WOR (AM)

WOR (710 kHz) is a 50,000 watt Class A clear-channel AM radio station owned by iHeartMedia and licensed to New York City. The station airs a mix of local and syndicated talk radio shows, primarily from co-owned Premiere Networks, including The Rush Limbaugh Show, The Sean Hannity Show, and Coast to Coast AM with George Noory. The independently syndicated Dave Ramsey Show is heard at night. Since 2016, the station has served as the flagship station for co-owned NBC News Radio.

For the radio station originally known as WOR-FM, see WEPN-FM. For the television station originally known as WOR-TV, see WWOR-TV.
WOR
CityNew York, New York
Broadcast areaNew York metropolitan area
Frequency710 kHz (HD Radio)
Branding710 WOR
SloganThe Voice of New York
Programming
Language(s)English
FormatTalk radio
AffiliationsPremiere Networks
NBC News Radio
The Weather Channel
ABC News Radio
Associated Press
Ownership
OwneriHeartMedia
(AMFM Radio Licenses, LLC)
Sister stationsWAXQ, WHTZ, WKTU, WLTW, WWPR-FM
History
First air dateFebruary 22, 1922 (1922-02-22)
Former frequencies833 kHz (1921–22)
750 kHz (1922–23)
740 kHz (1923–27)
Call sign meaningrandomly assigned, backronym World Of Radio[1]
Technical information
Facility ID7710
ClassA
Power50,000 watts
Transmitter coordinates40°47′51″N 74°5′24″W
Repeater(s)WAXQ-HD2 104.3 MHz  (New York)
Links
WebcastListen live (via iHeartRadio)
Website710wor.iheart.com

The station's studios are located in the Tribeca neighborhood of Manhattan at the former AT&T Building, with its transmitter in Rutherford, New Jersey. WOR began broadcasting in February 1922 and is one of the oldest radio stations in the United States with a three–letter call sign, characteristic of a station dating from the 1920s. WOR is the only New York City station to have retained its original three-letter call sign, making those the oldest continually used call letters in the New York City area.

History
With studio on the 6th floor and showy antenna on the roof on its Newark store, Bamberger's launched WOR to sell more radios.

Bamberger's Department Store

WOR's original owner was Bamberger's Department Store in Newark, New Jersey. In the early 1920s the store was selling radio receivers and wanted to put a radio station on the air to help promote receiver sales, as well as for general publicity. Effective December 1, 1921, the U.S. Department of Commerce set aside a single wavelength, 360 meters (833 kilohertz), for radio stations to broadcast "entertainment" programs.[2] The store applied for a license which was granted on February 20, 1922 with the randomly assigned call sign of WOR.[3] The station's original city of license was Newark.

The station made its debut broadcast on February 22, 1922, from a studio located on an upper floor of the store. A 250-watt De Forest transmitter was constructed on the roof of the department store.[4] The station's first broadcast was made with a homemade microphone constructed by attaching a megaphone to a telephone mouthpiece. Al Jolson's "April Showers" was the first record played on WOR.[5]

750 to 710 kHz

Three other broadcasting stations were already on the air in the region transmitting on 360 meters: WJZ, also in Newark, operated by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA); WNO, operated by The Jersey Journal newspaper in Jersey City; and WDT, owned by the Ship Owners Radio Service in the Stapleton section of Staten Island.[6] The use of the common wavelength required a time-sharing agreement between the stations designating transmitting hours. This soon became complicated, for by June a total of ten regional stations were using 360 meters. This restricted the number of hours available to WOR, which was now limited to just a few hours per week.[7]

In September 1922 the Department of Commerce set aside a second entertainment wavelength, 400 meters (750 kHz), for "Class B" stations that had quality equipment and programming.[8] In the New York City region, WOR, along with two New York City American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) stations, WBAY and WEAF (now WFAN), were assigned to this new wavelength. Additional "Class B" broadcasting frequencies were announced in May 1923, including three for the Newark/New York City area.[9]

WOR moved to 740 kHz, where it shared time with WDT (which shut down by the end of the year) and a new RCA station, WJY.[10] WJY rarely used the time periods assigned to it, and by the summer of 1926, WOR began operating full-time, stating that the silent WJY was considered to have forfeited its hours.[11] In June 1927, the Federal Radio Commission (FRC) moved WOR to 710 kHz, which it has occupied ever since. On November 11, 1928, under the provisions of the FRC's General Order 40, this assignment was designated a "clear channel" frequency, with WOR the dominant station.

