Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752

Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 (PS752) was a scheduled international passenger flight from Tehran to Kiev operated by Ukraine International Airlines (UIA). On 8 January 2020, the Boeing 737-800 operating the route was shot down shortly after takeoff from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp.[4][5][6] All 176 passengers and crew died.[7]

Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752
UR-PSR, the aircraft involved in the incident, in October 2019
Shootdown
Date8 January 2020 (2020-01-08)
SummaryShot down by two IRGC Tor M-1 missiles[1]
SiteKhalajabad, Shahriar County, Tehran Province, Iran[2]
35°33′40″N 51°06′14″E
Aircraft
Aircraft typeBoeing 737-8KV
OperatorUkraine International Airlines
IATA flight No.PS752
ICAO flight No.AUI752
Call signUKRAINE INTERNATIONAL 752
RegistrationUR-PSR
Flight originImam Khomeini International Airport, Tehran
DestinationBoryspil International Airport, Kiev
Occupants176
Passengers167
Crew9
Fatalities176[3]
Survivors0

The shoot-down occurred during the 2019–2020 Persian Gulf crisis, five days after U.S. President Donald Trump launched a drone strike that killed Iranian General Qasem Soleimani in retaliation for the 2019–20 attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad by Kata'ib Hezbollah, and hours after Iran launched missiles on U.S. bases in Iraq.[8]

The Iranian government initially denied responsibility for the airplane's destruction, but investigation by Western intelligence agencies and the general public revealed that the aircraft was shot down by a surface-to-air missile launched by Iran.[9] Mass protests calling for the removal of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei broke out in Iran on 13 January in response to the shootdown and government denial, which ultimately resulted in the Iranian government admitting that it shot down the airliner.[10]

Background

The missile strike occurred four hours after Iran launched retaliatory missile strikes on U.S. positions in Iraq for the killing of Major General Qasem Soleimani.[11] Iran was on the highest state of defensive alert and, according to Commander of the Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) Amir Ali Hajizadeh, was "totally prepared for a full-fledged war".[8]

Aircraft

The aircraft was a Boeing 737-8KV, serial number 38124, registration UR-PSR. It was three and a half years old at the time of it being shot down, having first flown on 21 June 2016.[2] It was delivered to the airline on 19 July 2016 and was the first 737 Next Generation aircraft purchased by the airline.[12] The airline defended the airplane's maintenance record, saying it had been inspected just two days before the crash.[13][14]

Flight and crash
Crash site
Approximate location of the crash site

The flight was operated by Ukraine International Airlines, the flag carrier and the largest airline of Ukraine, on a scheduled flight from the Iranian capital Tehran's Imam Khomeini International Airport to Boryspil International Airport in the Ukrainian capital Kiev. Emergency officials confirmed that the aircraft was carrying 176 people, including nine crew members and fifteen children.[15]

Flight 752 was scheduled to take off at 05:15 local time (UTC+3:30), but was delayed. It departed Stand 116 and took off from Runway 29R at 06:12:08 local time and was expected to land in Kiev at 08:00 local time (UTC+2:00).[16][3] The final ADS-B data received was at 06:14:57, less than three minutes after departure.[17]

Between 06:14:17 and 06:14:45 the airplane turned from the take-off heading of 289° to heading 313°, following its regular route.[17][18]

According to the data, the last recorded altitude was at 2,416 metres (7,925 ft) above mean sea level with a ground speed of 275 knots (509 km/h; 316 mph).[19] The airport is 1,007 metres (3,305 ft) above mean sea level, but the ground around Parand and the crash site is several hundred feet higher. The flight was climbing at just under 3000 ft/min when the flight data record abruptly ended over the open ground near the northern end of Enqelab Eslami Boulevard in Parand.[17] Analysis of several videos by The New York Times shows that the aircraft was hit almost immediately by the first of two short-range missiles (which knocked out its transponder) launched thirty seconds apart by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, and with the aircraft having maintained its track, by the second missile some 23 seconds later, after which it veers right and can be seen aflame before disappearing from view.[18] Ukrainian investigators believe the pilots were killed instantly by shrapnel from the missile which exploded near the cockpit.[20]

The precise track of the aircraft is unclear from that point until about a minute before it crashed, when several videos recorded its last seconds.[21][22][23] The aircraft crashed on a park and fields on the edge of the village of Khalajabad 15 kilometres (9.3 mi; 8.1 nmi) north-west of the airport,[24] and about 10 miles (16 km; 8.7 nmi) ENE of the last missile strike about seven minutes after takeoff,[18] but did not cause any casualties on the ground.

Shortly after the crash, emergency responders arrived with 22 ambulances, four bus ambulances, and a helicopter, but intense fires prevented a rescue attempt. The wreckage was strewn over a wide area, with no survivors found at the crash site.[25] The aircraft was completely destroyed on impact.[26]

Passengers and crew
People on board, based on Ukrainian official list[27][lower-alpha 1]
NationNumber
Iran[lower-alpha 2]82
Canada[lower-alpha 3]63
Ukraine[lower-alpha 4]11
Sweden[lower-alpha 5]10
Afghanistan[lower-alpha 6]7
United Kingdom[lower-alpha 7]3
Total176
Recovery operations, victims of Flight 752

There were 167 passengers and nine crew members on the flight.[33] According to Iranian officials, 146 passengers used Iranian passports to leave Iran, ten used Afghan passports, five used Canadian ones, four Swedish ones, and two used Ukrainian passports.[34] There is some disagreement from other sources with this accounting of nationalities, possibly due to some passengers being nationals of more than a single country.

According to Ukrainian foreign minister Vadym Prystaiko and a flight manifest released by UIA,[35] out of the 167 passengers' citizenship, 82 were confirmed to be Iranian, 63 were Canadian, three were British, four were Afghan, 10 were Swedish, and three were German. Eleven Ukrainians were also onboard, nine of them being the crew.[7][29] The German Foreign Ministry denied any Germans were aboard;[36] the three people in question were Afghan nationals who lived in Germany as asylum seekers.[31] According to Iranian nationality law, the Iranian government considers dual citizens as Iranian citizens only.[37]

Of the 167 passengers, 138 were travelling to Canada via Ukraine.[38][39][40] Many of the Iranian Canadians were affiliated with Canadian universities, as students or academics who had travelled to Iran during Christmas break. The crash was the largest loss of Canadian lives in aviation since the 1985 bombing of Air India Flight 182.[41] On January 15, 2020, Canadian Transport Minister Marc Garneau said 57 Canadians died in the crash.[42]

In addition to six flight attendants, the crew consisted of Captain Volodymyr Gaponenko (11,600 hours on Boeing 737 aircraft, including 5,500 hours as captain), instructor pilot Oleksiy Naumkin (12,000 hours on Boeing 737, including 6,600 as captain), and first officer Serhiy Khomenko (7,600 hours on Boeing 737).[43]

Investigation
Impact zone

The Civil Aviation Organization of Iran (CAOI) reported shortly after the incident that a team of investigators had been sent to the crash site.[33] On the same day, the Ukrainian government said it would send experts to Tehran to assist with the investigation. President Volodymyr Zelensky instructed the Ukrainian General Prosecutor to open a criminal investigation into the crash.[44] The Ukrainian government sent 53 representatives to Iran to assist with the investigation, among them government officials, investigators, and representatives of the UIA.[45]

A Ukrainian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 prepares to depart for Iran from the Boryspil International Airport with specialists from the National Bureau of Investigation of Civil Aviation and Incidents with the Civil Aviation Service, State Aviation Service, Ukraine International Airlines and from the General Inspectorate of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.

