Venlo

Venlo (Dutch: [ˈvɛnloː] (listen)) is a city and municipality in the southeastern Netherlands, within a couple of miles of the German border. It is situated in the province of Limburg. The municipality of Venlo counted 101,578 inhabitants as of January 2019.[5]

Venlo
City and municipality
Venlo city centre
Flag
Coat of arms
Location in Limburg
Venlo
Location in the Netherlands
Coordinates: 51°22′N 6°10′E
Country Netherlands
Province Limburg
Government
 • BodyMunicipal council
 • MayorAntoin Scholten (VVD)
Area
 • Total128.99 km2 (49.80 sq mi)
 • Land124.96 km2 (48.25 sq mi)
 • Water4.03 km2 (1.56 sq mi)
Elevation21 m (69 ft)
Population
 (January 2019)[4]
 • Total101,603
 • Density813/km2 (2,110/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Venloër, Venlonaar, Venloënaar
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode
5900–5951
Area code077
Websitevenlo.nl
Mayor Antoin Scholten (2019)

History

Early history
Map circa 1850

Roman and Celtic coins have been found in Venlo; it was speculated to have been the settlement known as Sablones on the Roman road connecting Maastricht with Xanten, but the little evidence there is concerning the location of Sablones speaks against this thought while there is no evidence in support of it. Blerick, on the west bank, was known as Blariacum.

Documents from the 9th century mention Venlo as a trade post; it developed into one of the more important ones in the Meuse-Rhine area, receiving city rights in 1343, and becoming a member of the Hanseatic League in 1375.

Because of its strategic importance, the city of Venlo was besieged several times. The most significant siege was that of 1702, carried on by Menno van Coehoorn. Consequently, Venlo was incorporated into the Generaliteitslanden of the United Provinces at the Treaty of 1713. After the Napoleonic Wars it became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

World War II

On 9 November 1939, two British Intelligence Service agents were kidnapped by the Sicherheitsdienst in what became known as the Venlo Incident. The incident was used by the Nazis to link Great Britain to Georg Elser's failed assassination of Hitler at the Bürgerbräukeller the day before and to justify their later invasion of the Netherlands, a neutral country, on 10 May 1940.

Venlo had both a road and a railway bridge over the Maas (River Meuse). The city was severely damaged by bombing raids (13 October – 19 November 1944) on the bridges at the end of the war. Allied forces made 13 attempts to destroy the bridges to cut the German supply lines and block a retreat of the German army across the river. These failed, and it was the retreating German troops who in the end blew up the bridges in an attempt to stop the allied advance. Allied forces liberated Venlo from the east, from inside Germany itself.

About 300 people were killed due to those raids. The raids also cost Venlo a major part of its historical buildings. However, some old buildings, such as the city hall (the 'Stadhuis') and the 'Römer' house, survived the war relatively unscathed.

Before the war, Venlo had an active Jewish community. Most of the Jews were murdered in The Holocaust.

Post-Second World War era
Topographic map of the city of Venlo, as of March 2014

By the late 1990s, drug-related nuisance had become a problem in the centre of Venlo.[6] National and municipal officials launched the Q-4 Project and Tango initiatives that, amongst other measures, included moving the town's largest coffeeshops[7] to the outskirts, where they continue to do business, while the city centre was freed from disturbances.

In 2001, the municipalities of Belfeld and Tegelen were merged into the municipality of Venlo. Tegelen was originally part of the Duchy of Jülich centuries ago, whereas Venlo has a past in the Duchy of Guelders. On 1 January 2010, the municipality of Arcen en Velden, was merged into the municipality of Venlo.

In 2003 Venlo was awarded the title "Greenest city of Europe". Venlo was the host of Floriade 2012, the world's largest horticultural exhibition.

In 2013, Venlo won the prestigious 'Best City Centre of the Netherlands' award. It amazed the jury by all the investments which have been made in the last couple of years in the Maas Boulevard, the railway station, the tunnel in the centre and the Maas bridge.[8]

Culture
City hall of Venlo
Limburgs Museum
  • Theatre "De Maaspoort"
  • Limburg Museum and Art Museum "Museum van Bommel van Dam"
  • Venlo Police Museum
  • Pop venue Grenswerk (formerly Perron 55)
  • Major annual cultural events
    • Carnival called "Vastelaovend" in February/March (6 weeks before Easter).
    • Summer park festivities called "Zomerparkfeest" in August held in and around the main park of Venlo, a 4 days podium for a broad audience, including live music, film, dance, art etc.

Education
Fontys International Campus Venlo

Venlo, being a city with a 100,000+ population, is served by a large number of schools both at primary and secondary education levels. In addition, Venlo is a higher-education hub within the southern Netherlands, with several institutes of higher education.

Venlo hosts three different institutes of higher education:

Transport

Venlo is connected to Germany by two motorways (Bundesautobahn 40 and Bundesautobahn 61), which connect to Düsseldorf, Duisburg, Cologne and the Ruhr area within one hour.