Manhattan studios and Mutual Broadcasting

In December 1924, although still licensed to Newark, WOR opened a second studio in Manhattan to originate programs, so that stars of the day based in New York City would have better access to the station. Later in 1926, WOR left its original New York City studio on the 9th floor of Chickering Hall at 27 West 57th Street. It relocated to 1440 Broadway, two blocks from Times Square.

WOR was a charter member of the CBS Radio Network (CBS), acting as the flagship of the 16 stations that aired the first Columbia Broadcasting System network program on September 18, 1927.[12] In partnership with Chicago radio station WGN and Cincinnati radio station WLW, WOR formed the Mutual Broadcasting System in 1934 and became its New York City flagship station. Mutual was one of the "Big Four" national radio networks in the United States during the 1930s–1980s. In 1941, the station changed its city of license from Newark to New York City. However, for all intents and purposes it had been a New York City station since its early days, and had actually set up studios across the Hudson two years after it signed on.

In 1957, WOR ended its relationship with Mutual and became an independent station. Mutual's new outlet in New York City was AM 970 WAAT in Newark (today WNYM in Hackensack, New Jersey). But WOR continued to carry Mutual's "Top of the News" with Fulton Lewis for 15 minutes each evening, Monday to Friday at 7:00 p.m. for several more years. It later aired Mutual's all night talk show hosted by Larry King for several years.

For a few years in the late-1950s, WOR aired selected St. Louis Cardinals baseball games sponsored by Budweiser due to the departures of the Dodgers and Giants from New York City to California.

FM and TV stations

In 1941, WOR put an FM radio station, W71NY, on the air. WOR had been experimenting with FM broadcasts as W2XWI from its Carteret, New Jersey transmitter site from 1938. For most of its first two decades, W71NY, later WOR-FM, largely simulcast the same programming as WOR. In 1949, WOR signed on a sister television station, Channel 9 WOR-TV. It started as an independent station, showing mostly movies and reruns of network shows, with some local children's and talk programs.

In 1952, WOR-AM-FM-TV were sold to RKO General. The TV station later became WWOR-TV, relocated to Secaucus, New Jersey, after it and the radio stations, 710 WOR and 98.7 WOR-FM, were sold to separate companies in 1987 (due to an FCC regulation in effect then that forbade TV and radio stations with different owners from sharing the same call letters). WOR-FM today is WEPN-FM.

Full service radio to talk

From the 1930s to the early 1980s, WOR was described as a full service radio station, featuring a mix of music, talk and news. There was an emphasis on news reports and talk programs, but music was played as well, usually a blend of pop standards and adult contemporary tunes, often described as middle of the road music (MOR). WOR played several songs per hour weekday mornings from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. and again afternoons from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. WOR also featured music on Saturday and Sunday afternoons.

In ratings reports, WOR was classified as an "MOR/Talk" station until 1984. From 1983 to about 1985, WOR gradually eliminated music altogether, evolving into its current talk format.

Noted hosts

Past notable hosts include Ed and Pegeen Fitzgerald, Arlene Francis, Long John Nebel, Peter Lind Hayes and Mary Healy, Bernard Meltzer, Barry Farber, Jean Shepherd, Bob and Ray, Bob Grant and Gene Klavan. From April 15, 1945 to March 21, 1963, newspaper columnist Dorothy Kilgallen and her husband Dick Kollmar co-hosted a late morning show on WOR called Breakfast With Dorothy and Dick.[13]

WOR's morning show Rambling with Gambling aired every weekday morning on the station, from March 1925 to September 2000, across three generations of hosts: John B. Gambling, his son John A. Gambling, and his grandson John R. Gambling. After John R. Gambling's edition of the show was dropped, he moved to 770 WABC, where he hosted a late-morning show until January 2008. He returned to WOR mornings in May 2008. Although never aimed at young listeners, WOR was this group's radio station of record in the New York metropolitan area during bad winter weather. Students of all ages dialed up 710 AM on their radios as the Gamblings dutifully announced a comprehensive list of school closings for New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, in strict alphabetical order. John R. Gambling later hosted middays on 970 WNYM for several years, after retiring from WOR in December 2013.

