Werburgh

Werburgh (also spelled Wærburh, Werburh or Werburga) (d. 3 February 699 at Trentham in modern-day Staffordshire) was an Anglo-Saxon princess who became the patron saint of the city of Chester in Cheshire. Her feast day is 3 February.

Saint Werburgh
Saint Werburgh, Chester Cathedral.
Bornca. 650[1]
Stone, Mercia
Died(700-02-03)3 February 700[2]
Trentham
Major shrineHanbury then
Chester Cathedral
Feast3 February
PatronageChester, England

Life

Werburgh was born at Stone (now in Staffordshire),[3] and was the daughter of King Wulfhere of Mercia (himself the Christian son of the pagan King Penda of Mercia) and his wife St Ermenilda, herself daughter of the King of Kent. She obtained her father's consent to enter the Abbey of Ely, which had been founded by her great aunt Etheldreda (or Audrey), the first Abbess of Ely and former queen of Northumbria, whose fame was widespread. Werburgh was trained at home by St Chad (afterwards Bishop of Lichfield), and by her mother; and in the cloister by her aunt and grandmother. Werburgh was a nun for most of her life. During some of her life she was resident in Weedon Bec, Northamptonshire.

Werburgh was instrumental in convent reform across England. She eventually succeeded her mother Ermenilda, her grandmother Seaxburh, and great-aunt Etheldreda as fourth Abbess of Ely. She died on 3 February 700 and was buried at Hanbury in Staffordshire.

Veneration
Miracles of St Werburgh, including the resurrection of the goose, depicted on a misericord at Chester Cathedral

Following Werburgh's death, her brother Coenred became king of Mercia. In 708 he decided to move his sister's remains to a more conspicuous place within the church at Hanbury. When the tomb was opened, her body was found to be miraculously intact. This preservation was taken as a sign of divine favour. A year later Coenred had abdicated as king and taken holy orders, becoming a monk in Rome.[3] It was at this time that the most famous story about Werburgh appeared, according to which she restored a dead goose to life, as recounted by the medieval hagiographer Goscelin.[1] A stained glass window in the Church of St Peter and St Paul, Weedon Bec, Northamptonshire relates to another tale in which she was said to have banished all the geese from the village.[4]

The shrine of St Werberh remained at Hanbury until the threat from Danish Viking raids in the late 9th century prompted their relocation to within the walled city of Chester. A shrine to St Werberh was established at the Church of St Peter and St Paul (the site is now occupied by Chester Cathedral). In 975, the Church of St Peter and St Paul was re-dedicated to St Werburgh and the Northumbrian saint Oswald. A monastery in the names of these two saints was attached to the church in the 11th century.

By 1057 the Abbey church was rebuilt and further endowed by Leofric, Earl of Mercia. By this time, Werburgh was regarded as the patron saint and protector of Chester. A miracle attributed to her was the unexpected withdrawal of the Welsh king Gruffudd ap Llywelyn from besieging the city.

Even after 1066 and the Norman conquest of England, the shrine of St Werburgh was a place of veneration. In 1093, Hugh d'Avranches, the second Norman Earl of Chester, presented gifts of property to the abbey and had the church enlarged and rebuilt. He also established a Benedictine monastery. Its monks came from Bec Abbey in Normandy, which had provided the first two post-Conquest Archbishops of Canterbury: Lanfranc and Anselm. Like many other Anglo-Norman barons, Hugh d'Avranches entered the monastery shortly before he died and, in turn, was buried there. During the Middle Ages, the badge of a basket of geese was adopted as proof of having made a pilgrimage to the Shrine of St Werburgh.[1]

In 1540 the dissolution of the abbey led to the creation of Chester Cathedral, which was rededicated to Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Although an elaborate shrine had been constructed in the 14th century to Werburgh, this was broken up at the time of the Dissolution. Werburgh's relics were lost. Parts of the shrine's stonework that survived were reassembled in 1876. The shrine remains on display in the cathedral's Lady Chapel at the back of the main nave.

Today
St Werburgh's pilgrimage badge, showing geese

St Werburgh remains the patron saint of Chester. Her feast day is 3 February.

At least 10 churches in England, and some overseas, are dedicated to her, as is St. Werburgh's Church, Dublin. Among them is the church at Wembury, near Plymouth, Devon,[5] The parish church in Hoo, Kent, is named after her.

A neighbourhood in Bristol, in the south west of England, just north of the city centre, is named St Werburghs after St Werburgh's Church, Bristol, now a climbing centre.

Warburton in Greater Manchester (previously Cheshire) is named after its parish church of St Werburgh, i.e. 'Werburgh-ton'.

A stop on the Manchester Metrolink line to East Didsbury is called St Werburgh's Road after a local road, at the crossroads of which and Wilbraham Road stands a church dedicated to St Werburgh.

gollark: Simple decision trees *are* responding to/analyzing the outside world (well, game world), and I think some of the not-really-AI algorithms do an imagination-like thing of simulating various possible futures and picking the action which produces a lot of the better ones.
gollark: <@199529131224989696> I was thinking about stuff recently, and you know when you said `allow for introspection, imagination and probably also analysis of the outside world` when I asked `What does consciousness actually do, though?`Maybe you would need some form of consciousness, whatever that is, for introspection, but you don't for "imagination" and "analysis of the outside world". You can do those with simple "AI" like we use for games.
gollark: !txet sdrawkcab em eviG
gollark: Unfortunately.
gollark: Yes, xkcd advertised it some years back.

See also
  • St Werburgh's Church (disambiguation)

References
  1. St Werburgh's Roman Catholic Parish, Chester
  2. "History – St. Werburgh", The Parish Church of St. Werburgh, Spondon, (Church of England)
  3. Casanova, Gertrude. "St. Werburgh." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 4 Dec. 2013
  4. "Weedon's Local History". BBC Domesday Reloaded. BBC. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  5. "Wembury Church". Retrieved 18 January 2014.

Further reading
  • Gordon Emery, Curious Chester (1999) ISBN 1-872265-94-4
  • Gordon Emery, Chester Inside Out (1998) ISBN 1-872265-92-8
  • Gordon Emery, The Chester Guide (2003) ISBN 1-872265-89-8
  • Roy Wilding, Death in Chester (2003) ISBN 1-872265-44-8
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