Duluth Eskimos

The Duluth Eskimos were a professional football team from Duluth, Minnesota in the National Football League (NFL). After spending most of their time as a traveling team, they withdrew from the league after the 1927 season.

Duluth Eskimos
Founded1923
Folded1927
Based inDuluth, Minnesota, United States
LeagueNational Football League
Team historyDuluth Kelleys (1923–1925)
Duluth Eskimos (1926–1927)
Orange Tornadoes (1929)
Newark Tornadoes (1930)
Team colorsRed, White (Duluth Kelleys)
         
Midnight Blue, White (Duluth Eskimos)
         
Head coachesJoey Sternaman (1923)
Dewey Scanlon (1924–1926)
Ernie Nevers (1927)
Owner(s)Ole Haugsrud
Named forKelley-Duluth Hardware Store
Ernie Nevers
Home field(s)Athletic Park

A distinction of the Eskimos is they were one of the first NFL teams to use a logo.[1][2]

History

Initial formation

The team initially formed in 1923 as the Kelleys (officially the Kelley Duluths, after the Kelley-Duluth Hardware Store[3]). The team was put together by Kelley-Duluth Hardware Store owner M. C. Gebert with the help of Dewey Scanlon[4], a college graduate who played football at Valparaiso University in Indiana.[5]

The Kelleys, residing in the northernmost city in the NFL at the time, had the disadvantage of not being able to play at home during late November and early December, due to the harsh winters in northern Minnesota. This meant that Duluth either played unusually short seasons (they played only 16 games in three years as the Kelleys—seven in 1923, six in 1924 and three in 1925) or had to play on the road (as the Eskimos did, which allowed them to have much longer schedules). Duluth's best season came in 1924, when the Kelleys went 5–1, putting the Kelleys in fourth place.

Team renames

The Kelleys lost their name sponsorship in 1926, but signed star running back Ernie Nevers. The team renamed themselves Ernie Nevers's Eskimos in response to these developments. The 1926 NFL season saw an increased emphasis on traveling teams: the Los Angeles Buccaneers represented the West Coast, the Louisville Colonels represented the Southeast, and the Buffalo Rangers represented Texas and the Desert Southwest. The Eskimos joined in on the trend, becoming a traveling team (assumably representing the far northern states) and allowing themselves to play a far longer season than the Kelleys did. After one home game at the beginning of the 1926 season, the Eskimos never played in Duluth again. The team finished in the middle of the NFL standings in 1926, prompting the Eskimos to continue the traveling team setup. In 1927, the results were far more negative: winning only one game. Owner Ole Haugsrud then sold the team back to the league at the end of the season.

When Haugsrud did this, part of the deal gave him first rights for any future NFL team in Minnesota. He passed on buying a stake in the Minneapolis Red Jackets in 1929. However, when the NFL voted to expand in 1960 to the Twin Cities, Haugsrud was able to buy 10% of the Minnesota Vikings (90% of the team was owned by an ownership group that had originally planned to launch a separate team in the American Football League).

Later years

Due to various transactions, the Kelleys/Eskimos have a tenuous link to the modern NFL. Edwin Simandl, a promoter in Orange, New Jersey; bought the defunct franchise for the 1929 season and used it to promote his decades-old Orange Tornadoes to the major leagues. The NFL, however, did not consider the Tornadoes to be the successors of the Eskimos. The Tornadoes moved to Newark for the 1930 season before going back to the minors. When Simandl handed the franchise rights back to the league, it was understood that the first new expansion team of the 1931 season would receive the Tornadoes' old franchise. Because of the Great Depression, no buyer was found, and the league ended up putting the franchise on the field as the Cleveland Indians under collective ownership.

In 1932, a Boston group received the next expansion franchise; strong circumstantial evidence indicates that it was awarded the assets of the failed Tornadoes/Indians organization.[6] This group used it to start the Boston Braves. In 1933, the team was renamed the Redskins, and in 1937 it moved to Washington, D.C. where it still plays as the Washington Football Team. However, due to the two-year period of dormancy, the Washington Football team and the NFL consider the Boston/Washington franchise as a separate organization dating to 1932, and not as a continuation of the Tornadoes—or for that matter, of the Eskimos/Kelleys.

Legacy

The film Leatherheads is partially based on the story of the Duluth Eskimos.[7]

On May 18, 2015, local lawmakers of one town in the Duluth-Superior area passed a motion to bring the NFL back to the region via team relocation and also voted in favor of an outdoor football stadium despite no current means of financing it.[8] It is unclear if their proposal was ever formally submitted to the NFL.[3][9][10]

Pro Football Hall of Famers
Duluth Eskimos Hall of Famers
Players
No. Name Position Tenure Inducted
—Walt KieslingG/T1926–19271966
—John "Blood" McNallyHB1926–19271963
—Ernie NeversFB
Coach		1926–19271963

Season-by-season
YearWLTFinishCoach
Kelleys 19234307thJoey Sternaman
19245104thDewey Scanlon
192503016thDewey Scanlon
Eskimos 19266538thDewey Scanlon
192718011thErnie Nevers
gollark: I'm pretty sure this is a significant decision with actual differences, and so there's something like a "right answer". Randomly picking would not be likely to find that.
gollark: Besides, which die would I roll? I would have to decide on a die. Which requires another die.
gollark: No.
gollark: I don't know which university I actually want to go to out of the ones which didn't reject me, because deciding such things is very hard.
gollark: This means you have to apply 3 months earlier like medicine students.

References
  1. Sandager, David (November 22, 2016). "When the NFL came to Duluth: The story of the Eskimos". The Growler. The Growler. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  2. "When the NFL came to Duluth: The story of the Eskimos". November 22, 2016.
  3. "Kelley-How-Thomson Company (1902-1958)". Archives and Special Collections, Kathryn A. Martin Library, University of Minnesota Duluth. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  4. "Dewey Scanlon | Pro Football History.com".
  5. "Sports Legend Revealed: Did a $1 investment turn into 10% ownership of the Minnesota Vikings?". October 6, 2010.
  6. "National Football League Franchise Transactions". Professional Football Researchers Association. Archived from the original on December 9, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
  7. Kelleher, Bob (March 24, 2008). "Hundred of fans welcome Clooney, Zellweger to Duluth". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved March 24, 2008.
  8. "An NFL team in Duluth-Superior? Proctor is going long". May 17, 2015.
  9. Cronin, Brian (October 6, 2010). "Sports Legend Revealed: Did a $1 investment turn into 10% ownership of the Minnesota Vikings?". Los Angeles Times. LA times. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
  10. "Dewey Scanlon". Pro Football History.com. Retrieved August 27, 2018.
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