Venlo railway station is a junction station. It provides regular connections to the Dutch cities of Eindhoven, Roermond and Nijmegen. Furthermore, it provides regular international connections to Germany, via Kaldenkirchen (the first stop in Germany), Viersen and Mönchengladbach to Düsseldorf and Hamm.

Sports

VVV-Venlo is a century-old football club that plays in De Koel Stadium. Founded on 7 February 1903, it is one of the first professional football clubs in the Netherlands. In the seasons 2008–2009 and 2016–2017, VVV-Venlo won the Eerste Divisie (First Division) and was promoted to the highest Dutch professional football league: the Eredivisie.

Geography

Climate
Climate data for Arcen, Netherlands (extremes 1981-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.9
(60.6)		 17.4
(63.3)		 24.3
(75.7)		 28.7
(83.7)		 31.8
(89.2)		 34.7
(94.5)		 38.2
(100.8)		 37.8
(100.0)		 32.5
(90.5)		 25.9
(78.6)		 20.2
(68.4)		 15.8
(60.4)		 38.2
(100.8)
Average high °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5)		 6.4
(43.5)		 10.5
(50.9)		 14.8
(58.6)		 19.1
(66.4)		 21.7
(71.1)		 24.1
(75.4)		 23.6
(74.5)		 19.7
(67.5)		 14.9
(58.8)		 9.4
(48.9)		 5.8
(42.4)		 14.6
(58.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9)		 3.0
(37.4)		 6.2
(43.2)		 9.4
(48.9)		 13.6
(56.5)		 16.1
(61.0)		 18.4
(65.1)		 17.7
(63.9)		 14.4
(57.9)		 10.6
(51.1)		 6.3
(43.3)		 3.3
(37.9)		 10.1
(50.3)
Average low °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6)		 −0.2
(31.6)		 2.1
(35.8)		 4.0
(39.2)		 7.9
(46.2)		 10.4
(50.7)		 12.7
(54.9)		 12.1
(53.8)		 9.7
(49.5)		 6.7
(44.1)		 3.3
(37.9)		 0.7
(33.3)		 5.8
(42.4)
Record low °C (°F) −19.9
(−3.8)		 −15.2
(4.6)		 −10.0
(14.0)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 0.6
(33.1)		 3.9
(39.0)		 2.7
(36.9)		 0.4
(32.7)		 −6.0
(21.2)		 −8.8
(16.2)		 −14.3
(6.3)		 −19.9
(−3.8)
Source: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1981–2010 normals, snowy days normals for 1971–2000)[9]

Economy and infrastructure

The headquarters of multinational Océ is located in Venlo, as is the headquarters of Cimpress.[10] Also, the European headquarters of one the world's largest direct selling companies Amway and the American office supply retailing company Office Depot are located in the city of Venlo.

Greenport Venlo is one of designated five Greenports in the Netherlands. It is the second largest concentration of horticulture in the Netherlands. Seen in conjunction with the neighbouring German region of Niederrhein (Lower Rhine), Greenport Venlo is even the largest in Europe. Together, the Greenport area Venlo and the agro business area "Lower Rhine" in Germany form a region where more than 30 million of people live. This region is a unique and vital international network of business, research, universities and politics. The cooperation revolves around stimulating innovation, creating an attractive working and living environment and integral regional development. The network offers broad chances and future possibilities to analyse, use and further develop the "green market", thus food, fresh and logistics markets. The aim is to provide an impulse for the economy of the region of North Limburg.[11]

International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the Netherlands

Venlo is twinned with:

Notable residents
Geert Wilders, 2014

Public thinking & Public Service

The Arts
Hubert Goltzius, 1574
Chantal Janzen, 2016
Chriet Titulaer, 1984

Science & Business

Sport
Carla Beurskens, 1982
Rick Hoogendorp, 2006
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References
  1. "Burgemeester en wethouders" [Mayor and aldermen] (in Dutch). Gemeente Venlo. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  2. "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten" [Key figures for neighbourhoods]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  3. "Postcodetool for 5911HT". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  4. "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  5. Statistics Netherlands (CBS), "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". Retrieved on 6 March 2019.
  6. Snippe, J.; Naayer, H.; Bieleman, B. (2006), Hektor in 2005. Evaluatie aanpak drugsoverlast in Venlo, Groningen/Rotterdam: Interval/WODC
  7. In the Netherlands, coffeeshops are establishments where it is allowed to sell cannabis to adults for their personal consumption.
  8. "Venlo has Best City Centre in the Netherlands" [Venlo has Best City Centre in the Netherlands]. Fontys Venlo. 2013. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  9. "Klimaattabel Arcen, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1981–2010" (PDF) (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  10. "United States Securities and Exchange Commission - Form 10-Q". Cimpress Investor Relations. Cimpress. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  11. Venlo Greenpark (2012). "Greenport Venlo". Venlo Greenpark. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  12. Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 12 (1913), Erycius Puteanus, retrieved 20 February 2020
  13. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  14. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  15. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  16. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  17. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  18. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  19. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  20. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  21. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  22. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
  23. IMDb Database retrieved 20 February 2020
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