Klaberjass

Klaberjass (German: [ˈklaːbɐˌjas]) or Bela is a trick-taking, Ace-Ten card game that is most popular in German communities. In its basic form it is a 9-card trick-and-draw game for two players using a 32-card piquet pack.[2]^:200f[3]

This article is about the international two-player game. For the Dutch four-player game, see Klaverjas.

Klaberjass

"Classic two-hander"[1]
French-suited 32-card pack
Origin	Central Europe
Type	Trick-and-draw game
Players	2
Cards	32
Deck	Piquet deck
Card rank (highest first)	Trump suit: J 9 A 10 K Q 8 7 Plain suits: A 10 K Q J 10–7
Related games
Belote, Tatteln or Franzefuss

As in other point-trick games of the King–Queen group, players can score points for the "marriage" (bela) of king and queen of trumps. The distinguishing feature of Klaberjass is that the jack (Jass) and nine (Manille) of trumps are elevated to the highest ranks and highest card point scores.[2]^:200f

The game originates from the Low Countries. An early form was first described in an 1821 Dutch book under a name that translates as klaver Jas, Jas being Dutch for Jack.[2]^:305,308[4]^:201 Klaberjass has spawned the Jack–Nine family of card games, which consists mostly of four-player elaborations of the original game. In addition to the Dutch and Swiss national card games Klaverjas and Jass, the group contains Belote, which is the most popular game in countries such as France, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Saudi Arabia.[2]^:305–334 The related game of Frantsfuus or Tatteln is recorded as early as 1802 in Denmark.[5]

Deck

The game is played with a French-suited Piquet deck, perhaps best known from the German game Skat. It consists of the ranks A 10 K Q J 9 8 7. In trumps, the jack (Jass) and the 9 (Manille) become the two highest ranking cards. So, trump is ranked J 9 A 10 K Q 8 7. The 7 of trumps (dix) also plays a special role.

Game structure

The overall structure of the game is similar to that of Piquet, but with more weight given to trick-play than to melding. The game begins by one player undertaking to make more points than the opponent. If that player wins, both players will score their points, otherwise only the opponent will score. Both players' hands are then completed to 9 cards. In the melding phase, players get a chance to quickly make a substantial number of points, but will automatically provide information to the opponent if they try to make use of that. In trick-play the cards have very unequal point values. Whenever otherwise allowed by the normal trick-play rules, players are obliged to win a trick with a trump.

Rules

Rank and value of cards

Trump suit	Card points	Other suits
J	20
9	14
A	11	A
10	10	10
K	4	K
Q	3	Q
	2	J
	0	9
8	0	8
7	0	7

Each player receives 6 cards in batches of 3, and another card is turned up to determine the preferred trump suit. Now players in turn get the chance to take the deal, i.e. bet to make more points than the opponent, with the preferred trump suit. If both pass, they in turn may choose to take the deal with a freely chosen trump suit. If both players pass again, the deal is aborted and the other player deals. Once this phase is completed successfully, both players' hands are completed to 9 cards.[3][4]^:201

In addition to the initial turn-up card, a second card is turned face up to give further information. If the trump suit is as determined by the (first) turn-up card, a player who holds the seven of trumps (dix) may exchange it with the (first) turn-up card. This must be done before melding.[3][4]^:201

Score	Meld
50	sequence of 4 or more in suit
20	sequence of 3 in suit

In the melding phase, one of the players may meld any number of sequences of 3 or 4 cards in suit for 20 or 50 points, respectively. (For melding purposes the natural order of cards is used, and in particular tens rank between nines and jacks.) The player who holds the longest, highest-ranking such sequence is allowed to meld. This player is determined by a protocol that minimizes the information given to the opponent.[3][4]^:201f

The melding phase happens simultaneously with the first trick. Elder hand leads a card to the first trick, and optionally announces 20 or 50. Dealer responds with good to let this stand or with not good if he or she can top that. If necessary, dealer asks how many cards?, how high?, in trumps? until it is established whose meld is better. At the end of the first trick, the player who won the right to meld shows the cards of the winning combination and optionally another combination that will also be scored.[4]^:202

At this point each player knows the precise locations of 11 of the 32 cards (the player's own hand plus the two face-up cards) and may have gleaned additional information from the opponent's melding behaviour. The melding player has revealed additional information to the other player, and if a player exchanged the dix this has also given the opponent information.

