Timeline of the National Football League
This article is a timeline of the National Football League (NFL). It tracks the history of each of the league's 32 current franchises from the early days of the league, through its merger with the American Football League (AFL). The history of franchises that began as independent teams, or as members of the Ohio League, New York Pro Football League, and other defunct leagues are shown as well.
NFL timeline
1920–1931: The Birth Of The NFL
1920
The American Professional Football Association is formed. The fourteen teams were mainly drawn from the Ohio League, Chicago Circuit, New York Pro Football League and other teams from the lower midwest. A $100 membership fee was charged. The Chicago Tigers folded after the season.[1]
^ Team folded this season |
Akron Pros | Dayton Triangles | |
Buffalo All-Americans | Decatur Staleys | |
Canton Bulldogs | Detroit Heralds | |
Chicago Cardinals | Hammond Pros | |
Chicago Tigers ^ | Muncie Flyers | |
Cleveland Tigers | Rochester Jeffersons | |
Columbus Panhandles | Rock Island Independents |
1921
Number of teams increased to 21. Four teams lasted only one season. Three other franchises folded.
1920 name | 1921 name |
---|---|
Decatur Staleys | Chicago Staleys |
Detroit Heralds | Detroit Tigers |
Cleveland Tigers | Cleveland Indians |
First season in APFA * | Team folded this season ^ | Only season in the league § |
Akron Pros | Columbus Panhandles | Minneapolis Marines* | ||
Buffalo All-Americans | Dayton Triangles | Muncie Flyers ^ | ||
Canton Bulldogs | Detroit Tigers ^ | New York Brickley Giants § | ||
Chicago Cardinals | Evansville Crimson Giants * | Rochester Jeffersons | ||
Chicago Staleys | Green Bay Packers* | Rock Island Independents | ||
Cincinnati Celts § | Hammond Pros | Tonawanda Kardex § | ||
Cleveland Indians ^ | Louisville Brecks * | Washington Senators § |
1922
The APFA was renamed the National Football League. Four new franchises awarded.
1921 team name | 1922 team name |
---|---|
Chicago Staleys | Chicago Bears |
First season in NFL * | Team folded this season ^ |
Akron Pros | Dayton Triangles | Minneapolis Marines | ||
Buffalo All-Americans | Evansville Crimson Giants ^ | Oorang Indians * | ||
Canton Bulldogs | Green Bay Packers | Racine Legion * | ||
Chicago Bears | Hammond Pros | Rochester Jeffersons | ||
Chicago Cardinals | Louisville Brecks | Rock Island Independents | ||
Columbus Panhandles | Milwaukee Badgers * | Toledo Maroons * |
1923
A new and distinct Cleveland Indians franchise was formed. Two other teams joined the NFL, the Duluth Kelleys and the St. Louis All Stars. The St. Louis team folded after one season.
1922 team name | 1923 team name |
---|---|
Columbus Panhandles | Columbus Tigers |
First season in NFL * | Team folded this season ^ | Last season before hiatus, rejoined league later § |
Akron Pros | Cleveland Indians * | Hammond Pros | Racine Legion | |||
Buffalo All-Americans | Columbus Tigers | Louisville Brecks ^ | Rochester Jeffersons | |||
Canton Bulldogs § | Dayton Triangles | Milwaukee Badgers | Rock Island Independents | |||
Chicago Bears | Duluth Kelleys * | Minneapolis Marines | St. Louis All Stars * ^ | |||
Chicago Cardinals | Green Bay Packers | Oorang Indians ^ | Toledo Maroons ^ |
1924
Before the season, the owner of the Cleveland Indians bought the Canton Bulldogs and "mothballed" it, taking the team's nickname and players to Cleveland for the season. The Canton Bulldogs had won the NFL championship in 1923, and won it again as the Cleveland Bulldogs in 1924.
1923 team name | 1924 team name |
---|---|
Buffalo All-Americans | Buffalo Bisons |
Cleveland Indians | Cleveland Bulldogs |
First season in NFL * | Team folded this season ^ | Last season before hiatus, rejoined league later § |
Akron Pros | Dayton Triangles | Kenosha Maroons *^ | ||
Buffalo Bisons | Duluth Kelleys | Milwaukee Badgers | ||
Chicago Bears | Frankford Yellow Jackets * | Minneapolis Marines § | ||
Cleveland Bulldogs | Green Bay Packers | Racine Legion § | ||
Columbus Tigers | Hammond Pros | Rochester Jeffersons | ||
Chicago Cardinals | Kansas City Blues * | Rock Island Independents |
1925
The Canton Bulldogs were reactivated. Four other franchises were awarded. This was the final season for the Rochester Jeffersons.