News department

The station was known for its detailed, 15-minute news reports on the hour. Newscasters Henry Gladstone,[14] Harry Hennessey, Jack Allen, John Wingate, Lyle Vann, Peter Roberts, Ed Walsh, Shelly Strickler, Sam Hall and Roger Skibenes were some of the on-air members of the news department. Joe Bartlett is WOR's current news director and morning news anchor, having held that position since 1986. WOR introduced live, on-air, helicopter traffic reports with pilot-reporters "Fearless" Fred Feldman and George Meade. On January 10, 1969, fill-in pilot/reporter Frank McDermott died when the WOR helicopter crashed into an apartment building in Astoria, Queens as he was broadcasting a traffic update. The building caught fire and McDermott's body was found nearby.[15]

New Jersey transmitters

Beginning in 1935, WOR's transmitter was in Carteret, New Jersey. The site used two steel lattice towers and a steel cable as a third radiating element. The cable hung from a catenary connected to the top of each of the towers. This created a lopsided figure-8 pattern intended to cover both the New York City and Philadelphia markets, making WOR the first 50,000 watt directional station in the U.S. Over the years, construction affected WOR's signal strength and WOR sought a new location. Circa 1966, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a construction permit for a new location in Lyndhurst, New Jersey. That location features three full half-wave (692 feet) guyed antennas in a triangular array. WOR was within one mile of both AM 1190 WLIB and AM 1010 WINS. Thus each WOR tower hosted AM detuning apparatus to prevent adverse distortion of WINS and WLIB radiation patterns. Built on hydraulic landfill, the site provides excellent ground conductivity for daytime groundwave radiation.

At night when conditions are favorable, WOR could be picked up, using very sensitive radio receivers, in parts of Europe and Africa. It shares Class A status on 710 kHz with KIRO in Seattle. WOR and KIRO must protect each other against interference by using directional antennas. On September 8, 2006, WOR moved its transmitter a short distance to Rutherford, New Jersey, near the Western Spur of the New Jersey Turnpike.[16]

Clear Channel Communications

On April 30, 2005, WOR moved out of its offices and studios from 1440 Broadway at 40th Street in Midtown Manhattan, near Times Square, where it had been based for 79 years. It relocated to a new facility at 111 Broadway near Wall Street in the Financial District. After it was acquired by Clear Channel Communications in 2012, it moved to Clear Channel studios on Avenue of The Americas in Tribeca, a neighborhood in lower Manhattan, near Canal Street.

On August 13, 2012, it was announced that WOR was to be purchased by Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia), pending FCC approval.[17] A local marketing agreement began on August 15, 2012. On December 20, 2012, the day Clear Channel officially took ownership of the station, The Dr. Joy Browne Show, The Gov. David Paterson Show, and The Mike Huckabee Show were removed from the WOR program schedule.[18]

Adding new shows
WOR's previous logo used until December 2013

On January 2, 2013, WOR added former WABC weekend host Mark Simone to its weekday morning line up.[19] WOR offers ten hours of live and local programming on weekdays, with syndicated programs heard the rest of the day. Weekends feature mostly paid brokered programming on health, money, real estate and other topics. Along with the change in programming came the slogan "New York's Only Live and Local News and Conversation."

In late 2014, former WNBC sportscaster Len Berman and Tampa Bay Area radio host Todd Schnitt were hired as the station's morning hosts, after WOR cancelled the hot talk Elliot in the Morning show, simulcast from iHeart Alternative Rock station WWDC (FM) in Washington, D.C.. Schnitt left WOR in October 2017, leaving Berman running the morning show. A new co-host, Michael Riedel, was added in 2018.

On January 1, 2014, both the Rush Limbaugh and Sean Hannity shows were transferred from rival talk radio station 770 WABC, owned by Cumulus Media. Since Premiere Networks, owned by iHeartMedia, syndicates both popular shows, WOR wanted them to boost its ratings.[20]

Mets baseball

On November 4, 2013, WOR and the New York Mets announced the team's games would be broadcast on 710 AM, as well as advertised on all local Clear Channel radio stations, beginning with the 2014 baseball season.[21] To act as a lead-in to the Mets, sportscaster Pete McCarthy was given an early evening show called "The Sports Zone."

The relationship with the Mets lasted through the 2018 season, after which the team announced a new seven-year agreement with Entercom to air games on WCBS 880 AM.[22] McCarthy's show was also discontinued.[23]

WOR Radio Network
Main article: WOR Radio Network

WOR was once the flagship station of the now-defunct WOR Radio Network. The network distributed nationally syndicated programming, all from the WOR studios at 111 Broadway in New York. Following the sale of WOR to Clear Channel Communications, what was left of the WOR Radio Network was folded into Premiere Networks, Clear Channel's syndication wing.

