Ulti

Ulti or Ultimó, is Hungary's national trick-taking card game for three players. It is virtually unknown outside its home borders.

Ulti
OriginHungary
Alternative namesTalonmáriás
FamilyTrick-taking
Players3
Skills requiredTactics & Strategy
Cards32
DeckPiquet
PlayCounter-clockwise
Playing time20 min.
Random chanceMedium
Related games
Sixty-six

History

Its name derives from the winning of the last trick with the lowest trump, a feature derived from several games like Trappola and Tapp Tarock played in Central Europe and in the former Austro-Hungarian empire,[1] though the game as a whole must have grown naturally out of the Czech Mariaš, first mentioned in Hungary in 1787 and first described in 1883,[2] as suggested by its alternative title Talonmariaš, described as "ultimáriás" by G. J. Potter in 1930.[2] All games ultimately deriving from the old French game Marriage.[2]

Different sets of rules

It is important to note that the rules of the game are not universal, and typically every group of players will have their own set of rules that they agree upon. When people play together for the first time, it often takes considerable amount of time until they can agree on rule set they play. Some rules can significantly alter the strategy (See reference for a different set of rules from what is described below).[3]

Preliminaries

Three players use a 32-card pack, with cards normally ranking A 10 K O U 9 8 7. The first dealer is chosen by any agreed means and thereafter the turn to deal and play passes to the right. The dealer deals a batch of five cards to each player, seven to the first player on his right, and then another batch of five cards to each of the players.

Object and contracts

Each game starts with an auction. The highest bidder becomes the soloist and plays alone against the other two with an objective to fulfill whatever contract he bid. In trump games, Aces and Tens captured in tricks worth 10 points each, and winning the last trick is worth a further 10, making a possible total of 90. In addition, declaring a marriage (King and Over of the same suit) scores 20, or 40 in trumps, bringing the maximum possible total to 190. In no-trump contracts card-points and marriages do not count, and cards rank A K O U 10 9 8 7.

Bids
Type of bid Winning conditions Losing conditions Value if won Value if lost Trump game Rank of tens Extra bid of Simple
Simple The calling player ends the game with a score higher than the defending team. The calling player ends the game with a score lower than the defending team. 1 1 Yes High -
40-100 The calling player has a marriage in trumps and scores at least 60 additional points from tricks. Note that no players may declare any further marriages in this game. The calling player fails to score at least 60 points from tricks. 4 4 Yes High No
Four Aces The calling player wins all tricks where Aces are played. The calling player loses at least one Ace to the defending team. 4 4 Yes High Yes
Ulti The calling player wins the last trick with the Seven of trumps. The calling player is forced to play the Seven of trumps before the last trick or loses the last trick to a higher trump. 4 4+4 Yes High Yes
Betli The calling player loses all tricks. The calling player wins at least 1 trick. 5 5 No Low No
Plain Durchmars The calling player wins all tricks. The calling player loses at least 1 trick. 6 6 No Low No
Trump Durchmars The calling player wins all tricks. The calling player loses at least 1 trick. 6 6 Yes High No
20-100 The calling player has a marriage in a non-trump suit and scores at least 80 additional points from tricks. Note that no players may declare any further marriages in this game. The calling player fails to score at least 80 points from tricks. 8 8 Yes High No

All bids have a form of two distinct bids — for trump games a single value bid where the trump is either Acorns, Bells or Leaves (but is not announced during the auction) and a double value bid where the trump is Hearts. In the latter case the suffix "of Hearts" is appended to the bid. The suit of Hearts itself bears no other distinction in the game, however, by naming the trump during the auction the player gives away information and is thus slightly disadvantaged.

In no-trump games such as Betli or Plain Durchmars the double value form of the bid is merely an identical, second stage which helps the auction keep going for higher bids.

Betli and Durchmars also have an additional form called Open. When playing an Open bid all players put their cards on the table and show it to the others right after the first trick. Professional players usually end the game after "opening", as they inspect the hands and conclude whether the calling player would win or lose the game. Open bids are worth quadruple the base value of Betli and Plain Durchmars, and double in Trump Durchmars.

Possible bid constructs in Ulti.

Bids can be freely combined as long as they make sense, as shown on the figure. The value of a combined bid is the sum of the individual components' values. It is important to note, though, that at the conclusion of the game the constituent bets are evaluated and scored independently. A 40-100 Durchmars Ulti therefore nets 4+6+4=14 points if all undertakings succeed and 4−6+4=2 points if the Durchmars happens to fail. Doubling is done component by component as well, meaning that if a defender successfully doubles Durchmars in the above example the net result of the round is 4−12+4=−4 points.

Ulti is a unique bid in the sense that it carries an additional 4 points penalty if lost (8 for Ulti of Hearts). Doubling, however, doesn't affect the penalty so a doubled and lost Ulti of Acorns costs 8+4 points for the bidder (16+4 or 32+4 if redoubled or surdoubled).