1924 team name | 1925 team name |
---|---|
Kansas City Blues | Kansas City Cowboys |
First season in NFL * | Last active season ^ | Last season before hiatus, rejoined league later § |
Team jumped to the AFL † | Rejoined the NFL ** |
Akron Pros | Columbus Tigers | Frankford Yellow Jackets | New York Giants * | |||
Buffalo Bisons | Cleveland Bulldogs § | Green Bay Packers | Providence Steam Roller * | |||
Chicago Bears | Dayton Triangles | Hammond Pros | Pottsville Maroons * | |||
Chicago Cardinals | Duluth Kelleys | Kansas City Cowboys | Rochester Jeffersons ^ | |||
Canton Bulldogs ** | Detroit Panthers * | Milwaukee Badgers | Rock Island Independents † |
1926
The league grew to 22 teams, a figure that would not be equaled in professional football until 1961, adding the Brooklyn Lions, the Hartford Blues, the Los Angeles Buccaneers, and the Louisville Colonels, with Racine Tornadoes re-entering.
1925 team name | 1926 team name |
---|---|
Racine Legion | Racine Tornadoes |
Duluth Kelleys | Duluth Eskimos |
Akron Pros | Akron Indians |
Buffalo Bisons | Buffalo Rangers |
First season in NFL * | Rejoined the NFL † | Last active season ^ |
Akron Indians ^ | Duluth Eskimos | |
Brooklyn Lions *^ | Hammond Pros ^ | |
Buffalo Rangers | Hartford Blues *^ | |
Chicago Bears | Kansas City Cowboys ^ | |
Chicago Cardinals | Los Angeles Buccaneers *^ | |
Dayton Triangles | Louisville Colonels *^ | |
Green Bay Packers | Milwaukee Badgers ^ | |
Frankford Yellow Jackets | New York Giants | |
Canton Bulldogs ^ | Providence Steam Roller | |
Columbus Tigers ^ | Pottsville Maroons | |
Detroit Panthers ^ | Racine Tornadoes †^ |
1927
Prior to the season, the league decided to eliminate the financially weaker teams. As a result, the league dropped from 22 to 12 teams, and a majority of the remaining teams were centered around the East Coast instead of the Midwest, where the NFL had started. The New York Yankees were added from the American Football League and the Cleveland Bulldogs returned.
1926 team name | 1927 team name |
---|---|
Buffalo Rangers | Buffalo Bisons |
Rejoined the NFL † | Merged from 1926 AFL * |
Last active season ^ | Last season before hiatus, rejoined league later § |
Buffalo Bisons |
Chicago Bears |
Chicago Cardinals |
Cleveland Bulldogs † |
Dayton Triangles |
Duluth Eskimos ^ |
Green Bay Packers |
Frankford Yellow Jackets |
New York Giants |
New York Yankees * |
Pottsville Maroons |
Providence Steam Roller |
1928
The NFL drops to ten teams. Two teams had folded, the Buffalo Bisons sat out the season and the Cleveland Bulldogs moved and played as the Detroit Wolverines.
1927 team name | 1928 team name |
---|---|
Cleveland Bulldogs | Detroit Wolverines |
Last active season ^ |
Chicago Bears |
Chicago Cardinals |
Dayton Triangles |
Detroit Wolverines ^ |
Frankford Yellow Jackets |
Green Bay Packers |
New York Giants |
New York Yankees ^ |
Providence Steam Roller |
Pottsville Maroons |
1929
The league increased back to 12 teams with the addition of two franchises, the Staten Island Stapletons, and the Orange Tornadoes. Two mothballed teams activated for the season. Minneapolis re-entered as the Red Jackets and the re-entry of the Buffalo Bisons.