Under standard International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) rules, according to Annex 13 of the Chicago Convention, the United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) would participate in the investigation, as they represented the state of the manufacturer of the aircraft. France's Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA) would participate as representatives of the state of manufacture of the aircraft's engines (a U.S.–France joint venture) and Ukraine's Ministry of Infrastructure would participate as representatives of the state in which the aircraft was registered. Given the 2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis, it is not known how these organizations would be involved, although it was reported that Iran had said American, French and Ukrainian authorities would be involved.[46]

The head of the commission for accidents in the CAOI said they received no emergency message from the aircraft before the crash.[47] It was reported that the aircraft's black boxes (the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR)) had been recovered, but the CAOI said it was not clear to which country the recorders would be sent so the data could be analyzed.[48] The association said it would not hand over the black boxes to Boeing or to U.S. authorities.[49] On 9 January, the black boxes were reported, by Iranian investigators, to have been damaged and that some parts of their memory may have been lost.[50] Mary Schiavo, a former U.S. Department of Transportation inspector general, said no automated distress messages had been sent from the aircraft or by its crew.[51]

On 9 January, the Swedish Accident Investigation Authority and Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) were officially invited by the investigation team to participate in the probe on the crash.[52] The NTSB,[53][54][55] Ukraine, and Boeing were also invited to participate in the investigation.[52] Due to American economic sanctions placed on Iran, U.S. investigators would need a special licence from the Treasury and the State Departments to travel there.[56][57][58]

On 9 January, media reports showed bulldozers being used to clear the crash site. Some aircraft investigation experts expressed concerns about disturbing and damaging the crash site before a thorough investigation can be conducted.[59] Iran denied bulldozing the evidence.[60] On 10 January, the Iranian government granted Ukrainian investigators permission to investigate the flight recorders and Ukrainian investigators visited the crash site,[61][62] with plans to download the recorders in Tehran.[63] On 14 January, the head of the TSB, Kathy Fox, said there were signs that Iran would allow the TSB to participate in the downloading and analysis of data from the airplane's flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder.[64] On 23 January, the TSB announced that they had been invited by Iran to help with the flight recorders.[65]

On 2 February, Ukrainian TV channel aired a leaked recording of the information exchange between the Iranian pilot of an Aseman Airlines flight and an Iranian air-traffic controller. The pilot allegedly stated in Persian that he saw a flash similar to missile fire in the sky, and then an explosion. Following the leak, the Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said the new evidence proved Iran was well-aware from the very first moments that the Ukraine passenger airplane was brought down by a missile.[66] The following day Iran ceased co-operation with Ukraine in its investigation into the disaster due to this leaked recording.[67] Iran resumed co-operation on 15 February.[68]

Flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder

On 20 January, Iran asked for assistance from France and the United States to recover the data from the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder.[69] On 5 February, Canada urged Iran to send the recorders to France.[70] Iran denied the request.[71]

On 12 March, Iran agreed to hand over the recorders to Ukraine.[72] However, the COVID-19 pandemic delayed this action.[73][74][75] During this time, impatience began to mount from Ukraine, Canada, and ICAO.[76]

On 11 June, Iran announced that the flight recorders would be sent directly to the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA) in France.[77] Canadian officials urged Iran to complete this action "as soon as possible", citing the previous delays in handing over the recorders.[78] This statement was further reinforced 11 days later, when Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif commented on this intention during a phone call with Canadian foreign minister François-Philippe Champagne.[79]

On 20 July, the examination of the recorders started in Paris; Champagne rejected the finding by the CAOI that "human error" caused the launch of the missiles which destroyed the aircraft: "It cannot just be the result of a human error. There is no circumstance under (which) a civilian aircraft can be downed just by the result of human error in this day and age... All the facts and circumstances point to more than just a human error, so certainly we will continue to pursue vigorously the investigation."[80]

Cause of the crash
Wreckage of Flight 752, with part of an engine in the foreground, showing nozzle guide vanes
Wreckage of Flight 752

On 8 January, Iran's Road and Transportation Ministry released a statement that the aircraft burst into flames after a fire started in one of its engines, causing the pilot to lose control and crash into the ground.[81][44] The airline opined that pilot error was impossible to be cited as the cause of the crash as the pilots had exclusively been trained for the Tehran flights for years, noting that Tehran Airport was "not a simple airport".[82]

Iranian and Ukrainian government sources initially blamed mechanical issues aboard the aircraft for its crash.[27][83][84] The Ukrainian government later retracted its statement and said anything was possible, refusing to rule out that the aircraft was hit by a missile.[85] President Zelensky said there should not be any speculation about the cause of the crash.[44]

On 9 January, U.S. intelligence and defence officials said they believed the aircraft had been shot down by an Iranian Tor missile (NATO reporting name SA-15 "Gauntlet"),[86] based on evidence from reconnaissance satellite imagery and radar data.[87][52] Ukrainian authorities said a shootdown was one of the "main working theories", while Iranian authorities denied this, stating that allegations of a missile hit were "psychological warfare".[88][89][90][91] British defence officials agreed with the American assessment of a shootdown.[90] Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau said evidence from multiple sources, including Canadian intelligence, suggest the aircraft was shot down by an Iranian missile.[92]

After three days of describing it as "an American lie", "a wrongful scenario by CIA and the Pentagon", and "an attempt to prevent Boeing stock from a free fall",[93][94] on 11 January, the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran admitted they had shot down the airplane, having erroneously identified it as a hostile target.[95]

The flight had been delayed by more than an hour because the captain had decided to offload some luggage because the aircraft was over its certified takeoff weight.[96]

According to an early IRGC statement, when the airplane seemed to head toward a "sensitive military centre" of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, controllers mistook it for a "hostile target" and shot it down.[97] Iran's Civil Aviation Organization disputed this timeline, arguing that the airplane was on the correct course all the time and there was no proven flight deviation.[98] The CAOI's viewpoint was also supported by a Radio Canada International article that used public ADS-B flight tracking data.[99][100]

Iranian Brigadier general Amir Ali Hajizadeh of the IRGC Aerospace Defense said a missile operator in Bidganeh had acted independently, mistook the airplane for a U.S. cruise missile and shot it down. Hajizadeh also said the airplane was on-track and "made no mistake".[8][9]

