella / Luciano Milo Oksana Potdykova / Denis Petukhov
1999 Zagreb Jamie Silverstein / Justin Pekarek Federica Faiella / Luciano Milo Natalia Romaniuta / Daniil Barantsev
2000 Oberstdorf Natalia Romaniuta / Daniil Barantsev Emilie Nussear / Brandon Forsyth Tanith Belbin / Benjamin Agosto
2001 Sofia Natalia Romaniuta / Daniil Barantsev Tanith Belbin / Benjamin Agosto Elena Khaliavina / Maxim Shabalin
2002 Hamar Tanith Belbin / Benjamin Agosto Elena Khaliavina / Maxim Shabalin Elena Romanovskaya / Alexander Grachev
2003 Ostrava Oksana Domnina / Maxim Shabalin Nóra Hoffmann / Attila Elek Elena Romanovskaya / Alexander Grachev
2004 The Hague Elena Romanovskaya / Alexander Grachev Nóra Hoffmann / Attila Elek Morgan Matthews / Maxim Zavozin
2005 Kitchener Morgan Matthews / Maxim Zavozin Tessa Virtue / Scott Moir Anastasia Gorshkova / Ilia Tkachenko
2006 Ljubljana Tessa Virtue / Scott Moir Natalia Mikhailova / Arkadi Sergeev Meryl Davis / Charlie White
2007 Oberstdorf Ekaterina Bobrova / Dmitri Soloviev Grethe Grünberg / Kristjan Rand Kaitlyn Weaver / Andrew Poje
2008 Sofia Emily Samuelson / Evan Bates Vanessa Crone / Paul Poirier Kristina Gorshkova / Vitali Butikov
2009 Sofia Madison Chock / Greg Zuerlein Maia Shibutani / Alex Shibutani Ekaterina Riazanova / Jonathan Guerreiro
2010 The Hague Elena Ilinykh / Nikita Katsalapov Alexandra Paul / Mitchell Islam Ksenia Monko / Kirill Khaliavin
2011 Gangneung Ksenia Monko / Kirill Khaliavin Ekaterina Pushkash / Jonathan Guerreiro Charlotte Lichtman / Dean Copely
2012 Minsk Victoria Sinitsina / Ruslan Zhiganshin Alexandra Stepanova / Ivan Bukin Alexandra Aldridge / Daniel Eaton
2013 Milan Alexandra Stepanova / Ivan Bukin Gabriella Papadakis / Guillaume Cizeron Alexandra Aldridge / Daniel Eaton
2014 Sofia Kaitlin Hawayek / Jean-Luc Baker Anna Yanovskaya / Sergey Mozgov Madeline Edwards / Zhao Kai Pang
2015 Tallinn Anna Yanovskaya / Sergey Mozgov Lorraine McNamara / Quinn Carpenter Oleksandra Nazarova / Maxim Nikitin
2016 Debrecen Lorraine McNamara / Quinn Carpenter Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons Alla Loboda / Pavel Drozd
2017 Taipei Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons Alla Loboda / Pavel Drozd Christina Carreira / Anthony Ponomarenko
2018 Sofia Anastasia Skoptsova / Kirill Aleshin Christina Carreira / Anthony Ponomarenko Arina Ushakova / Maxim Nekrasov
2019 Zagreb Marjorie Lajoie / Zachary Lagha Elizaveta Khudaiberdieva / Nikita Nazarov Sofia Shevchenko / Igor Eremenko
2020 Tallinn Avonley Nguyen / Vadym Kolesnik Maria Kazakova / Georgy Reviya Elizaveta Shanaeva / Devid Naryzhnyy

Cumulative medal count

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Russia504247139
2 United States453641122
3 Soviet Union37301784
4 Japan12131237
5 Canada10151439
6 China84921
7 East Germany44614
8 Ukraine42410
9 France2101325
10 Great Britain2316
11 Poland1124
12 Czech Republic1102
 South Korea1102
14 Australia1012
 Germany1012
16 Israel1001
17 West Germany0617
18 Hungary0415
19 Italy0235
20 Austria0112
21 Belgium0101
 Czechoslovakia0101
 Estonia0101
 Georgia0101
 South Africa0101
26  Switzerland0033
27 Finland0011
 Sweden0011
Totals (28 nations)180180179539
gollark: Strings are just base-256 bigints.
gollark: This is due to the rotation of certain tellerium icosahedra rotating in 7-dimensional sub-ubqvian ultraspace.
gollark: No, I blame you.
gollark: Incorrect. Chaos theory is sometimes used to analyze memetics, but it's not a subfield of chaos theory any more than the weather is.
gollark: This is consistent with relevant physical/legal laws.

References

  1. Vaytsekhovskaya, Elena (13 December 2010). Елена Буянова: "Сотникова намного лучше, чем была я" [Elena Buianova: "Sotnikova is much better than I was"]. sport-express.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 19 December 2010.
  2. "ISU Results: Men" (PDF). (9.06 KB)
  3. "ISU Results: Ladies" (PDF). (8.88 KB)
  4. "ISU Results: Pairs" (PDF). (10.5 KB)
  5. "ISU Results: Dance" (PDF). (11.0 KB)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.