Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar

The Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar or Serbian Voivodeship and the Banate of Temes (German: Woiwodschaft Serbien und Temeser Banat), known simply as the Serbian Voivodeship (Serbische Woiwodschaft), was a province (duchy) of the Austrian Empire that existed between 1849 and 1860.

Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banate
Woiwodschaft Serbien und Temeser Banat
Autonomous Region of Austria
1849–1860

CapitalTemeschwar
 • TypeVoivodeship
History 
• Established
18 November 1849
• Disestablished
27 December 1860
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Serbian Vojvodina
Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)
Austrian Empire
Today part of Serbia
 Croatia
 Romania
 Hungary
Map of the Voivodeship

It was a separate crown land named after two former provinces: Serbian Vojvodina and Banat of Temes. Its former area is now divided between Serbia, Romania and Hungary. The Voivodeship gave its name to the present Serbian Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.

Names

In contemporary German, the duchy was officially known as Woiwodschaft Serbien und das Temescher Banates[1] or Woiwodschaft Serbien und das Temeser Banat(e).[2][3] In contemporary Serbian it was known as Vojvodina Srbska i Tamiški Banat (Войводина Србска и Тамишки Банат)[1] and Vojvodstvo Srbija i Tamiški Banat (Војводство Србија и Тамишки Банат).[4] In Hungarian it was known as Szerb Vajdaság és Temesi Bánság, and in Romanian as Voivodina Sârbească și Banatul Timișan.

In various sources (both, Serbian and German) there are two somewhat different variants of the name of the voivodeship, one could be translated into English as Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat and another as Serbian Voivodeship and Temes Banat.

Also in modern English use, the term Temes Banat or Banat of Temes is sometimes incorrectly replaced with term Banat of Temeschwar or Temeschwar Banat. In the original name in all native languages, there is no mention of the city of Temeschwar (Timișoara) in the title of Voivodeship. As shown above, the reference to the Temes region is always used, and should be translated into English as Temes Banat or Banat of Temes.

History
See also: History of Vojvodina

The Voivodeship was formed by a decision of the Austrian emperor in November 1849, after the Revolutions of 1848/1849. It was formed in accordance with privilege given to Serbs by the Habsburg emperor in 1691, recognizing the right of Serbs to territorial autonomy within the Habsburg Monarchy.

It consisted of the regions of Banat, Bačka and northern Syrmian municipalities of Ilok and Ruma. An Austrian governor seated in Temeschwar ruled the area, and the title of Voivode belonged to the emperor himself. The full title of the emperor was "Grand Voivod of the Voivodeship of Serbia" (German: Großwoiwode der Woiwodschaft Serbien). Even after the Voivodeship was abolished, the emperor kept this title until the end of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918.

Map from 1853

In 1860, the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat was abolished and most of its territory (Banat and Bačka) was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, although direct Hungarian rule began only in 1867, after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise. Unlike Banat and Bačka, in 1860 Syrmia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Slavonia, another separate Habsburg crown land. Kingdom of Slavonia subsequently joined with the Kingdom of Croatia forming new kingdom named Croatia-Slavonia, which made a pact with the Kingdom of Hungary in 1868, hence becoming self-governed part of the Kingdom of Hungary within Austria-Hungary.

Languages

The two official languages of the Voivodeship were German and "Illyrian" (what would come to be known as Serbo-Croatian).

Demographics
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The Voivodeship was ethnically very mixed, since the southern parts of Syrmia, Banat and Bačka with compact Serbian settlements were not included in it, while eastern Banat, with a Romanian majority was added to it.

1846

According to the 1846 census, the territory that in 1849 formed the voivodeship included:[5]

1857

In 1857, population of the voivodeship numbered 1,526,105 inhabitants, including:[5]

  • Roman Catholics = 698,189 (45.75%)
  • Eastern Orthodox Christians = 691,828 (45.33%)
  • Evangelic-Lutherans = 56,871 (3.73%)
  • Evangelic-Reformists = 29,281 (1.92%)
  • Greek Catholics and Armenian Catholics = 26,244 (1.72%)
  • Jews = 23,203 (1.52%)
  • others = 489 (0.03%)

1850/51

According to the 1850/51 census, ethnic composition of the voivodeship was as follows:[6]

(*) Total number of "Illyrian Slavs" (Serbs, Bunjevci, Šokci, and Croats) was 386,906.