Ranks and point values of cards are as shown in the table. In trick-play, a player who cannot follow suit must trump if possible, and any trump lead must be overtrumped. A player who holds both king and queen of trumps may score 20 for the marriage (bela) when playing out the second of these cards. For this it is necessary to announce bela when playing out the first of these cards, and from the bela when playing the second. The winner of the last trick scores 10 points.[3][4]^:201f

At the end of the deal, for each player any points accrued for melds, bela and last trick are added to the card points in tricks taken to make the player's combined points. However, for a player who has won no tricks at all, only marriages but not melds factor into the combined points.[3][4]^:202

If the player who took the deal has made more combined points than the opponent, both players simply score their combined points. In the opposite case the opponent scores the sum of the points made by both. In case of a tie, the player who took the deal scores nothing and the opponent scores their own score. Thus, the player who did not take the deal always scores at least their own points[3][4]^:202

The first player who has a total score of 500 points or more at the end of a deal wins the game.[3][4]^:202

Variations

• Instead of taking the game with the preferred trump suit or passing, elder hand may schmeiss (throw) the game. In this case the dealer cannot take the game, but may choose to force elder hand to take the game with the preferred trump suit. If dealer does not force elder hand to take, the cards are redealt. [3][6]^:370
• If both players make exactly the same number of combined points, then neither player scores. The total is added to the score of the winner of the next game.[3][4]^:202
• For the Bavarian variant known as Zensa or Senserln, some additional melding combinations as in Belote exist: A sequence of length 5 is worth 100 points, four jacks counts as 200 points, and four aces, four kings, four queens or four tens count as 100 points.[6]^:372f
• Under the bare Yass variation, a player who holds the jack of trumps but no further trumps is not obliged to trump a plain suit lead with it.
• In one variant popular in South Africa, if both players have passed on the preferred trump suit and the elder has passed on the remaining suits, the dealer is obligated to take the game. The dealer can take on in any suit, including the preferred trump suit. The dealer is said to be "on the biema" in this variant.
• In Poland most popular variant known as "Derda". 3 cards in trump suit are called "Derda" - 30 points, 4 cards in trump suit are called "Fuf" - 50 points. Derda was most popular in 50-70's among black market and currency speculators. They played it for high stakes like a 5 Card Poker A-7. In polish movie "Sztos" there is episode where one of main heroes played Derda in sleazy bar before 5 Card Draw poker game.
• In Czechoslovakia (Czech republic) you can see another variant of this game. Darda (for 4 players) or Bulka (for 2 players). The highest trump is not Jack, but a Queen! (jasek = Jass) and the second trump card is 9 (minela = Manille). Straight of three cards in the same suit is named darda (20 points), straight of four (50 points), straight of five (100 points), four of kind (100 points in honours A, K, J - four of kind 7 or 8 don't score), four of kind 9 (150 points), four of kind Queens (200 points - sure victory). Marriage Q+K in trump suit is named Bejle (=Bela) (40 points), every J = 2 points, every queen = 3 points, every king = 4 points, every 10 = 10 points, every Ace = 11 points, when you win the trick with this cards.
• In Teaneck, New Jersey, a variation is played called "Klebias Norm" which adds additional scoring and excitement to the game:

1. 3 of a kind is worth 20 points, 4 of a kind is worth 50 points. Can have both 1) a straight of 3 or 4 cards in a row as well as 2) 3 or 4 of a kind in the same round. For example, in the same round if one player shows 3 in a row it is worth 20 points and another player shows 4 of a kind it is worth 50 points. The bid for the round is increased by a total of 70 additional points making it a 234 game. All rules applying to a straight apply to a 3 or 4 of a kind.
2. A king, queen, jack in a trump suit is called a "Ménage a Trois" and is worth a total of 50 points. Can be declared after the cards are dealt or when the third card is thrown - either way, it needs to be stated out loud as a "Ménage a Trois" and must be accompanied by a shimmy of the hips. Note that if someone declares a "Ménage a Trois", they do not additionally get the usual 20 points for Bela or the 20 points for having 3 in a row (specifically, Jack-Queen-King) of the same suit. Other 3-in-a-rows can still earn points.
3. In the bidding process, If you are the dealer and your are forced to take the bid (as the eighth bid - at the end of the second round) you are said to be on the "Bimah". If you make your points/win the round, you earn an additional 40 points. This does not increase the bid. Thus in a game with no additional points and is a 164-game, if the losing hand earns 74 then the winning team earns 90 points. The winning hand then adds 40 points to the 90 points and scores a total of 130 points.
4. If, after each player has been dealt their cards, any player has in his hand a King of one color and 2 Queens of the opposite color (eg the King of Spades AND Queen of Hearts AND Queen of Diamonds), this is called a "Shlomo HaMelech", and is worth 20 points. Though named after King Solomon, the practice is to sing "David, Melech Yisrael" when the Shlomo HaMelech is called. In addition to the 20 points, the player with the Shlomo HaMelech gets to pick a card (blind) from the player to his immediate left, and give away one of his cards to the player on his left.
5. If, after each player has been dealt their cards, any player has in his hand a Queen of one color and 2 Jacks of the opposite color (eg the Queen of Diamonds AND Jack of Clubs AND Jack of Spades), this is called a "Cleopatra", and is worth 20 points. In order to claim the 20 points, the caller of the Cleopatra is required to do a brief "Walk like an Egyptian"-style dance. In addition to the 20 points, the player with the Cleopatra gets to swap a card with his playing partner. Neither player may see the card they are receiving prior to selecting their card to be given away. In the event that there is a Shlomo HaMelech AND a Cleopatra in the same hand, the Shlomo goes first. Note that no points can be declared as a result of the hands that the players have ''after'' any card swapping has occurred.
6. In a 4 player game, after all 4 players play a card, if the first thrower can beat the high card they can throw their second card of the round (fifth card of the round) and start a second round. On the second 'round' of cards, all players must follow the suit of the initially played card if they still hold a card from this suit. If they do not hold a card from the initially played suit, the usual use of trump cards applies. Total cards for the round will be 8.
7. This version has been tested to add excitement and randomness to the game, while maintaining a high level of necessary strategy. It has been Sensei of Teaneck approved.