Western experts had previously noted that Flight 752 was flying near several sensitive Iranian ballistic missile facilities, including the Shahid Modarres missile base at Bidganeh near Malard, which the Iranians could have believed would be targets of retaliation for their attack a few hours earlier.[101][102]

On 11 July 2020, the CAOI reported that Iran now blamed the missile strike that downed PS752 on "bad communication" and "poor alignment". According to the Iranians, the missile battery "had been relocated and was not properly reoriented" and the guilty parties did not include the higher-ranking chain of command officers.[103][104]

Analyses based on social media

On 9 January, the Instagram account Rich Kids of Tehran published a video captioned: "The actual footage from the moment the #Ukrainian flight was shot down by a Russian-made Tor-M1 missile just moments after takeoff from #Tehran's Airport ".[105][106] The video was published at the same time the Iranian authorities were claiming technical problems for the crash.[107][108] Qassem Biniaz, a spokesman for Iran's Road and Transportation Ministry, said the pilot "lost control of the plane" after a fire broke out in one of its engines, denying the Ukrainian plane was hit by a missile.[109][110][111]

On 9 January, a video was posted on a public Telegram channel showing what was, according to Bellingcat, apparently a mid-air explosion. The New York Times contacted the person who filmed the video and confirmed its authenticity. An investigation team from Bellingcat carried out an analysis of this video and geolocated it to a residential area in Parand, a suburb west of the airport.[112][113] Bellingcat also examined photos from an unknown source and said these images of a missile nose cone had yet to be verified, despite claims from several sources.[114] The Tor missile's warhead is located in its midsection, meaning its nose may not be destroyed in an explosion.[114] Similar photographs of fragments have been taken in eastern Ukraine, but none have been found to be the same as those attributed to the recent incident.[114]

USA Today reported that the firm IHS Markit reviewed photographs showing the guidance section of a missile and "assesses them to be credible".[115][116] Aviation monitoring group Opsgroup said: "We would recommend the starting assumption to be that this was a shootdown event, similar to MH17—until there is clear evidence to the contrary" asserting that photographs "show obvious projectile holes in the fuselage and a wing section".[117]

Subsequent developments

On 9 January, President Trump said the airplane "was flying in a pretty rough neighbourhood, and somebody could have made a mistake."[118] He said the U.S. had no involvement in the incident and that he did not believe a mechanical issue had anything to do with the crash.[118] U.S. intelligence sources informed U.S. media outlets they were "confident that Iran painted the Ukrainian airliner with radar and fired two surface to air missiles that brought down the aircraft."[119][120]

Also on 9 January, at a news conference in Ottawa, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said the airliner was likely brought down by an Iranian missile, citing intelligence from Canadian and other sources, and said the incident "may well have been unintentional".[121]

On 10 January, during an interview with Sky News, Iran's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Hamid Baeidinejad, rejected video footage obtained by American media that showed bulldozers clearing the crash site as "absurd".[122] Baeidinejad further denied that an Iranian missile had brought down the airplane, and said that "[p]lane accidents are a very technical issue, I cannot judge, you cannot judge, reporters on the ground cannot judge. Nobody can judge. A foreign minister or a prime minister cannot judge on this issue."[123]

On 11 January, Iran admitted it had shot down the Ukrainian jet by "accident", the result of human error. General Amir Ali Hajizadeh, the head of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard's aerospace division, said his unit accepts "full responsibility" for the shootdown. In an address broadcast by state television, he said that when he learned about the downing of the airplane, "I wished I was dead." Hajizadeh said that, with his forces on high alert, an officer mistook it for a hostile missile and made a "bad decision".[124]

On 14 January, the Rich Kids of Tehran Instagram account published a new video, showing two missiles hitting the aircraft.[125] The security camera footage, verified by The New York Times, shows two missiles, fired 30 seconds apart.[126] On 20 January, the Civil Aviation Organization of Iran also admitted that the country's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard had fired two Russian-made Tor-M1 missiles at the aircraft.[127][128]

On 10 August, IRGC officer Gholamreza Soleimani told Iranian state TV that Iran will not compensate Ukraine International Airlines for the shootdown because the "plane is insured by European companies in Ukraine and not by Iranian companies".[129]

Aftermath
Commemoration of the victims of the air crash in Iran at Kyiv Boryspil airport
Commemoration of the victims of the air crash in Iran

On 17 January, the Canadian government announced that it would provide C$25,000 to the relatives of each of the 57 Canadian citizens and permanent residents who were killed in the crash. The funds were to help cover immediate needs, like funeral and travel expenses. However, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau also said that it holds Iran financially responsible.[130]

On 19 January, the bodies of 11 Ukrainian citizens, who died in the crash, were returned to Ukraine in a solemn ceremony at the Boryspil International Airport. The coffins, which were each draped in a Ukrainian flag, were carried one by one from a Ukrainian Il-76 military plane of the 25th Transport Aviation Brigade.[131]

President Zelensky, Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine Oleksiy Danilov, Prime Minister Oleksiy Honcharuk, Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Dmytro Razumkov, and other officials and military servicemen participated in the commemoration.[132]

Reactions

Air traffic

The disaster occurred amid a heightened political crisis in the Persian Gulf, hours after the Iranian military launched 15 missiles towards U.S. military airbases in Iraq in response to the Baghdad International Airport airstrike which killed Iranian general Qasem Soleimani. In response, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in a notice to airmen (NOTAM), banned all American civil aircraft from flying over Iran, Iraq, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf.[133][134] Although the FAA's NOTAM is not binding on non-U.S. airlines, many airlines take it into consideration when making safety decisions, especially after the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in 2014.[135][136][137] Several airlines, including Austrian Airlines,[52] Singapore Airlines,[138] KLM,[139] Air France,[140] Air India,[140] SriLankan Airlines,[141] Qantas[135] and Vietnam Airlines[142] began to reroute their flights. Other airlines, such as Lufthansa, Emirates, Flydubai, and Turkish Airlines cancelled some flights to airports in Iran and Iraq and would make further operational changes as necessary.[137][143][144][145]

Ukraine International Airlines (UIA) suspended flights to Tehran indefinitely shortly after the incident, with flights after the day of the crash no longer available.[7] The suspension also complied with a prohibition issued by State Aviation Administration of Ukraine for flights in Iran's airspace for all Ukrainian registration aircraft.[146] Since the crash, additional airlines, Air Astana and SCAT Airlines also re-routed flights that overflew Iran.[147][148] This followed a recommendation by the Kazakhstan Ministry of Industry and Infrastructure Development, issued to Kazakhstani air companies after the crash, to avoid flying over Iran airspace and/or to cancel flights to Iran.[149] Air Canada rerouted its Toronto-Dubai flight to fly over Egypt and Saudi Arabia instead of Iraq.[150]

Iran

Government and IRGC

Iran declared 9 January a national day of mourning both for the victims of Flight 752 and for those killed in a stampede at Qasem Soleimani's funeral.[151]

On 11 January, the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said they had shot down the aircraft after erroneously identifying it as a hostile target.[152] President Rouhani called the incident an "unforgivable mistake".[153] Foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif apologized for the disaster and added that the preliminary conclusion of the armed forces' internal investigation was "human error".[154]

On 17 January, Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, in his first Friday sermon in eight years, defended the Revolutionary Guards' accidental killing of passengers and praised Operation Martyr Soleimani for giving a "slap on the face" to the United States. His sermon came as public anger mounted against the government for their handling of the incident.[155]

In April, an Iranian MP, the spokesman for the Iranian parliament's legal and judicial committee, said the Iranian military "carried out their duties well", adding that "the movement of the plane was very suspicious" and that no arrests had been made in relation to the incident.[156][157]

Anti-government protests
Main article: Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 protests
A gathering at Amirkabir University of Technology. Above flowers and lit candles a notice reads "What is the cost of lying?"