1928 team name | 1929 team name |
---|---|
Minneapolis Marines | Minneapolis Red Jackets |
Pottsville Maroons | Boston Bulldogs |
First season in NFL * | Rejoined the NFL ** | Last active season ^ |
Boston Bulldogs ^ |
Buffalo Bisons **^ |
Chicago Bears |
Chicago Cardinals |
Dayton Triangles |
Frankford Yellow Jackets |
Green Bay Packers |
Minneapolis Red Jackets ** |
New York Giants |
Orange Tornadoes * |
Providence Steam Roller |
Staten Island Stapletons * |
1930
Prior to the season, Brooklyn businessmen William B. Dwyer and John C. Depler bought the Dayton Triangles, moved it, and renamed it the Brooklyn Dodgers. The Orange Tornadoes relocated to Newark. The Portsmouth Spartans entered as a new team.
1929 team name | 1930 team name |
---|---|
Orange Tornadoes | Newark Tornadoes |
Dayton Triangles | Brooklyn Dodgers |
First season in NFL * | Last active season ^ |
Brooklyn Dodgers |
Chicago Bears |
Chicago Cardinals |
Frankford Yellow Jackets |
Green Bay Packers |
Minneapolis Red Jackets ^ |
New York Giants |
Newark Tornadoes ^ |
Providence Steam Roller |
Portsmouth Spartans * |
Staten Island Stapletons |
1931
The league decreased to 10 teams due to financial hardships caused by the Great Depression. While the Cleveland Indians joined as an expansion team, the league lost the Minneapolis Red Jackets and the Newark Tornadoes, and the Frankford Yellow Jackets folded midway through the season.
First season in NFL * | Last active season ^ |
Brooklyn Dodgers |
Chicago Bears |
Chicago Cardinals |
Cleveland Indians *^ |
Frankford Yellow Jackets ^ |
Green Bay Packers |
New York Giants |
Providence Steam Roller ^ |
Portsmouth Spartans |
Staten Island Stapletons |
The Championships Starts
1932
The Boston Braves (now the Washington Football Team) enfranchised.
First season in NFL * | Team folded this season ^ |
Boston Braves* |
Brooklyn Dodgers |
Chicago Bears |
Chicago Cardinals |
Green Bay Packers |
New York Giants |
Portsmouth Spartans |
Staten Island Stapletons^ |
1933
- Three new teams enfranchised:
- Cincinnati Reds
- Philadelphia Eagles
- Pittsburgh Pirates (now Pittsburgh Steelers)
- League split into Eastern and Western Divisions
- First season in history of the league no team folds or suspends operations
1932 team name | 1933 team name |
---|---|
Boston Braves | Boston Redskins |
First season in NFL * |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
Boston Redskins | Chicago Bears |
Brooklyn Dodgers | Chicago Cardinals |
New York Giants | Cincinnati Reds* |
Philadelphia Eagles* | Green Bay Packers |
Pittsburgh Pirates* | Portsmouth Spartans |
1934
- Portsmouth Spartans moved to Detroit; renamed the Lions
- Cincinnati Reds cease operations during season, and are replaced by the St Louis Gunners for the final 3 games.
1933 team name | 1934 team name |
---|---|
Portsmouth Spartans | Detroit Lions |
First and last season in NFL † | Last active season ^ |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
Brooklyn Dodgers | Chicago Bears |
New York Giants | Chicago Cardinals |
Philadelphia Eagles | Detroit Lions |
Pittsburgh Pirates | Green Bay Packers |
Boston Redskins | Cincinnati Reds ^ |
St. Louis Gunners † |
1935–1936
- Neither Cincinnati Reds nor St. Louis Gunners return for 1935 season.
Eastern Division | Western Division |
Brooklyn Dodgers | Chicago Bears |
New York Giants | Chicago Cardinals |
Philadelphia Eagles | Detroit Lions |
Pittsburgh Pirates | Green Bay Packers |
Boston Redskins |
1937–1939
- Cleveland Rams (now Los Angeles Rams) enfranchised
- Boston Redskins move to Washington, D.C.
1936 team name | 1937 team name |
---|---|
Boston Redskins | Washington Redskins |
1937 is first season in NFL * |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
---|---|
Brooklyn Dodgers | Chicago Bears |
New York Giants | Chicago Cardinals |
Philadelphia Eagles | Cleveland Rams* |
Pittsburgh Pirates | Detroit Lions |
Washington Redskins | Green Bay Packers |
The 1940s: World War II mergers
1940–1942
1939 team name | 1940 team name |
---|---|
Pittsburgh Pirates | Pittsburgh Steelers |
Team mothballed after season, rejoined league 1944 § |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
Brooklyn Dodgers | Chicago Bears |
New York Giants | Chicago Cardinals |
Philadelphia Eagles | Cleveland Rams § |
Pittsburgh Steelers | Detroit Lions |
Washington Redskins | Green Bay Packers |
1943
- Philadelphia and Pittsburgh merge to form "Phil-Pitt"
Two teams merge for season † |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
Brooklyn Dodgers | Chicago Bears |
New York Giants | Chicago Cardinals |
Phil-Pitt Steagles † | Detroit Lions |
Washington Redskins | Green Bay Packers |
1944
- Boston Yanks enfranchised.