Ulti and Four Aces are worth an extra point (2 in Hearts) besides their standard value if they were not combined with any other bids as they implicitly get combined with a Simple. Therefore, the soloist should attempt to complete an extra objective in this case: to score more than the defending team. However, since the constituent bets are handled independently, failing to complete the Simple does not cause the soloist to lose the bet but his winnings will be reduced by the value of a Simple. The Simple component, like any component in any bid can be doubled separately.

Usually a player who bids a single value (non-Hearts) Simple forfeits the game doubled if no higher bid is made by anyone including himself. This is done to prevent opponents from completing silent bids and to speed up the game playing more valuable bids. In certain circles, forfeiting a simple is not optional but done by convention.

In the auction a bid is ranked above another bid if its total value is either higher than the other bid's, or is equal but made up of less components. An Ulti (4+1 points) thus can be declared over a 40-100 (4 points) and a Betli (5 points) can be declared over an Ulti. There is a single exception to this rule: although having the same total value and number of components, Ulti of Hearts and Four Aces of Hearts can be overbid by 40-100 Durchmars or Ulti Durchmars to facilitate playing more of these infrequent but arguably more exciting bids. If more bids have the same value and the same amount of component then the valid is that said sooner, but in equal position Ulti is always higher than Four Aces. For example, 40-100 Ulti Four Aces (12 points) is lower than 20-100 Four Aces (12 points) which is lower than 20-100 Ulti (12 points).[4]

The following table recites all 54 possible bids in ascending order of value and precedence. Ranking and alternating row colors represent increments in the 35-step bidding ladder as there are many combinations of equal value which can not be bid over one another.[4]

Ranking Total value Components Bet Silent 100 Silent Ulti Silent Durchmars Trump suit
1 1 1 Simple 2 2 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
2 2 2 Simple of Hearts 4 4 6 Hearts
3 4 4 40-100 - 2 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
4 5 4+1 Four Aces 2 2 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
5 5 4+1 Ulti 2 - 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
6 5 5 Betli - - - -
7 6 6 Trump Durchmars - 2 - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
7 6 6 Plain Durchmars - - - -
8 8 4+4 40-100 Four Aces - 2 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
9 8 4+4 40-100 Ulti - - 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
10 8 8 40-100 of Hearts - 4 6 Hearts
10 8 8 20-100 - 2 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
11 9 4+4+1 Ulti Four Aces 2 - 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
12 10 8+2 Four Aces of Hearts 4 4 6 Hearts
13 10 8+2 Ulti of Hearts 4 - 6 Hearts
14 10 4+6 40-100 Durchmars - 2 - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
14 10 4+6 Ulti Durchmars - - - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
15 10 10 Rebetli / Betli of Hearts* - - - -
16 12 4+4+4 40-100 Ulti Four Aces - - 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
17 12 8+4 20-100 Four Aces - 2 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
18 12 8+4 20-100 Ulti - - 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
19 12 12 Plain Redurchmars - - - -
19 12 12 Durchmars of Hearts - 4 - Hearts
19 12 12 Open Durchmars - 2 - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
20 14 4+4+6 40-100 Ulti Durchmars - - - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
21 14 8+6 20-100 Durchmars - 2 - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
22 16 8+4+4 20-100 Ulti Four Aces - - 3 Acorns/Bells/Leaves
23 16 8+8 40-100 Four Aces of Hearts - 4 6 Hearts
23 16 8+8 40-100 Ulti of Hearts - - 6 Hearts
23 16 4+12 40-100 Open Durchmars - 2 - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
23 16 4+12 Ulti Open Durchmars - - - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
24 16 16 20-100 of Hearts - 4 6 Hearts
25 18 8+8+2 Ulti Four Aces of Hearts 4 - 6 Hearts
26 18 8+4+6 20-100 Ulti Durchmars - - - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
27 20 4+4+12 40-100 Ulti Open Durchmars - - - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
28 20 8+12 40-100 Durchmars of Hearts - 4 - Hearts
28 20 8+12 Ulti Durchmars of Hearts - - - Hearts
28 20 8+12 20-100 Open Durchmars - 2 - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
29 20 20 Open Betli - - - -
30 24 8+8+8 40-100 Ulti Four Aces of Hearts - - 6 Hearts
31 24 8+4+12 20-100 Ulti Open Durchmars - - - Acorns/Bells/Leaves
32 24 16+8 20-100 Four Aces of Hearts - 4 6 Hearts
33 24 16+8 20-100 Ulti of Hearts - - 6 Hearts
34 24 24 Open Durchmars of Hearts - - - Hearts
34 24 24 Plain Open Durchmars - - - -
35 28 8+8+12 40-100 Ulti Durchmars of Hearts - - - Hearts
36 28 16+12 20-100 Durchmars of Hearts - 4 - Hearts
37 32 16+8+8 20-100 Ulti Four Aces of Hearts - - 6 Hearts
38 32 8+24 40-100 Open Durchmars of Hearts - 4 - Hearts
38 32 8+24 Ulti Open Durchmars of Hearts - - - Hearts
39 36 16+8+12 20-100 Ulti Durchmars of Hearts - - - Hearts
40 40 8+8+24 40-100 Ulti Open Durchmars of Hearts - - - Hearts
41 40 16+24 20-100 Open Durchmars of Hearts - 4 - Hearts
42 48 16+8+24 20-100 Ulti Open Durchmars of Hearts - - - Hearts

The name Rebetli and Betli of Hearts are both commonly used, however, the latter suggests a trump suit despite Betli being a no-trump bet. The misleading suffix merely points to the fact that the bet is double value and its use is advised against.