On 11 January, in response to the government's admission, thousands of protesters poured into the streets of Tehran and other Iranian cities such as Isfahan, Shiraz, Hamadan and Urmia.[158] Video clips on Twitter showed protesters in Tehran chanting "Death to the dictator", a reference to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.[159] In Tehran, hundreds of protesters took to the streets to vent anger at officials, calling them liars for having denied the shootdown. Protests took place outside at least two universities: students and protesters gathered at Sharif University, Amirkabir University and Hafez Overpass in Tehran, initially to pay respect to the victims. Protests turned angry in the evening. President Trump tweeted support for the protests.[160][161][162] The mourning Iranians called Qasem Soleimani a murderer and tore up pictures of him, shattering the appearance of national solidarity that had followed his death.[163][164][165][166][167][168]

On 12 January, protests erupted across Iran for a second day; in Tehran and in several other cities, protesters chanted slogans against the leadership and clashed with security forces and Iran's Basiji Force firing tear gas at the protesters.[169] The protesters chanted that they needed more than just resignations, but prosecutions of those responsible as well.[170] Tehran residents told Reuters that police were out in force in the capital on 12 January, with dozens of protesters in Tehran chanting "They are lying that our enemy is America, our enemy is right here," and scores of demonstrators gathered in other cities also shown on social media.[171]

On 13 January, the Los Angeles Times reported that Iranian security forces fired both live ammunition and tear gas to disperse demonstrators.[172]

Iran's exiled Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi said the Islamic Republic Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei was responsible for the downing.[173] Iranian reformist newspaper Etemad ran the banner headline "Apologize and resign", and commented on the "people's demand" for the removal of those responsible for the shootdown.[174]

A Khamenei representative in the elite Revolutionary Guards, told a gathering of Khamenei’s representatives in Iranian universities that the Assembly of Experts, the clerical body that chose Khamenei, “... do not appoint the Supreme Leader, rather they discover him [...] In the Islamic system, the office and the legitimacy of the Supreme Leader comes from God, the Prophet and the Shi’ite Imams".[175]

Amnesty International reported on 15 January that on 11 and 12 January Iranian security forces used tear gas, pointed pellets and pepper spray against peaceful demonstrators protesting the government lying about shooting down the passenger plane.[176]

Funerals

Iran's security forces were on alert not to let people turn funerals of the plane crash victims into demonstrations. Nevertheless, in some Iranian cities such as Isfahan and Sanandaj, participants in these funerals have shown their anger and shouted anti-government slogans.[177] The supreme leader Ali Khamenei praised the country's armed forces and described the protesters as those deceived by foreign media.[178]

Arrests

On 14 January 2020, Iran's judiciary announced that several arrests had been made over the accidental shooting down of the aircraft. The spokesman, Gholamhossein Esmaili, did not name any suspect or say how many had been held.[179][180] In a televised speech, President Rouhani said the judiciary would assemble a special court with a high-ranking judge and tens of experts to oversee the investigation.[181]

On 14 January, it was announced that Iranian authorities had arrested the person who had published a video of the aircraft being shot down. An Iranian journalist based in London who initially posted the footage insisted his source was safe, and that the Iranian authorities had arrested the wrong person.[182] According to Tasnim News Agency and the semi-official Fars News Agency, Iranian authorities are looking for the person(s) who distributed the video.[183]

Families of the victims

Iran's Radio Farda reported that according to Zeytoun (a foreign-based Persian website) Iranian intelligence agents forced families of the victims to give interviews on state TV, declaring their support for the Iranian government or else the government would not deliver the bodies of the victims.[184]

In February, in Toronto, a proposed class action claim was filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against Iran, Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, and various branches of the Iranian military, among others.[185][186] Lawyers of the families of Canadian victims are seeking compensation of at least $1.1 billion.[187][188]

On 3 April 2020, the families of the victims formed an association in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to follow the case through legal avenue. The association's spokesman, Hamed Esmaeilion, said the association's aim is, "to bring the perpetrators of the crime to justice, including those who ordered it".[189] In July 2020, Esmaeilion was outraged that the ICAO had yet to condemn the incident, and pointed out that the ICAO needed only three months to adopt a unanimous resolution condemning in the strongest terms the destruction and alleged murders of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17.[190]

Ukraine

President Zelensky expressed condolences to the relatives of the victims[191] and cut short his diplomatic visit in Oman. He later added that several aircraft had been prepared in Kiev to travel to Tehran to transport the dead. He declared 9 January a national day of mourning, with Ukrainian flags flying at half-mast on government buildings. He also announced unscheduled inspections on every airliner in the country and asked Ukrainians to refrain from visiting Iran and Iraq for the time being.[192] On 11 January Zelensky said, "Ukraine insists on a full admission of guilt. We expect Iran to bring those responsible to justice, return the bodies, pay compensation and issue an official apology. The investigation must be full, open and continue without delays or obstacles."[193]

On 13 January, Ukraine's Foreign Minister, Vadym Prystaiko, said five of the countries that had citizens on board the airliner—Canada, Ukraine, Afghanistan, Sweden and an unnamed country—would meet in London on 16 January to discuss possible legal action.[64]

Canada

With the large loss of Canadian life, Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister François-Philippe Champagne and Transport Minister Marc Garneau both expressed sympathy for the victims. Champagne announced that he was in touch with the Ukrainian government, and Garneau announced that Canada was offering assistance in the investigation.[194] Prime Minister Justin Trudeau insisted on transparency and justice for the families and loved ones of the victims.[193] On 14 January, Trudeau said tensions and escalation between Iran and the United States were responsible for the shootdown.[195][196]

On March 31, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced the appointment of Ralph Goodale as Special Advisor to the Government of Canada.[197] Goodale will "examine lessons learned" from Flight 752, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302, Air India Flight 182 and other air disasters and "develop a framework to guide Canada's responses to international air disasters."[198]

United Kingdom

Prime Minister Boris Johnson called for the repatriation of the bodies of the dead and pledged to work with Canada and Ukraine.[193]

Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Iran, Robert Macaire was arrested on 11 January 2020 during protests in Tehran but released shortly afterwards.[199][200] The ambassador was detained on suspicion that he had joined demonstrations against the government; he denied this and clarified that he had attended an event advertised as a vigil, to pay respects to the victims, and had left five minutes after people started chanting. The British government called his arrest a "flagrant violation of international law".[200] Macaire had been arrested 30 minutes after leaving the vigil he said he had attended, according to The Guardian.[201] The following day Macaire was summoned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in order to explain his presence during the protest.[202] The U.S. has urged the Iranian regime to issue the British ambassador a formal apology for disregarding his rights and to reiterate that all the rights of diplomats should be respected.[203]

gollark: I don't think so, pretty sure it's just because the affected area is, you know, hot.
gollark: As far as I know it's due to ultraviolet from the sun, not (just?) heat.
gollark: I use Firefox, it even supports some addons.
gollark: It is better to make your actual site efficient and build in mobile support than redesign a new version with Google's proprietary technology. Except they boost AMP pages in search results on phones because why NOT be wildly anticompetitive?
gollark: What?