Past WOR personalities

Past notable WOR program hosts and newscasters included these personalities.

gollark: <@!356107472269869058> write esolang where the only operation is x86 syscalls
gollark: Hmm, thus demote coltrans establish anarchy?
gollark: oh no.
gollark: Brotlipython™ is the best currently extant encoding of python for golfing maybe?
gollark: Brotlipython™ is the future of golf.

References
  1. The WOR call sign had previously been assigned to the ship SS California of the Orient Lines. ("Ship stations", Radio Service Bulletin, February 1915, page 2.)
  2. "Amendments to Regulations", Radio Service Bulletin, January 3, 1922, page 10.
  3. "New Stations", Radio Service Bulletin, March 1, 1922, page 2. Limited Commercial license with the call sign WOR, serial #297, issued for a three-month period to L. Bamberger & Company in Newark, New Jersey.
  4. I Looked and I Listened by Ben Gross, 1954, pages 54-56.
  5. "1922—Year Radio's Population Soared". Broadcasting. May 14, 1962. p. 118. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  6. Radio Service Bulletin. The Bureau. 1920. pp. 1–.
  7. "Make First Co-operative Effort to Equalize Air Usage", The Radio Dealer, June 1922, page 12.
  8. "Amendments to Regulations: Regulation 57", Radio Service Bulletin, September 1, 1922, pages 10-11.
  9. "Radio Conference Recommendations: New Wave Lengths", Radio Age, May 1923, page 11. Beginning with these assignments, radio stations ended the practice of broadcasting their market reports and weather forecasts on the separate 485 meter wavelength.
  10. "Class B Calls and Waves", Radio Age, June 1923, page 12.
  11. "Wave Confusion Increases", Radio World, July 31, 1926, page 18.
  12. Radio Digest, September 1927, quoted in: McLeod, Elizabeth (September 20, 2002). CBS—In the Beginning, History of American Broadcasting. Retrieved on 2007-01-01. The other stations were WADC in Akron, Ohio; WAIU in Columbus, Ohio; WCAO in Baltimore; WCAU in Philadelphia; WEAN in Providence; WFBL in Syracuse; WGHP in Detroit; WJAS in Pittsburgh; WKRC in Cincinnati; WMAK in Buffalo-Lockport; WMAQ in Chicago; WNAC in Boston; WOWO in Fort Wayne, Indiana; KMOX in St. Louis; and KOIL in Council Bluffs, Iowa.
  13. Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio (Revised ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 117-118. ISBN 978-0-19-507678-3. Retrieved 2019-10-01. Breakfast with Dorothy and Dick, morning talk.
  14. "Henry Gladstone; Radio Newscaster, 83". The New York Times. January 27, 1995. p. 20. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  15. "New York City, NY Helicopter Crashes Into Building, Jan 1969". UPI. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  16. "Rebuilding A Legend: WOR Radio" Thomas R. Ray III, 2007 (retrieved 1-19-19)
  17. Clear Channel to Purchase WOR Radio (press release). Mediabistro, 13 August 2012.
  18. Venta, Lance (January 3, 2013). "Clear Channel Begins WOR Revamp". radioinsight.com. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  19. "WOR Adds Mark Simone For 10a-Noon". All Access.
  20. Hinkley, David (July 28, 2013). "Rush Limbaugh rushing out of Cumulus Media to WOR, with Sean Hannity in tow". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  21. "The Mets Find New Home at WOR". WOR 710.
  22. "WCBS 880 To Become New Radio Home Of New York Mets". WCBS 880. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
  23. Forbes.com "Mets Move Radio Broadcasts to WCBS-Entercom" Sept. 18, 2018 (retrieved 1-19-19)

Further reading

The Airwaves of New York: Illustrated Histories of 156 AM Stations in the Metropolitan Area, 1921-1996 by Bill Jaker, Frank Sulek and Peter Kanze, 1998.

Preceded by
860/WABC
1939–1940		 Radio Home of the
New York Yankees
1942		 Succeeded by
1010 WINS
1944–1957
Preceded by
WFAN
1987–2013		 Radio Home of the
New York Mets
2014-2018		 Succeeded by
880 WCBS
2019-
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