Three-handed play

Although this is not very common, the game can readily be adapted to three players. The following version was reported from Scotland.[3]

All players play separately, and the player who takes the deal must win more than each of the other players, not more than both opponents combined. If a plain suit lead has been trumped by the second player and the third player also cannot follow suit, then the third player is obliged to overtrump if possible or otherwise play a lower trump if possible.[3]

Four-handed play

The following version of four-handed play is common in South Africa.

Players play in teams of two. Six cards are dealt out to each player as before. Then the last of the remaining eight cards is placed face-up, and each individual player bids as in two-player. On the first round of bidding, a player must take on in the preferred suit (or else pass). On the second round of bidding, players may take on in any suit except the preferred suit, except for the last player who may take on in any suit. Also, on the second round of bidding a player may take on in "no-trumps" - that is, declare that there will be no trump suit, and hence no Jass, Manille, or Bela. Once the bidding is over, the remaining eight cards are distributed, two to each player (this includes the card that was used as basis for deciding the preferred suit). Unlike in the two-player version, even if the preferred suit is the trump suit, no player may exchange the seven of that suit for the card which was used to determine the preferred suit.

The melding phase is similar to that of the two-player version, except that teammates don't overrule each other's melds. The trick phase is also similar. Each player plays a card, and the player with the highest priority card takes all four cards. The points earned by teammates are counted together, regardless of which teammate won which trick.

History and naming

According to David Parlett, this "popular and widespread two-hander has so many names, mostly variations on the same one, that it is hard to know which is best for universal recognition. Klaberjass is probably closest to the original."[2]^:305 He lists the alternative names as "Clob, Clobby, Clobiosh, Klob, Kalabrisasz, Bela, Cinq Cents, Zensa".[2]^:305 Other sources also list "Klabberjass, Senserln, Clobyosh, Kalabrias, Klab, Clabber, Clobber, Clubby".[3] [4] [6]^:369f Another common name is Klabrias. This truly international game originates from the Low Countries and is particularly strong in Jewish communities.[7]^:200f[8] (For an earlier form see the history of Jack–Nine card games.) It can be interpreted as a two-handed variant of Belote, and indeed three-handed Belote can be played in exactly the same way. Conversely, Tarbish, a game played in Nova Scotia, is a four-handed partnership game variant of this game. (Tarbish is played with 36 cards. This makes sense since in four-handed games it is normal to deal all cards, and thus the number of cards dealt to each player is the same as in the two-handed game.)

References

1. Parlett, David. A History of Card Games. Oxford: OUP (1991), p. 25. ISBN 0-19-282905-X.
2. Parlett, David (2008), "Jack–Nine games", The Penguin Book of Card Games (3rd ed.), Penguin Books, pp. 305–334, ISBN 978-0-14-103787-5.
3. McLeod, John, ed., Bela, Card Games Website.
4. "Klaberjass", Game Rules, United States Playing Card Company, archived from the original on 2008-11-21.
5. Jorgensen 1802, p. 111 ff. sfn error: no target: CITEREFJorgensen1802 (help)
6. Kastner, Hugo; Folkvord, Gerald K. (2005), Die große Humboldt Enzyklopädie der Kartenspiele (in German), Humboldt, ISBN 978-3-89994-058-9.
7. Parlett, David (2004), The A–Z of card games (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-860870-7.
8. Georgens, Jan Daniel (1882), Spiel und Sport. I. Illustriertes Allgemeines Familien-Spielbuch, Leipzig, Berlin: Spamer

Literature

• Jorgensen, S.A. (1802). Nyeste Dansk Spillebog, J.H. Schubothes, Copenhagen. Digitization