See also

Notes
  1. The list is based on Ukrainian sources, with notes indicating confirmed deviations.
  2. According to Iranian officials, 146 passengers used an Iranian passport to leave Iran; some victims from Canada were Canadian-Iranian citizens.
  3. Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister said "the number of Canadian citizens believed to have been aboard the airplane is 57—not 63 as initially provided by Ukrainian authorities."[28] There is no corresponding source about the six people said not to be Canadian, so the table cannot be changed, as the total would not add up.
  4. Two passengers and nine crew members[7][29]
  5. According to the Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs, seven Swedish citizens died on the flight.[30]
  6. The manifest initially released by UIA listed three Germans. These were subsequently identified as Afghans living in Germany as asylum seekers.[31]
  7. On 10 January, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson confirmed four Britons died on the flight.[32] It is unknown at present, which country's passport the fourth Briton presented.

References
  1. "Iran plane crash: Tor-M1 missiles fired at Ukraine jet". BBC. 21 January 2020.
  2. "UR-PSR Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  3. "Ukrainian Boeing plane crashes in Iran, 176 people dead". CNN. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  4. "Iran Says It Unintentionally Shot Down Ukrainian Airliner". The New York Times. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  5. "Ukrainian airplane with 180 aboard crashes in Iran: Fars". Reuters. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  6. "Ukrainian airliner crashes near Tehran: Iranian media". Al Jazeera. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  7. Oliphant, Roland; Mendick, Robert; Nicholls, Dominic (8 January 2020). "Iran plane crash: All 176 passengers killed as Ukraine Boeing 737 crashes near Tehran". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  8. "IRGC Releases Details of Accidental Downing of Ukrainian Plane". Iran Front Page. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  9. "Demands for justice after Iran's plane admission". BBC. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  10. "Iranian protesters call for Khamenei's resignation over plane crash". Axios. 13 January 2020.
  11. Bhattacharjee, Amanda Macias,Jacob Pramuk,Riya (7 January 2020). "Iran fires missiles at multiple bases housing US troops in Iraq". CNBC. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  12. "UR-PSR Ukraine International Airlines Boeing 737-800". www.planespotters.net. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  13. Baker, Sinéad (9 January 2020). "Ukrainian Flight 752 was on fire and seemed to be turning back before it crashed in Iran and killed 176 people, the first report into the disaster said". Business Insider. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  14. Baker, Sinéad (9 January 2020). "Ukrainian Flight 752 was on fire and seemed to be turning back before it crashed in Iran and killed 176 people, the first report into the disaster said". Business Insider.
  15. "Ukrainian airplane with over 170 aboard crashes in Iran; no survivors". Mehr News. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  16. Safi, Michael (8 January 2020). "Iran plane crash: Ukraine Boeing with more than 160 onboard comes down near Tehran". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  17. "Ukrainian flight PS752 crashes shortly after take off from Tehran". Flightradar24 Blog. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  18. Browne, Malachy; Hill, Evan; Mitchell, Logan; Marcolini, Barbara (14 January 2020). "New Video Shows Two Iranian Missiles Hit Ukrainian Plane". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  19. "Boeing 737 Bound for Ukraine Crashes in Iran; No Survivors". Bloomberg.com. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  20. Brown, Chris (12 January 2020). "Ukrainian investigators say they knew 'within hours' a missile had downed PS752". CBC News. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
  21. "Video purports to show moment Ukrainian passenger plane plummets near Tehran" – via www.youtube.com.
  22. Atshani, Mohammad (9 January 2020). "این فیلم از لحظه حادثه #پرواز۷۵۲ هواپیمایی #اوکراین رو یکی از بستگان در راه برگشت از فرودگاه امام گرفته. کاملاً مشخصه هواپیما چند دقیقه در آسمان دچار آتش‌سوزی بوده. مگر برخورد موشک هواپیما رو در دم منفجر و متلاشی نمی‌کنه؟" [The film captures one of the relatives on the way back from Imam Airport at the moment of the #Urgan flight #Ukraine. Quite a few minutes in the sky the plane was on fire. Doesn't the missile strike the plane in the tail and detonate it?]. @MohammadAtshani (in Persian). Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  23. Intel_Radar (9 January 2020). "A new video released for the Ukrainian airplane. #PS752pic.twitter.com/FyqCBAYPBF". @intel_radar24. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  24. "World leaders claim Iran caused airplane crash, killing 176". Sky News Australia. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  25. Gelles, David; Troianovski, Anton; Victor, Daniel (7 January 2020). "Little Clarity, Many Theories in Ukraine Airline Crash in Iran". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  26. "All 170 On Board Ukrainian Plane That Crashed In Iran Killed: Report". NDTV. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  27. Moshtaghian, Artemis; Berlinger, Joshua. "Ukrainian Airlines plane crashes in Tehran shortly after takeoff". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  28. "'Our profound regrets': Iran state TV says Ukrainian jet was 'unintentionally' shot down | National Post". 11 January 2020.
  29. "Тегеран: Пристайко опублікував список загиблих в авіакатастрофі МАУ". nv.ua. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  30. "Sweden halts Iran Air flights between Stockholm and Tehran". Reuters. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  31. "Flugzeugabsturz im Iran: Familie aus Nordrhein-Westfalen unter den Opfern". soester-anzeiger.de. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  32. "Western defence officials confident Iran 'shot down Ukraine jet'". The Independent. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  33. "Ukrainian airplane crashes near Tehran's Imam Khomeini Int'l Airport". Iranian Students News Agency. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  34. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. "Flight PS752 Passenger List". UIA. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  36. "176 Tote bei Flugzeugabsturz im Iran". Zeit Online (in German). Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020. Nach Informationen der Nachrichtenagentur dpa waren drei Menschen an Bord, die in Deutschland als Schutzsuchende registriert waren.
  37. "Dual Citizenship Iran". Dualcitizenship.com. Archived from the original on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  38. Jackson, Hannah (8 January 2020). "Iran plane crash: 138 passengers were connecting to Canada, Trudeau says". Global News. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  39. "Iran state TV says Ukrainian airplane crashes near Tehran". WBAL. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  40. "63 Canadians among dead after Ukrainian plane crash in Iran, airline says". CBC News. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  41. Weikle, Brandie (8 January 2020). "Why were so many Canadians on the plane that crashed in Iran?". CBC News. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  42. <cite news|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6415512/rcmp-identifying-victims-iran-plane-crash/%7Ctitle=RCMP helping to identify Canadian victims killed in downing of Ukraine Flight 752|date=January 15, 2020|newspaper=Global News}}
  43. "Fly UIA". Facebook.
  44. "Ukraine leader warns against 'speculation' after plane crash". The Economic Times. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  45. "Ukrainian experts leave for Iran to join probe into PS752 crash". UNIAN Information Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  46. "Iran plane crash: Ukraine International Airline jet crashes killing 176". BBC News. BBC News Online. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  47. جزئیات تماس خلبان بوئینگ 737‌ اوکراینی با برج مهرآباد تا پیش از سقوط‌ [Details of Ukrainian Boeing 737 pilot contact with Mehrabad tower before collapse] (in Persian). 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  48. Patel-Carstairs, Sunita; Storr, Kat. "Three Britons among 176 killed as plane crashes after takeoff in Tehran". Sky News. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  49. "Iran plane crash: Tehran won't give Boeing or US black boxes". BBC. 9 January 2020.
