Whiptail stingray

The whiptail stingrays are a family, the Dasyatidae, of rays in the order Myliobatiformes. They are found worldwide in tropical to temperate marine waters, and a number of species have also penetrated into fresh water in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Members of this family have flattened pectoral fin discs that range from oval to diamond-like in shape. Their common name comes from their whip-like tails, which are much longer than the disc and lack dorsal and caudal fins. All whiptail stingrays, except the porcupine ray (Urogymnus asperrimus), have one or more venomous stings near the base of the tail, which is used in defense. They range in size from 0.18 to 2.0 m (0.59 to 6.56 ft) or more across.

Whiptail stingrays
Temporal range: Hauterivian–Recent[1]
Southern stingray (Dasyatis americana)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Order: Myliobatiformes
Suborder: Myliobatoidei
Family: Dasyatidae
D. S. Jordan, 1888

Genera

The taxonomy of Dasyatidae was revised by Peter Last, Gavin Naylor, and Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto in 2016, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. The placement of Megatrygon within the family is provisional pending further research, as evidence suggests it may be more closely related to the families Potamotrygonidae and Urotrygonidae than to other dasyatids.[2]

Phylogeny
Dasyatidae
Pastinachinae

Pastinachus

 
 
Urogymninae
 

Fontitrygon

 
 
 

Urogymnus

 
 
 
 

Brevitrygon

 
 

Fluvitrygon

 
 
 
 

Pateobatis

 
 
 

Maculabatis

 
 

Himantura

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Neotrygoninae
 

Neotrygon

 
 

Taeniura

 
 
Dasyatinae
 

Hypanus

 
 
 
 

Dasyatis

 
 

Taeniurops

 
 
 
 
 

Bathytoshia

 
 

Pteroplatytrygon

 
 
 
 

Hemitrygon

 
 

Telatrygon

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Phylogenetic relationships of dasyatid genera, based on mitochondrial DNA (Makararaja not included; Megatrygon does not cluster within the family).[2]
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See also

References
  1. Puckridge M, Last PR, White WT, Andreakis N (2012). "Phylogeography of the Indo-West Pacific maskrays (Dasyatidae, Neotrygon): a complex example of chondrichthyan radiation in the Cenozoic". Ecology and Evolution. 3 (2): 217–232. doi:10.1002/ece3.448. PMC 3586632. PMID 23467194.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. Last, P.R., Naylor, G.J. & Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. (2016). "A revised classification of the family Dasyatidae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) based on new morphological and molecular insights". Zootaxa. 4139 (3): 345–368. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.2. PMID 27470808.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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