Trebenna

Trebenna (Τρεβέννα) or Trabenna (Τραβέννα)[1] was a city in ancient Lycia, at the border with Pamphylia, and at times ascribed to that latter region.[2] Its ruins are located east of the modern town Çağlarca in the Konyaaltı district of Antalya Province, Turkey. The site lies 22 kilometers to the west of Antalya.

Trebenna

Ancient City of Trebenna, View of the Acropolis
Shown within Turkey
Location	Çağlarca, Konyaaltı, Antalya Province, Turkey
Region	Lycia
Coordinates	36°51′57″N 30°28′35″E
Type	Settlement

History

The city isn't mentioned by any ancient author and its name is only known through coins and inscriptions. The name is mentioned for the first time in history on the Stadiasmus Patarensis, a Roman milestone excavated at Patara. The inscription on the milestone was made during the reign of Claudius and is dated to 45/46 AD. There is no evidence for the existence of the city during the Hellenistic period. Under Roman rule the city was part of the Lycian League.[3]

The only coins excavated at the site bear the image of Gordian III, who granted the city the right to mint coins.[4] An inscription dated to 278/279 AD states that the city was designated as a Roman colony during the rule of Terentius Marcianus, the governor of the Roman province of Lycia-Pamphylia at that time.[5] Under the Byzantine Empire the city became part of Pamphylia.[6]

Excavation history

Trebenna was discovered by Karol Lanckoroński. In 1882 he joined a scientific expedition to Lycia with the goal of describing many sites which were either completely unknown or poorly researched at the time. He provided a brief description of the city in a publication of the expedition's discoveries in 1892.[7]

Layout

The ruins of the city lie on a small hill and are surrounded by an early Byzantine wall. Within the walled area many inscriptions and sarcophagi were found. It contains the ruins of Roman baths and an early Byzantine basilica. The Roman baths are notable for their relatively large size and high quality in a smaller city as Trebenna. With a size of 302 square meters (423 square meters including the walls) they are comparable to the baths in the most important Lycian cities.[8] An acropolis was added to the city in the middle Byzantine period. A middle Byzantine church is located near it.

• Images from Trebenna
• 
  Lower part of Trebenna.
• 
  View of Antalya and the Gulf of Antalya from the Acropolis
• 
  An old column.
• 
  A Byzantine one-room church time.
• 
  A vandalized sarcophagus.
• 
  Greek inscriptions on a stone.
• 
  Greek inscription plate.

References

1. Sencer Şahin and Mustafa Adak (2007). Stadiasmus Patarensis (in German). Antalya. pp. 232–233. ISBN 9789758071791.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
2. Stillwell, Richard; MacDonald, William L.; McAllister, Marian Holland, eds. (1976). "Trebenna". The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press.
3. Çevik, Varkıvanç & Akyürek 2005, pp. 162–163.
4. Çevik, Varkıvanç & Akyürek 2005, p. 164.
5. Çevik, Varkıvanç & Akyürek 2005, p. 165.
6. Çevik, Varkıvanç & Akyürek 2005, p. 161.
7. Lanckoroński 1892, p. 78.
8. Çevik & Varkıvanç 2004.

Sources

Çevik, Nevzat; Varkıvanç, Burhan (2004). "An Evaluation of the Roman Rural Baths of Lycia in the Light of Two New Examples from Trebenna and Typallia". Adalya. 7: 223–250.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Çevik, Nevzat; Varkıvanç, Burhan; Akyürek, Engin, eds. (2005). Trebenna: Its History, Archaeology and Natural Environment. Adalya Supplementary Series (in Turkish and English). 1. Istanbul: Suna & İnan Kıraç Research Institute on Mediterranean Civilizations. ISBN 9789757078289.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Lanckoroński, Karl Grafen (1892). Stadte Pamphyliens und Pisidiens. 2. Vienna: F. Tempsky.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
• Coins from Trebenna