  50. Stimson, Brie (9 January 2020). "Russian missile strike eyed as one of many possible causes that led to plane crash in Iran: Ukraine". foxnews.com. Fox News. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  51. "Iran plane crash: Justin Trudeau says intel shows Ukraine jet downed by Iranian missile". USA Today. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  52. John, Tara (9 January 2020). "Ukrainian Boeing plane crash in Iran, investigators hunt for clues". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  53. Troianofski, Anton; Kitroeff, Natalie (9 January 2020). "U.S. Has 'Confidence' Ukrainian Plane Was Shot Down by Iranian Missile". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  54. Tara John; Meg Wagner; Mike Hayes; Fernando Alfonso III; Veronica Rocha (9 January 2020). "US official: Iranian authorities invite National Transportation Safety Board to join investigation". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  55. Tara John; Meg Wagner; Mike Hayes; Fernando Alfonso III; Veronica Rocha (9 January 2020). "Iran: Ukraine and Boeing have been invited to join investigation of Ukrainian Airlines crash". CNN.
  56. "January 8 Iran plane crash". CNN. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  57. Brennan, David (9 January 2020). "How U.S. sanctions on Iran could hamper Boeing plane crash investigation". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  58. "Boeing and US safety board invited to join probe of Ukraine-bound plane crash, Iran officials say". CNBC. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  59. Frias, Lauren (10 January 2020). "Iran is using bulldozers at the Ukrainian plane crash site, which could make it impossible to prove what happened". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  60. "Iran to Canada and allies: If you think we shot down Flight 752, prove it". National Post. 10 January 2020.
  61. "Ukrainian experts being on UIA plane crash site near Tehran do not confirm using of bulldozers". Interfax-Ukraine. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  62. Carroll, Oliver; Trew, Bel (10 January 2020). "Ukraine 'granted access' to Iran plane crash black box". The Independent. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  63. Cornwell, Alexander; Hafezi, Parisa (10 January 2020). "Iran to analyze black box after missile blamed for crash". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  64. "Iran detains suspects over Ukraine plane downing". BBC News. BBC. 14 January 2020. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  65. Gilles, Rob (23 January 2020). "Canada's TSB says Iran has invited it to examine black boxes". AP NEWS. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  66. "Iran aircraft pilot heard in leaked air visitors management audio speaking about "missile" hitting Ukraine passenger jet". News 230. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  67. "Iran plane downing: Tehran ends co-operation with Ukraine". BBC News. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
    "Iran knew from start it had shot down jet, says Ukrainian president". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  68. "Ukraine, Iran deciding where, when flight recorders to be decrypted". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 15 February 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  69. "Iran has asked for technical help on black boxes in downed plane". New West Record. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  70. "Canada to Press Iran to Send Downed Plane's Black Boxes to France". Kayhan Life. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  71. "Canada's Trudeau Demands From Iran Independent Probe Into Downed Airliner". The New York Times. Reuters. 14 February 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  72. "Iran agrees to transfer flight recorders from downed UIA plane to Ukraine". Kyiv Post. Interfax-Ukraine. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  73. Burke, Ashley (11 March 2020). "Iran's COVID-19 crisis delaying planned transfer of Flight 752's black boxes to Europe". CBC News. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  74. "Evidence from downed Ukrainian flight poses more puzzles about crash". Radio Farda. 21 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  75. Blanchfield, Mike (4 May 2020). "Iran chief's link to 1988 massacre raises obstacles in crash probe: Cotler". CBC News. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  76. "Ukraine at ICAO calls on Iran to immediately hand over flight recorders of downed UIA plane". www.ukrinform.net. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  77. "Report: Iran Will Send Flight Recorders From Ukrainian Jet To Paris". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  78. "Canada to Iran: ship flight 752 black boxes to France as soon as possible". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  79. "Iran to send black boxes from downed Ukrainian airliner to France". Reuters. 22 June 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  80. Blanchfield, Mike (20 July 2020). "Champagne rejects Iran's 'human error' finding as black boxes of Ukrainian airliner downloaded in Paris". The Globe and Mail Inc. The Canadian Press.
  81. "176 people killed in Boeing 737 crash in Iran, state TV reports". ABC News. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  82. "Iran refuses to give Boeing black box from Tehran crash". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  83. "Ukrainian plane crashes in Iran killing 176". 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  84. Khurshudyan, Isabelle; Cunningham, Erin (8 January 2020). "Ukrainian passenger plane with more than 170 onboard crashes in Iran, no survivors". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  85. Davies, Gareth; White, Josh (8 January 2020). "Iran plane crash: Ukraine refuses to rule out Boeing 737 was shot down by missile near Tehran killing 176". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  86. Jamali, Naveed; Laporta, James; Da Silva, Chantal; O'Connor, Tom (9 January 2020). "Iranian Missile System Shot Down Ukraine Flight, Probably By Mistake, Sources Say". Newsweek.com. Newsweek. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  87. "Iran missile shot down Ukraine-bound Boeing airliner, officials say". cnbc.com. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  88. "Iran Plane Crash: Western Powers Suggest Missile Downed Jet". BBC News Online. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  89. Mirovalev, Mansur (10 January 2020). "Zelenskyy: Claims Iran missile downed Ukraine plane 'unconfirmed'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  90. "Western defence officials confident Iran 'shot down Ukraine jet'". The Independent. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  91. "Iran 'mistakenly shot down Ukraine jet'—US media". BBC News Online. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  92. Lamoureux, Mack (9 January 2020). "Justin Trudeau Says Canada Believes Iran Shot Down Ukraine Flight 752". Vice. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  93. "چرا رسانه‌های آمریکا باید هواپیماسازی بوئینگ را از ورشکستگی نجات دهند؟" (in Persian). 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  94. "جزییات تسنیم از سناریوی سیا و پنتاگون برای نجات از تحقیر موشکی/دروغ بزرگ آمریکا درباره هواپیمای اوکراینی" (in Persian). 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  95. "Iran admits shooting down Ukrainian airliner 'unintentionally'" Archived 11 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, 11 January 2020.
  96. "Ukraine airline says plane had no warning of threat before Iran crash". Reuters. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020 – via www.reuters.com.