- Cleveland Rams resume operations.
- Steagles end merger, Eagles resume operations
- Steelers merge with Cardinals to form "Card-Pitt"
1943 team name | 1944 team name |
---|---|
Brooklyn Dodgers | Brooklyn Tigers |
First season in NFL * | Rejoined the NFL ** | Two teams merge for season † |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
Boston Yanks * | Chicago Bears |
Brooklyn Tigers | Card-Pitt † |
New York Giants | Cleveland Rams |
Philadelphia Eagles | Detroit Lions |
Washington Redskins | Green Bay Packers |
1945
- Card-Pitt splits into Chicago Cardinals and Pittsburgh Steelers
- Brooklyn Tigers merge with Boston Yanks, named simply "The Yanks"
Two teams merge for season † |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
The Yanks † | Chicago Bears |
New York Giants | Chicago Cardinals |
Philadelphia Eagles | Cleveland Rams |
Pittsburgh Steelers | Detroit Lions |
Washington Redskins | Green Bay Packers |
1946–1948
- Brooklyn Tigers cease operations
- Boston Yanks resume normal operations
- Cleveland Rams move to Los Angeles
1945 team name | 1946 team name |
---|---|
Cleveland Rams | Los Angeles Rams |
Last active season was 1948 ^ |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
Boston Yanks ^ | Chicago Bears |
New York Giants | Chicago Cardinals |
Philadelphia Eagles | Detroit Lions |
Pittsburgh Steelers | Green Bay Packers |
Washington Redskins | Los Angeles Rams |
1949
- Boston Yanks cease operations
- New York Bulldogs enfranchised from the remains of the Boston Yanks
First season in NFL * |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
New York Bulldogs * | Chicago Bears |
New York Giants | Chicago Cardinals |
Philadelphia Eagles | Detroit Lions |
Pittsburgh Steelers | Green Bay Packers |
Washington Redskins | Los Angeles Rams |
The 1950s: AAFC merger
1950
- Eastern Division renamed to American Conference
- Western Division renamed to National Conference
- San Francisco 49ers, Cleveland Browns, and the first Baltimore Colts all enfranchised from now-defunct All-America Football Conference. The Colts fold after the 1950 season.
- New York Bulldogs change name to New York Yanks, move to National Conference
- Chicago Cardinals move to American Conference
1949 team name | 1950 team name |
New York Bulldogs | New York Yanks |
Teams merge from AAFC ** | Last active season ^ |
American Conference | National Conference |
Chicago Cardinals | Chicago Bears |
Cleveland Browns ** | New York Yanks |
New York Giants | Detroit Lions |
Philadelphia Eagles | Green Bay Packers |
Pittsburgh Steelers | Los Angeles Rams |
Washington Redskins | San Francisco 49ers ** |
Baltimore Colts ** ^ |
1951
- The New York Yanks fold after the 1951 season.
Last active season ^ |
American Conference | National Conference |
Chicago Cardinals | Chicago Bears |
Cleveland Browns | New York Yanks ^ |
New York Giants | Detroit Lions |
Philadelphia Eagles | Green Bay Packers |
Pittsburgh Steelers | Los Angeles Rams |
Washington Redskins | San Francisco 49ers |
1952
- Dallas Texans enfranchised with the remains of the now-defunct New York Yanks, but fold after one season and to date last NFL team to fold.
First and last season in NFL * |
American Conference | National Conference |
Chicago Cardinals | Chicago Bears |
Cleveland Browns | Dallas Texans * |
New York Giants | Detroit Lions |
Philadelphia Eagles | Green Bay Packers |
Pittsburgh Steelers | Los Angeles Rams |
Washington Redskins | San Francisco 49ers |
1953–1959
- American Conference renamed the Eastern Conference
- National Conference renamed the Western Conference
- A second and distinct Baltimore Colts team (now Indianapolis Colts) enfranchised from the remains of the Dallas Texans
1953 is first season in NFL * |
Eastern Conference | Western Conference |
Chicago Cardinals | Baltimore Colts * |
Cleveland Browns | Chicago Bears |
New York Giants | Detroit Lions |
Philadelphia Eagles | Green Bay Packers |
Pittsburgh Steelers | Los Angeles Rams |
Washington Redskins | San Francisco 49ers |
The 1960s: NFL and AFL
1960
- American Football League (AFL) begins operations with eight teams as a rival to the NFL.
