Vaitogi

Vaitogi is a village in American Samoa. It has many missionaries and tourists who are attracted by shopping for local products. Vaitogi might be most famous of its legends about the Turtle and Shark (Laumei ma Malie). It is said that once, at a time when food was scarce, an old woman took her granddaughter to the bluff at Vaitogi, and holding hands, they leaped into the sea down below. While the young girl was transformed into a shark, the blind grandmother became a turtle.[1] It gives its name to a local U-shaped cove in town, which was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

Vaitogi
Village
Etymology: Samoan: "water thrown"
Vaitogi
Coordinates: 14°21′S 170°44′W
Country	United States
Territory	American Samoa
County	Tuālāuta
Area
• Total	1.25 sq mi (03.25 km^2)
Population  (2010)
• Total	1,959
• Density	1,600/sq mi (600/km^2)
Demonym(s)	Vaitogian
Time zone	Samoa Time Zone
ZIP code	96799
Area code(s)	+1 684

Fogāma'a Crater Trail is a 3-mile roundtrip hiking trail in Vaitogi. The trail goes by two scenic beaches before ending at the junction with the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary Trail.[2] Fogāma'a Crater is a National Natural Landmark.

It is home to Tessarea Vaitogi Inn, which is a hotel in town.[3][4]

Etymology

Although there is no specific account of the name’s origin, the name may be related to the lack of water in the area, according to oral tradition. The name Vaitogi translates to “water thrown”.[5]

History

Fogama'a Crater National Natural Landmark

Vaitogi was first located in the Fogāma'a Crater, located on the southwestern coast of the present-day village. It had rich soil for farming and plenty of game for hunting nearby, however, families began moving away from Fogāma'a before the end of the 19th century to the present-day location due to convenience and ease in connecting with other villages. The present location is much closer if traveled by foot. Evidence of early village settlement can still be found in Fogāma'a and Vaitogians often visit Fogāma'a to enjoy the bay and beach.[6]

Vaitogi was visited by Robert J. Maxwell in 1965-1966, who sampled 52 participants in a 22-month research project inspired by the theories of Hans Eysenck concerning Extraversion and introversion behavior.[7]

Vaitogi villagers gather once every year to commemorate an incident that happened over a century ago. At one point, a fire raged through the village for days and could not be extinguished, threatening lives and destroying scores of acres of vegetation and crops. After the village chiefs gathered to pray for the fires to end, heavy rain supposedly fell extinguishing the flames. The village observes a 24-hour curfew once per year to mark the event.[8]

Toeupu of Vaitogi became the first person to be convicted and hanged for murder in American Samoa. Toeupu was assassinated on July 1, 1921, for killing Sake of Leone over a gambling debt.[9] Toeupu armed himself with a shotgun and sought out Sake of Leone, whom he fired upon and killed. He was arrested and brought to trial eleven days later. He confessed his guilt and was sentenced to be hanged. California lawyer C.S. Hannum found the execution of a self-confessed killer, only 26 days after the commission of the crime, to be intolerable. He complained to President Calvin Coolidge about the “illegal hanging of a Samoan.”[10]

Margaret Mead

Historical population[11]
2010	1,959
2000	1,347
1990	1,302
1980	664
1970	473
1960	409
1950	421
1940	235
1930	217

Archaeologist Margaret Mead stayed in Pago Pago for six weeks when she studied the Samoan language. She later spent ten days in Vaitogi as the guest of the local chief in town. The chief and villagers treated her like royalty, and provided her with a bed made of twenty woven mats topped with a blanket and sheets. The villagers also gave her information and access to elders in distant villages.[12] She was on the island of Tutuila for a total of two months. Vaitogi was Mead's favorite Samoan village, and she wrote to a friend: “Here they love me and I love them”.[13]

She also described her stay: “It was there [in Vaitogi] I had all my essential training in how to manage Samoan etiquette… I learned to eat and enjoy Samoan food and to feel unabashed when, as a guest, I was served first and the whole family sat about sedately waiting for me to finish so that they, in turn, could eat… Day by day I grew easier in the language, sat more correctly… I learned how to relate to other people in terms of their rank and how to reply in terms of the rank they accorded me."[14]

Geography

Vaitogi is located on the southern tip of Tutuila Island. On clear days, the island of Aunu'u in the east can be seen from the shores in town. It is twelve miles southwest of Pago Pago. Vaitogi’s coastline is made up of rugged cliffs and molten lava rocks, with a few patches of sand. There is no reef except at the secluded Fogāma'a Beach situated at Fogāma'a Crater, which is listed as a National Marine Sanctuary.[15]

Economy

Vaitogians have been traditionally known to be skilled farmers, and the large flatlands toward inland Vaitogi were a great advantage for the farmers. Vaitogi is also notable for its past sugar cane fields. The sugar cane leaves were woven into thatches for the roofs of fales (houses). The Vaitogi farmers also planted palm trees to cater to the demands of roof thatching. The products were often sold at the Fagatogo Market. Agriculture was a vital source of income particularly after families began settling further inland. Crops such as cucumber, head cabbage, pineapple, and lime are still brought from Vaitogi to be sold at the Fagatogo Market.[16]