Auction

The auction is conducted in an unusual way which is virtually unique to Ulti. The player on the right of the dealer gets two extra cards. He is obliged to select two cards from his hand, place them face down on the table without showing them, and make a bid.

Thereafter, each player may pass or else pick up the talon and bid. Passing does not prevent the calling player from bidding again. The calling player may pick up the talon again if the other two players pass. A player who takes the talon must make a higher bid than the previous one, then lay any two cards face down on the table to re-form the talon. This continues until all players pass, after which the calling player announces the trump unless the game is "plain" or "Hearts", and the other two players become the defending team. All doubling takes place after the end of bidding and before the end of the first trick.

In a specific variation of the game, bidding takes place in two rounds. In the first round, each player gets five cards. The player on the right of the dealer bids first with all other players entitled to bid, counter-clockwise. They should either pass or announce a higher bid, keeping in mind that the value of all bids (and doubles) is twice as high in the first round as normally. Whichever player wins the first-round auction gets two extra cards from the dealer, then each player - beginning from the player on the right of the dealer - gets five more cards. The player who won the first round of the auction selects two cards and places them face down, confirming their first-round bid or raising it, but with the same trump suit. After this, bidding continues like in the normal game.

It should be stressed that in this version the winning bid from the first round (including its value) remains valid in the second round, until someone else (or the caller herself) announces a higher bid.

Doubling

Doubling takes place at the beginning of the game, after the bidding is over. Only the team opposed to the team which doubled the last time can call a double, which may go on infinitely. If no doubling has taken place yet, only the defending team can initiate it. Below are the list of the most common doubles.

Double Calling team Multiplier
Double Defenders ×2
Redouble Soloist ×4
Surdouble Defenders ×8
Morddouble Soloist ×16
Hirschdouble Defenders ×32
Fedák Sári Soloist ×64
Wheeled Bicycle Defenders ×128

Note that it is very uncommon for a doubling to go higher than redouble, and therefore certain high level doubles such as "Fedák Sári" and "Wheeled Bicycle" have names spontaneously invented by the players which later became famous. The doubling can go higher than 128, but in this case doubles don't have fixed names, and in the very rare case the doubling goes this high, players use any imaginary name which first comes to their minds as the name for the double.

Play

The calling player leads to the first trick, and the winner of each trick leads to the next. Suit must be followed, and if possible, the played card must be of higher value than what it is in the current trick. If following the suit is not possible, trump must be played. If neither playing the lead suit, nor playing trump is possible, any card may be played. The player who plays the highest card (any trump is higher than any card of any other suit) wins the trick and leads the next trick.

In a trump game, any player having a marriage to declare must do so upon playing to the first trick, or the marriage cannot be claimed later. All marriages called by the defending team count towards their collective score. In a hundred-game, the calling player may declare only the marriage whose value he stated when bidding.

In an Ulti game, the calling player may not lead or play the trump Seven before the last trick, unless forced by the rules of play.

Scoring

For winning, the calling player receives the stated amount from each opponent; for losing, he pays it to each opponent, therefore when the calling player wins, each member of the defending team loses one unit of points, but when losing, the calling player loses two units of his points. If written scores are kept, it is sufficient to add or subtract the value from the calling player's points alone.

In Hungary, the game is usually played with real bets, but because the smallest value coin is 5 forints, the game is played with a unit of 10 forints per point. In this case, points are not kept on paper, instead, money is paid after each game.

Silent Bids
Silent bid Applied in bids of Winning conditions Losing conditions Single value
Silent 100 Simple, Ulti, Four Aces The calling player end the game with a score of at least 100. The defending team ends the game with a score of at least 100. 2
Silent Four Aces Simple, 40-100, Ulti, 20-100 The calling player wins all tricks in which Aces are played. The defending team wins all tricks in which Aces are played. 2
Silent Ulti Simple, 40-100, Four Aces, 20-100 The calling player wins the last trick with the Seven of trumps. The defending team wins the last trick where the calling player plays the Seven of trumps. 2
Silent Durch Simple, 40-100, Ulti, 20-100 The calling player wins all tricks. The calling player wins all except the last trick. 3, 4 if Simple

When the winning conditions are fulfilled, the defending team loses the value of the silent bid, double if the trump is Hearts. When the losing conditions are fulfilled, the calling player loses double the value of the silent bid, quadruple if the trump is Hearts.

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See also

References
  1. Parlett (1996). Oxford Dictionary of Card Games. Oxford University Press. p. 327. ISBN 0-19-869173-4.
  2. John McLeod Ulti - Historical Data at Pagat.com
  3. Biró, Csaba (1994). Rules of Ulti (Modified 4M Standard) (PDF). Szeged: Radnóti Miklós Gimnázium. pp. nn.
  4. Hungarian Ulti Association - Official competition rules in hungarian
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