Trigonostylops

Trigonostylops is an extinct genus of South American meridiungulatan ungulate, from the Late Paleocene to Late Eocene (Itaboraian to Tinguirirican in the SALMA classification) of South America (Argentina and Peru) and Antarctica (Seymour Island). It is the only member of the family Trigonostylopidae.

Trigonostylops
Temporal range: Late Paleocene-Late Eocene
(Itaboraian-Tinguirirican)
~58.7–33.9 Ma
Skull restoration of Trigonostylops
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Superorder:
†Meridiungulata
Order:
†Astrapotheria
Family:
†Trigonostylopidae
Genus:
†Trigonostylops

Type species
Trigonostylops wortmani
Ameghino 1897
Species
  • T. gegenbauri Roth 1899
  • T. wortmani Ameghino 1897

Description
Interpretation of T. wortmani

A complete skull of the type species, T. wortmani, has been found, and it has been classified as an astrapothere based on its large lower tusks. In comparison with the later Astrapotherium magnum, it is estimated to have been around 1.50 metres (4.9 ft) long.[1] Teeth, primarily molars, have been found and assigned to other species.

Phylogeny

Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis published by Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015, showing the position of Trigonostylops:[2]

 

Eoastrapostylops

 
 
 

Trigonostylops

 
 
 

Tetragonostylops

 
 
 

Albertogaudrya

 
 
 

Scaglia

 
 
 

Astraponotus

 
 
 

Maddenia

 
 
 

Comahuetherium

 
 
 

Parastrapotherium

 
 
Astrapotheriinae
 

Astrapotherium

 
 

Astrapothericulus

 
 
Uruguaytheriinae
 

Uruguaytherium

 
 
 
 

Hilarcotherium

 
 

Xenastrapotherium

 
 
 

Granastrapotherium

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Distribution

Locations of Trigonostylops fossils
Pozo Formation
Sarmiento Formation
Las Flores Formation
Not show: La Meseta Formation in Seymour Island, Antarctica

Fossils of Trigonostylops have been found in:[3]

Paleocene
Eocene
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References
  1. Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-84028-152-1.
  2. Vallejo Pareja et al., 2015
  3. Trigonostylops at Fossilworks.org
  4. Goin et al., 2009
  5. Dzik & Gaździcki, 2001
  6. Vera, 2012
  7. Cifelli, 29185, p.5
  8. Antoine et al., 2011

Bibliography
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