Tropical Storm Ana (2003)

Tropical Storm Ana was the first of two named tropical cyclones, along with Tropical Storm Arlene in 2017, on record in the North Atlantic basin to exist in the month of April. The first tropical cyclone of the 2003 season, it developed as a subtropical cyclone from a non-tropical low on April 20 to the west of Bermuda. It tracked east-southeastward and organized, and on April 21 it transitioned into a tropical cyclone with peak winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). Tropical Storm Ana turned east-northeastward, steadily weakening due to wind shear and an approaching cold front, and on April 24 it became an extratropical cyclone. The storm brushed Bermuda with light rain, and the remnants produced precipitation in the Azores and the United Kingdom. Swells generated by the storm capsized a boat along the Florida coastline, causing two fatalities.

For other cyclones named Ana, see Tropical Storm Ana.
Tropical Storm Ana
Tropical storm (SSHWS/NWS)
Tropical Storm Ana near peak intensity on April 21
FormedApril 20, 2003
DissipatedApril 27, 2003
(Extratropical after April 24)
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 60 mph (95 km/h)
Lowest pressure994 mbar (hPa); 29.35 inHg
Fatalities2 direct
DamageMinimal
Areas affectedFlorida, Bermuda, Azores, British Isles
Part of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season

Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

A non-tropical low pressure area developed about 240 miles (390 km) south-southwest of Bermuda on April 18 through the interaction of an upper-level trough and a surface frontal trough.[1] The surface trough, which extended from the gale center to Hispaniola, brought a plume of moisture northward from the Caribbean Sea into the circulation, which caused heavy rainfall in Puerto Rico.[2] The non-tropical low tracked generally northward,[1] with a ridge to its east and west,[3] and on April 19 the system began producing sporadic convection near its center; early that day, satellite imagery indicated the presence of a tight inner core of winds. After turning to the northwest, it looped southeastward and gradually became separated from the surface frontal system,[1] due to the deepening of the upper-level trough over the system.[4] Convection became better organized over the center, and it is estimated the system developed into Subtropical Storm Ana early on April 20 while located about 250 miles (400 km) west of Bermuda.[1] Operationally, the subtropical cyclone was not classified by the National Hurricane Center until 21 hours later.[5]

The subtropical storm tracked east-southeastward and continued to organize, and by late on April 20 an upper-level warm core was present over the system. Based on its organization, Ana is estimated to have become a tropical storm by 0000 UTC on April 21. Upon becoming a tropical storm, Ana attained a peak intensity of 60 mph (95 km/h), which was based on estimates from the Hebert-Poteat technique and data from QuikSCAT. Shortly thereafter, it made its closest point of approach to Bermuda, when it passed about 130 miles (210 km) southwest of the island.[1] Operationally, the cyclone was first classified by the National Hurricane Center around this time, when it was considered a subtropical cyclone.[5] Strong upper-level wind shear removed much of the convection,[6] though a small area of thunderstorms persisted near the center.[7] The storm became completely separated from the upper-level system,[8] and the cyclone re-organized, developing an eye feature late on April 21. Embedded within the flow of a cyclone to its north, Ana continued eastward,[9] and early on April 22 the wind shear again removed the convection from the center.[10] Convection waxed and waned throughout the day,[11] and by April 23 the circulation had deteriorated in organization.[12] After turning to the northeast, the circulation center merged with an approaching cold front on April 24, and Tropical Storm Ana completed the transition into an extratropical cyclone. The extratropical storm accelerated east-northeastward before losing its identity within the frontal zone on April 27 southeast of the Azores.[1]

Impact, records, and naming
Subtropical Storm Ana in the western Atlantic Ocean on April 20

Prior to the development of Ana, the government of Bermuda issued a gale warning for the island.[13] Upon its classification by the National Hurricane Center, a tropical storm warning was issued for Bermuda.[14] Meandering near the island for several days while developing, the storm dropped 2.63 inches (67 mm) of precipitation in a six-day period at the Bermuda International Airport. Winds on the island did not reach tropical storm force.[15] Swells from the storm impacted the coast of Florida.[1] The combination of the swells and an outgoing tide caused a boat to capsize in Jupiter Inlet on April 20; two of its occupants drowned, and the other two were rescued.[16] As an extratropical storm, the remnants of Ana dropped 0.87 inches (22 mm) of precipitation in the city of Ponta Delgada in the Azores. Moisture from the remnants of Ana also produced beneficial rainfall in the United Kingdom.[17] Two ships recorded tropical storm force winds in association with Ana; the Atlantic Forest recorded 51 mph (82 km/h) and a pressure of 998 mbar on April 22, and the Rosa Delmas reported winds of 47 mph (76 km/h) on April 23.[1]

On April 20, Ana became the second subtropical cyclone on record in the Atlantic basin in the month of April, after a subtropical storm in 1992. After attaining tropical characteristics, it became the first tropical storm on record in the month of April, and was among the earliest forming tropical or subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin.[1]

gollark: Low-level systems stuff. JS is probably more appropriate for this, even, as it actually has resizable arrays natively.
gollark: The "lib" prefix makes it sound like a native library.
gollark: "Libopenshot" isn't Python, I'm pretty sure?
gollark: C isn't an "overkill" tool, it's just the wrong one.
gollark: You can rewrite it 5 times and it'll still be quicker than making it work in C.

See also

References
  1. Beven, John L (December 19, 2003). Tropical Cyclone Report Tropical Storm Ana (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  2. Mike Tichacek (2003). "April 18 Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  3. Robbie Berg (2003). "April 19 Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  4. Robbie Berg (2003). "April 20 Tropical Weather Discussion". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  5. Jack Beven (2003). "Subtropical Storm Ana Discussion One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  6. Richard Pasch (2003). "Subtropical Storm Ana Discussion Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  7. Miles Lawrence (2003). "Subtropical Storm Ana Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  8. Miles Lawrence (2003). "Subtropical Storm Ana Discussion Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  9. Jack Beven (2003). "Subtropical Storm Ana Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  10. Richard Pasch (2003). "Subtropical Storm Ana Discussion Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  11. Stacy Stewart (2003). "Tropical Storm Ana Discussion Nine". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  12. Richard Pasch (2003). "Tropical Storm Ana Discussion Ten". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  13. Jack Beven (2003). "April 20 Special Tropical Disturbance Statement". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  14. Jack Beven (2003). "Subtropical Storm Ana Public Advisory One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  15. Bermuda Weather Service (2003). "Bermuda Weather for April 2003". Archived from the original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  16. National Climatic Data Center (2003). "Tropical Storm Ana Event Report". Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2007-12-15.
  17. Gary Padgett (2003). "April 2003 Global Tropical Cyclone Summary". Retrieved 2007-12-15.

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