- Dallas Cowboys enfranchised by NFL
- Chicago Cardinals move to St. Louis
1959 team name | 1960 team name |
---|---|
Chicago Cardinals | St. Louis Cardinals |
First season in NFL * |
Eastern Division | Western Division |
Boston Patriots | Denver Broncos |
Buffalo Bills | Dallas Texans |
Houston Oilers | Oakland Raiders |
Titans of New York | Los Angeles Chargers |
1961–1962
- NFL enfranchises the Minnesota Vikings
- Los Angeles Chargers move to San Diego
- Dallas Cowboys move to Eastern Division
1960 team name | 1961 team name |
---|---|
Los Angeles Chargers | San Diego Chargers |
1961 is first season in NFL * |
Eastern | Western |
Boston Patriots | Denver Broncos |
Buffalo Bills | Dallas Texans |
Houston Oilers | Oakland Raiders |
Titans of New York | San Diego Chargers |
1963–1965
- Dallas Texans move to Kansas City; renamed the Chiefs
- Titans of New York renamed New York Jets
1962 team name | 1963 team name |
---|---|
Titans of New York | New York Jets |
Dallas Texans | Kansas City Chiefs |
Eastern | Western |
Boston Patriots | Denver Broncos |
Buffalo Bills | Kansas City Chiefs |
Houston Oilers | Oakland Raiders |
New York Jets | San Diego Chargers |
1966
- Atlanta Falcons enfranchised by NFL
- Miami Dolphins enfranchised by AFL
- First AFL-NFL championship game played.
First season in NFL * | First season in AFL ** |
Eastern | Western |
Boston Patriots | Denver Broncos |
Buffalo Bills | Kansas City Chiefs |
Houston Oilers | Oakland Raiders |
Miami Dolphins ** | San Diego Chargers |
New York Jets |
1967
- NFL Eastern Conference divided into Capitol and Century Divisions
- NFL Western Conference divided into Coastal and Central Divisions
- New Orleans Saints enfranchised by NFL
- Atlanta Falcons move to Western Conference
First season in NFL * |
Eastern | Western |
Buffalo Bills | Denver Broncos |
Miami Dolphins | Kansas City Chiefs |
Boston Patriots | Oakland Raiders |
New York Jets | San Diego Chargers |
Houston Oilers |
1968
- Cincinnati Bengals are enfranchised
- New York Giants move to Capitol Division
- New Orleans Saints move to Century Division
First season in AFL ** |
Eastern | Western |
Buffalo Bills | Denver Broncos |
Miami Dolphins | Kansas City Chiefs |
Boston Patriots | Oakland Raiders |
New York Jets | San Diego Chargers |
Houston Oilers | Cincinnati Bengals ** |
1969
- New York Giants move back to Century Division
- New Orleans moves back to Capitol Division
Eastern | Western |
Buffalo Bills | Denver Broncos |
Miami Dolphins | Kansas City Chiefs |
Boston Patriots | Oakland Raiders |
New York Jets | San Diego Chargers |
Houston Oilers | Cincinnati Bengals |
The 1970s: AFL–NFL merger
1970
- AFL and NFL merge
- AFL Eastern and Western Divisions become AFC East and AFC West, respectively
- AFC Central formed.