  97. "Iran Says It "Unintentionally" Shot Down Ukrainian Airlines Flight [Updated]". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  98. "Ukrainian passenger plane shot by missile in Iran had not veered off its normal course: statement". Reuters. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  99. "PS752: How could Iran have made such a terrible tragic mistake?". Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  100. "Ukrainian flight PS752 shot down shortly after take off from Tehran". 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  101. Khurshudyan, Isabelle; Ryan, Missy; Lamothe, Dan; Sonne, Paul (9 January 2020). "Iranian missile hit Ukrainian plane in possible unintentional firing, Western officials say". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  102. Porter, Tom; Collman, Ashley (10 January 2020). "Experts say 'panic' and 'poor training' could have resulted in Iran accidentally shooting down Ukrainian Flight 752". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  103. "Iran blames missile strike that downed Ukrainian airliner on bad communication, poor alignment". CBC. The Associated Press. 12 July 2020.
  104. Schwatrz, Matthew S. (12 July 2020). "Iranian Report Details Chain Of Mistakes In Shooting Down Ukrainian Passenger Plane". NPR.
  105. "Rich Kids of Tehran on Instagram: "The actual footage from the moment the #Ukrainian flight was shot down by a Russian-made Tor-M1 missile just moments after takeoff from ..."". Instagram. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  106. "Downing of Ukrainian plane and the world that never learns". The Manila Times. 18 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  107. Agencies (9 January 2020). "Iran plane crash: burning Boeing was trying to turn back, say Tehran investigators". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  108. Frias, Sinéad Baker, Michelle Mark, Lauren. "Everything we know so far about the Ukraine International Airlines Boeing 737 crash in Iran". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  109. "Iran denies Ukrainian plane was hit by missile—statement". Reuters. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  110. "BBC World Service—Newshour, Iran denies shooting down Ukrainian jet". BBC. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  111. Press, The Associated (10 January 2020). "Iran Denies Downing Ukrainian Plane, Asks West to Provide Evidence". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  112. Philip Bump (10 January 2020). "How open-source investigators quickly identified Iran's likely role in the crash of Flight 752". washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  113. "Video Apparently Showing Flight PS752 Missile Strike Geolocated to Iranian Suburb". bellingcat. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  114. "Video Apparently Showing Flight PS752 Missile Strike Geolocated to Iranian Suburb". bellingcat. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  115. Bill Galluccio (9 January 2020). "Report: Ukrainian Plane That Crashed In Iran Was Likely Hit By Missile". max1063.iheart.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  116. John Bacon (9 January 2020). "Iran plane crash report: Ukraine jet may have been hit by Iran missile". usatoday.com. USA Today. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  117. "Iran plane crash may have been 'shootdown event', aviation experts say". The Independent. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  118. "Trump on downed Ukrainian plane: 'Somebody could've made a mistake'". The Hill. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  119. Noroozi, Ibrahim (9 January 2020). "'Highly likely' Iran shot down Ukrainian airliner, US official says". abcnews. AP. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020.
  120. Pickrell, Ryan (9 January 2020). "The Ukrainian flight that crashed in Iran was 'highly likely' shot down by a missile, according to reported US intelligence". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  121. "Trudeau: Evidence Shows Iranian Missile Shot Down Jet In Possibly 'Unintentional' Act". National Public Radio. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  122. "Iran ambassador rejects 'absurd' claim bulldozers are clearing Ukraine jet crash site". Sky News. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  123. "Iran plane crash: Tehran insists it will supply black box data to Trump administration". The Independent. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  124. "Suleimani's death stifled rebellion in Iran. But a downed jetliner reignites dissent". Los Angeles Times. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  125. "Rich Kids of Tehran on Instagram: "Verified footage showing 2 x Tor-Missiles being fire at the #Ukrainian International Airline Flight #752 with a proximity of 30 second gap ..."". Instagram. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  126. Browne, Malachy; Hill, Evan; Mitchell, Logan; Marcolini, Barbara (14 January 2020). "New Video Shows Two Iranian Missiles Hit Ukrainian Plane". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  127. "Iran confirms that two missiles fired at the downed Ukrainian plane". Up News Info. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  128. "Iran confirms it fired two missiles at Ukrainian plane". France 24. France Médias Monde. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020. Investigators ... discovered that two Tor-M1 missiles ... were fired at the aircraft ...
  129. Parisa Hafezi (10 August 2020), Iran says European insurers should pay compensation for downed Ukrainian plane, Reuters, retrieved 13 August 2020
  130. "Canada Offers Financial Aid to Victim Families; Iran not Spared". True News Source. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  131. "Bodies of 11 Ukrainians killed in Iran plane crash sent home". River Bender. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  132. "Ceremony to commemorate the victims of the Ukraine International Airlines plane crash in the Islamic Republic of Iran is taking place at the Boryspil Airport—National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine". Rnbo.gov.ua. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  133. Kaminski-Morrow, Davin. "US bans Iranian and Iraqi overflights citing risk to aircraft". Flight Global. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  134. "FAA bans US airlines flying over Iraq, Iran and Gulf after missile attacks". South China Morning Post. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  135. Hatch, Patrick (8 January 2020). "Qantas to divert some flights after Iran missile attack". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  136. "Airlines re-route flights away from Iraq, Iran airspace after missile attack on U.S. troops". gulfnews.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  137. "Major airlines re-route flights away from Iraq, Iran airspace". The Business Times. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  138. "Singapore Airlines diverts all flights away from Iranian airspace after missile attack". TODAYonline. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  139. "KLM stops flying over Iran and Iraq". NL Times. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  140. "Airlines avoiding flying through Iran and Iraq airspace". France 24. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  141. "SriLankan reroutes Colombo-London flights to avoid Iran, Iraq airspace". AdaDerana. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  142. "Vietnam Airlines Reroutes Flights Amid Middle East Unrest". spirit.vietnamairlines.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  143. "Lufthansa cancels daily flight between Frankfurt and Tehran". Reuters. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  144. "Airlines re-route or cancel flights around Iraq, Iran after missile strike on U.S. troops". NBC News. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  145. "THY, Irak ve İran'a yaptığı seferleri geçici olarak durdurdu". Euronews (in Turkish). 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  146. "Information for passengers of UIA suspended flights to/from Tehran—Ukraine International Airlines (UIA) (Ukraine)". FlyUIA. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  147. "Kazakhstan's Air Astana suspends flights over Iraq, Iran". Trend.Az. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  148. "Kazakhstani air companies recommended to avoid flying over Iran". akipress.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  149. "Kazakhstani air companies recommended to avoid flying over Iran". m.akipress.com. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  150. "Air Canada among carriers changing flight paths after Iran plane crash". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The Associated Press. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  151. "Iran To Hold National Mourning Over Ukrainian Plane Crash, Stampede At Soleimani's Funeral". Republic World.