According to another source, in 1850/1851, the population of the voivodeship numbered 1,426,221 inhabitants, including:[5][7]

By religious makeup:

In 1851, population of the voivodeship numbered 1,426,221 inhabitants, including:

  • Eastern Orthodox Christians = 694,029 (48.66%)
  • Roman Catholics = 624,839 (43.81%)
  • Evangelic-Lutherans = 51,724 (3.63%)
  • Evangelic-Reformists = 26,621 (1.87%)
  • Jews = 16,252 (1.14%)
  • Greek Catholics and Armenian Catholics = 12,756 (0.89%)

1860

In 1860, population of the voivodeship numbered 1,525,523 inhabitants, including:[8]

Administrative divisions

At first, Voivodeship was divided into two districts:

  1. Batschka-Torontal (Bačka-Torontal)
  2. Temeschwar-Karasch (Timișoara-Caraș)

Later, it was divided into five districts:[9]

  1. Großbetschkerek / Veliki Bečkerek (In 1850, population of the district numbered 388,704 inhabitants, including: 126,730 Germans, 124,111 Serbs, 60,781 Hungarians, 58,292 Romanians, 11,045 Bulgarians, 3,752 Croats, 2,562 Slovaks, 1,421 Jews, etc.)
  2. Lugosch / Lugoj (In 1850, population of the district numbered 229,363 inhabitants, including: 197,363 Romanians, 21,179 Germans, 8,305 Bulgarians, 1,505 Hungarians, 612 Serbs, etc.)
  3. Neusatz / Novi Sad (In 1850, population of the district numbered 236,943 inhabitants, including: 100,382 Serbs, 45,936 Germans, 30,450 Hungarians, 20,683 Slovaks, 13,665 Šokci, 2,098 Jews, etc.)
  4. Temeschwar / Timișoara (In 1850, population of the district numbered 316,565 inhabitants, including: 159,292 Romanians, 101,339 Germans, 34,263 Serbs, 12,412 Hungarians, 3,664 Bulgarians, 2,307 Šokci, 1,650 Slovaks, etc.)
  5. Zombor / Sombor (In 1850, population of the district numbered 376,366 inhabitants, including: 160,016 Hungarians, 103,886 Germans, 53,908 Bunjevci, 40,054 Serbs, 7,830 Jews, etc.)
  • Districts of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat (1849-1850).
  • Districts of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat (1850-1860).

Administration
Titles of the Habsburg emperor in an historical document from 1851: among other titles, emperor Francis Joseph I was also great voivode of the Voivodeship of Serbia (German: Grosswojwod der Wojwodschaft Serbien).

Great Voivodes
Note: the voivodeship was abolished in 1860, but Francis Joseph kept the title of "Great Voivode" until his death in 1916, and the title was also inherited by the last Emperor of Austria, Charles I.[10]

Governors
  • Ferdinand Mayerhofer, (1849–1851)
  • Johann Coronini-Cronberg, (1851–1859)
  • Josip Šokčević, (1859–1860)
  • Karl Bigot de Saint-Quentin, (1860)
gollark: Please do not do what <@153718115644080128> suggested.
gollark: Basically, it listens for `key_up`/`key` events and tracks if each key is pressed or not pressed.
gollark: This is roughly what potatOS does.
gollark: ```lualocal keys_down = {}local function keyboard_shortcuts() while true do local ev = {coroutine.yield()} if ev[1] == "key" then keys_down[ev[2]] = true if keys_down[keys.leftCtrl] then -- do whatever with new key event end elseif ev[1] == "key_up" then keys_down[ev[2]] = false end endend```
gollark: Yes there is.

See also

References
  1. Državna pisma o sojedinjenju Vojvodine Srbske i Tamiškog Banata sa Kraljevinom Ungarskom i dezvoljenom, u sljedatvu pomenutog sofedinjenja sa Vsevysoeajěim ruěnym pismom ed 21. febr - 5. marta 1861. izvanrednom Srbskom narodnim Soboru -: Staatsschriften über die Wiedervereinigung der Woiwodschaft Serbien und des Temescher Banates mit dem Konigreich Ungarn. Tip. Mitropolitske-Gimnazialna. 1861.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Allgemeines Reichsgesetz- und Regierungsblatt für das Kaiserthum Oesterreich. k.k. Hof- und Staatsdr. 1850. p. 151.
  3. Ferdinand Schuster (1856). Die Civil-Jurisdictionsnorm für die Königreiche Ungarn, Kroatien und Slawonien, die Wojwodschaft Serbien und das Temeser Banat: vom 16. Februar 1853, dann jene für das Grossfürstenthum Siebenbürgen vom 3. Juli 1853. F. Manz. p. 10. Woiwodschaft Serbien und das Temeser Banat
  4. Blagoveštenski Sabor Naroda Srbskog (SREMSKI KARLOVCI); Jovan ĐORĐEVIĆ (Founder of the Serbian National Theatre.) (1861). Радња Благовештенског Сабора Народа Србског у Сремским Карловцима 1861. Издао Јован. Ђорђевић.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  5. Lazo M. Kostić, Srpska Vojvodina i njene manjine, Novi Sad, 1999.
  6. Sima M. Ćirković, Srbi među evropskim narodima, Beograd, 2004.
  7. Dejan Mikavica, Srpska Vojvodina u Habsburškoj Monarhiji 1690-1920, Novi Sad, 2005.
  8. Milenko Palić, Srbi u Mađarskoj - Ugarskoj do 1918, Novi Sad, 1995, page 285.
  9. Drago Njegovan, Prisajedinjenje Vojvodine Srbiji, Novi Sad, 2004.
  10. thomasgraz.net

Sources

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