- NFL Century Division teams split up between AFC Central and NFC East
- NFL Capitol Division becomes nucleus of NFC East
- NFL Central Division becomes NFC Central
- NFL Coastal Division becomes nucleus of NFC West
- Houston moves from AFL East to AFC Central
- Cincinnati moves from AFL West to AFC Central
- New Orleans moves from NFL Capitol to NFC West
- Cleveland moves from NFL Century to AFC Central
- New York Giants move from NFL Century to NFC East
- Pittsburgh moves from NFL Century to AFC Central
- St. Louis moves from NFL Century to NFC East
- Baltimore moves from NFL Coastal to AFC East
AFC | East | Central | West |
---|---|---|---|
Baltimore Colts | Cincinnati Bengals | Denver Broncos | |
Boston Patriots | Cleveland Browns | Kansas City Chiefs | |
Buffalo Bills | Houston Oilers | Oakland Raiders | |
Miami Dolphins | Pittsburgh Steelers | San Diego Chargers | |
New York Jets | |||
NFC | East | Central | West |
Dallas Cowboys | Chicago Bears | Atlanta Falcons | |
New York Giants | Detroit Lions | Los Angeles Rams | |
Philadelphia Eagles | Green Bay Packers | New Orleans Saints | |
St. Louis Cardinals | Minnesota Vikings | San Francisco 49ers | |
Washington Redskins | |||
1971–1975
- Boston Patriots are renamed New England Patriots.
1976
- Seattle Seahawks are enfranchised
- Tampa Bay Buccaneers are enfranchised
First season in NFL * |
1977–1981
- Seattle moves from NFC West to AFC West
- Tampa Bay moves from AFC West to NFC Central
The 1980s and 1990s
1982–1983
- Oakland Raiders move to Los Angeles.
1984–1987
1988–1993
- St. Louis Cardinals move to Phoenix
1994
- Phoenix Cardinals renamed Arizona Cardinals
1995
- Carolina Panthers enfranchised
- Jacksonville Jaguars enfranchised
- Los Angeles Raiders move back to Oakland
- Los Angeles Rams move to St. Louis
First season in NFL * | Team deactivated until 1999 § |
1996
- Cleveland Browns franchise deactivated
- Baltimore Ravens enfranchised with remains of deactivated Cleveland Browns
First season in NFL * |
1997–1998
- Houston Oilers announce that they will move to Nashville and are renamed the Tennessee Oilers. They play the 1997 season in Memphis and the 1998 season at Vanderbilt Stadium in Nashville while a new stadium is built in Nashville.
1999–2001
- Cleveland Browns franchise reinstated
- Tennessee Oilers renamed Tennessee Titans
The 2000s: Realignment
2002–2015
- The NFL realigns to create four divisions with four teams each in both conferences.
- Arizona (NFC East) and Seattle (AFC West) join the NFC West
- NFC Central renamed NFC North
- AFC Central renamed AFC North
- NFC South created
- Tampa Bay moves from the old NFC Central
- New Orleans, Atlanta, and Carolina move from the NFC West
- AFC South created
- Jacksonville and Tennessee move from the old AFC Central
- Indianapolis moves from the AFC East
- Houston Texans enfranchised
2002 is first season in NFL * |
2016
- St. Louis Rams return to Los Angeles after 21 seasons.[5][6]
2017–2019
- San Diego Chargers return to Los Angeles after 56 seasons.[7][8][9]
2020–present
- Oakland Raiders move to Las Vegas.[10][11][12]
- The Washington Redskins adopt the temporary name of Washington Football Team for the 2020 season until they choose a new name in response to controversy over their previous name.[13]
See also
References
- https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/
- "Realignment for 2002". NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. May 22, 2001. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
- "New alignment takes effect in 2002". ESPN Internet Ventures, LLC. Associated Press. May 22, 2001. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
- Freeman, Mike (May 23, 2001). "PRO FOOTBALL; Owners Approve N.F.L. Realignment". The New York Times. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
- Hanzus, Dan (January 12, 2016). "Rams to relocate to L.A.; Chargers first option to join". NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
- "Rams to Return to Los Angeles". TheRams.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. January 12, 2016. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- "Chargers to Relocate to Los Angeles". Chargers.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. January 12, 2017. Archived from the original on April 28, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- Knoblauch, Austin (January 12, 2017). "Chargers announce decision to relocate to Los Angeles". NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
- Wilson, Ryan (January 12, 2017). "Chargers are moving to Los Angeles after 56 years in San Diego". CBSSports.com. CBS Sports. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- Rosenthal, Gregg (March 27, 2017). "NFL team owners approve Raiders' move to Las Vegas". NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- Raiders Media Relations (March 27, 2017). "Raiders Receive NFL Approval For Las Vegas Relocation". Raiders.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
- Disis, Jill; Byres, Dylan (March 27, 2017). "NFL approves Raiders' move to Las Vegas". CNN.com. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
- Schefter, Adam (July 23, 2020). "Washington NFL team to use 'Washington Football Team' for 2020 season". ESPN.com. Retrieved July 23, 2020.