  152. Karimi, Nasser; Krauss, Joseph (11 January 2020). "Under pressure, Iran admits it shot down jetliner by mistake". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  153. "Iran plane crash: Ukrainian jet was 'unintentionally' shot down". BBC. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  154. "Ukraine Plane Shot Down Because of Human Error, Iran Says: Live Updates". The New York Times. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  155. "Iran's Khamenei defends Revolutionary Guard in Friday sermon". Al Jazeera. 17 January 2020. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
  156. "Iranian MP: Iran military did well in downing Ukrainian plane". english.alarabiya.net. 6 April 2020. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  157. "Iranian lawmaker praises downing of Ukrainian passenger plane | KyivPost—Ukraine's Global Voice". KyivPost. 7 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  158. "Iran faces protests, international blowback after shooting down airliner | DW | 12.01.2020". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  159. "Iran leaders face anger from protesters after Tehran admits missile error caused plane crash". CNBC. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  160. Johnson, Martin (11 January 2020). "Trump tweets message of support to Iranian protesters: 'Your courage is inspiring'". TheHill. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  161. "Protesters In Tehran Chant Against Khamenei For Deceiving Public About Plane Crash", Radio Farda, archived from the original on 11 January 2020, retrieved 11 January 2020
  162. "Iran Protests & Demonstrations | Iran Protest News Today". Official Website of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Council of Resistance of Iran. NCRI is a broad coalition of democratic Iranian organizations and personalities founded in 1981 in Tehran by Massoud Rajavi. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  163. "تجمع در چند شهر ایران در اعتراض به انکار اصابت موشک به هواپیمای اوکراینی؛ گاز اشک‌آور و شعار علیه رهبر و سپاه در تهران". BBC News فارسی (in Persian). 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  164. "Iran's 'Unforgivable Mistake' Downing Jet Elicits Furor At Home And Abroad". npr. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  165. "Iran plane crash: Protesters condemn 'lies' on downed jet". BBC News. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  166. "Furious protesters call for Iran's Supreme Leader to step down in wake of downed Ukrainian plane". France24. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  167. "Iranian Semi-Official News Agency Reports Anti-Government Protests". The New York Times. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  168. "Trump tells Iranian protesters he stands with them and warns Tehran: 'The world is watching'". CNBC. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  169. "'Our enemy is here': Iran protesters demand leaders quit after military admits it shot down plane". CNBC. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  170. Graham-Harrison, Emma (11 January 2020). "'They killed our sons and daughters': anger rises in Iran over Flight 752". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  171. "Protests erupt again in Iran after military admits it hit plane". Reuters. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020 – via www.reuters.com.
  172. "Defense secretary 'didn't see' intelligence backing Trump's claim of Iran plot against U.S. embassies". Los Angeles Times. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  173. "Exiled Prince Says Khamenei Responsible For Downing Of Ukraine Airliner". RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  174. "Protesters demand Iran's leaders quit after military admits it hit plane". Reuters. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  175. "Iran's Supreme Leader cannot be removed". Reuters. 13 November 2009.
  176. Iran: Scores injured as security forces use unlawful force to crush protest Archived 15 January 2020 at the Wayback Machines
  177. "Protesters Chant Anti-Regime Slogans At Funerals Of Iran Crash Victims". En.radiofarda.com. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  178. "Iran's Khamenei Defends Military Amid Anger Over Downed Plane". Rferl.org. 19 January 1990. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  179. Michael Safi in Beirut (14 January 2020). "Iran calls for UK ambassador to be expelled as arrests made over plane crash—The Guardian". Theguardian.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  180. 2043 GMT (0443 HKT) 14 January 2020 (14 January 2020). "Iran announces arrests over plane crash as Rouhani warns those responsible will be punished—CNN". Edition.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  181. "Iran plane downing: 'Several people detained' over airliner loss—BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  182. "Iran plane downing: Person who filmed video 'arrested'". BBC News. 14 January 2020. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  183. Ivana Kottasová; Chandler Thornton; Vasco Cotovio. "Iran makes arrests in connection to downing of Ukrainian jet". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  184. "Plane Crash Victims' Families Complain Of Harassment By Iranian Officials". RFE/RL. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  185. "Statement of Claim—Ukraine International Airlines (UIA) Flight PS752 dossier CV-20-00635078-00CP". Superior Court of Justice. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  186. "PS752 Class Action". ps752cassaction.ca. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  187. "Canadian lawyers file lawsuit against Iran over victims of downed Ukrainian plane". 7 February 2020. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2020 – via www.reuters.com.
  188. "Canadian Lawyers File Lawsuit Against Iran Over Downing Ukrainian Plane". Asharq AL-awsat. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  189. "Families of Victims Of Ukrainian Plane Shot Down By Iran Form Association". Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  190. Sevunts, Levon (25 June 2020). "Families of Flight PS752 victims outraged that UN agency hasn't condemned the attack". CBC.
  191. "All on board Ukrainian plane in Tehran crash dead". Arab News. 8 January 2020.
  192. "UkrInform: Jan. 9 declared day of mourning in Ukraine". Kyiv Post. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  193. Iran admits to shooting down Ukrainian plane in 'error' Archived 11 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine By LAURA KAYALI, Politico, 11 January 2020
  194. "What people are saying about the Ukrainian plane crash that killed 176". Vancouver Courier. The Canadian Press. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  195. Steinbuch, Yaron (14 January 2020). "Canadian PM Justin Trudeau blames downing of Ukraine jet on US 'escalation'". The New York Post. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  196. "Justin Trudeau: US escalation partly to blame for Iran plane deaths". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 14 January 2020. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  197. "Ralph Goodale named special advisor to feds on Iran plane crash". globalnews.ca. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020.
  198. "The Prime Minister announces Special Advisor for Canada's ongoing response to the Ukraine International Airlines tragedy" (Press release). PMO. 31 March 2020. Archived from the original on 31 March 2020.
  199. "UK ambassador to Iran arrested in Tehran". BBC News. 11 January 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  200. "Iran briefly detains UK ambassador accused of taking part in 'illegal' rally". France 24. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
  201. "UK denounces Iran's arrest of ambassador amid protest row". The Guardian. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  202. "Iran tensions: UK ambassador to Tehran summoned over 'inappropriate' behaviour after being detained". 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  203. "Iran arrests UK ambassador, US demands an apology". Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.