Demographics

Vaitogi was home to 1,347 residents at the 2000 U.S. Census, where 35.1% of residents were foreign-born.[17] 53 percent were male and 47 percent female. The majority were under the age of fifty. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the village was home to 1,959, a large increase since the year 2000. The village is also home people from Western Samoa, Fiji, Tonga, Korea, China, and Tokelau.[18]

Religion

Vaitogians worshipped in private homes and guest houses of the village chiefs until the church was built in the 1850s. The first Christian denomination to be established in the village was the Congregational Christian Church in American Samoa. Other denominations in Vaitogi are the Seventh-day Adventists, Tongan Methodists, Baha'i, and the Assembly of God.[19]

Sports

The village’s traditional symbol and icon is Pisisami (sea breeze). The icon is often used in athletic activities and private business. In professional sports, the men’s cricket team has won the islandwide championship title several years, and the women’s cricket team has won the championship in the women’s division.[20]

Landmarks

• Fogāma'a Crater National Natural Landmark
• Turtle and Shark

Notable people

• Tofilau Eti Alesana, prime minister of Samoa, the longest serving head of a state in the Pacific Ocean.[21][22]
• Mike Iupati, American football guard for the Arizona Cardinals of the NFL.
• Sau Ueligiton, artist, lived in Vaitogi for 25 years.[23]

References

1. Stanley, David (2004). Moon Handbooks South Pacific. Moon Handbooks. Page 480. ISBN 9781566914116.
2. https://www.nps.gov/npsa/planyourvisit/upload/Day_Hikes_SB.pdf
3. National Geographic Society (2001). National Geographic Guide to the National Parks of the United States. Page 215. ISBN 9780792270287.
4. Oswald, Michael Joseph (2017). Your Guide to the National Parks: The Complete Guide to All 59 National Parks. Stone Road Press. Page 714. ISBN 9781621280682.
5. Fai’ivae, Alex Godinet (2018). Ole Manuō o Tala Tu’u Ma Fisaga o Tala Ave. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Page 115. ISBN 9781546229070.
6. Fai’ivae, Alex Godinet (2018). Ole Manuō o Tala Tu’u Ma Fisaga o Tala Ave. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Page 117. ISBN 9781546229070.
7. Holmes, Lowell D. (1988). Quest for the Real Samoa: The Mead-Freeman Controversy and Beyond. Greenwood Publishing Group. Page 134. ISBN 9780897891622.
8. http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/179342/american-samoa-village-observes-annual-24-hour-closure
9. Sunia, Fofo I.F. (2009). A History of American Samoa. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Page 220. ISBN 9781573062992.
10. Gray, John Alexander Clinton (1980). Amerika Samoa. Arno Press. Page 206. ISBN 9780405130380.
11. "American Samoa Statistical Yearbook 2016" (PDF). American Samoa Department of Commerce.
12. Mark, Joan (1999). Margaret Mead: Coming of Age in America. Oxford University Press. Pages 10, 30 and 35. ISBN 9780190283490.
13. Shankman, Paul (2009). The Trashing of Margaret Mead: Anatomy of an Anthropological Controversy. University of Wisconsin Press. Page 99. ISBN 9780299234539.
14. Shankman, Paul (2009). The Trashing of Margaret Mead: Anatomy of an Anthropological Controversy. University of Wisconsin Press. Pages 91-92. ISBN 9780299234539.
15. Fai’ivae, Alex Godinet (2018). Ole Manuō o Tala Tu’u Ma Fisaga o Tala Ave. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Pages 114 and 129. ISBN 9781546229070.
16. Fai’ivae, Alex Godinet (2018). Ole Manuō o Tala Tu’u Ma Fisaga o Tala Ave. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Pages 126-127. ISBN 9781546229070.
17. Census of population and housing (2000): American Samoa Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics (2000). DIANE Publishing. Page 53. ISBN 9781428985490.
18. Fai’ivae, Alex Godinet (2018). Ole Manuō o Tala Tu’u Ma Fisaga o Tala Ave. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Page 114. ISBN 9781546229070.
19. Fai’ivae, Alex Godinet (2018). Ole Manuō o Tala Tu’u Ma Fisaga o Tala Ave. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Pages 127-128. ISBN 9781546229070.
20. Fai’ivae, Alex Godinet (2018). Ole Manuō o Tala Tu’u Ma Fisaga o Tala Ave. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Page 125. ISBN 9781546229070.
21. Craig, Robert D. (2002). Historical Dictionary of Polynesia. Scarecrow Press. Pages 14-15. ISBN 9780810842373.
22. Lal, Brij V. and Kate Fortune (2000). The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1. University of Hawaii Press. Page 288. ISBN 9780824822651.
23. Sutter, Frederic Koehler (1989). The Samoans: A Global Family. University of Hawaii Press. Page 210. ISBN 9780824812386.