Timeline of Utrecht

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 18th century
Document confirming Utrecht town privileges, 1122
According to tradition Trijn van Leemput initiated demolition of Vredenburg castle in 1577
Part of a series on the
History of the Netherlands
 Netherlands portal
Map of Utrecht, around 1714.
  • ~50 AD - Roman fortress built on what is now the Dom square as part of the Limes Germanicus. Named Traiectum to signify it was at a crossing of what was at that time the main branch of the Rhine (now the Oude Gracht)
  • ~200 AD - Wooden fortress walls upgraded to imported tuff stone. Parts of these wall survive to date
  • ~270 AD - Limes Germanicus including the fortress at Trajectum abandoned due to continued invasions.
  • 636 - Chapel built by Dagobert I within the walls of the abandoned Roman fortress.[1]
  • 695 - Catholic diocese of Utrecht established.[2]
  • 720 - St. Martin's church founded by Willibrord (approximate date).[1]
  • 918 - Balderic becomes bishop.[1]
  • 1122
  • 1145 - Smeetoren (tower) built (approximate date).
  • 1267 - St. Martin's Cathedral built.[1]
  • 1279 - Buurkerk (church) rebuilding begins.
  • 1370 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[3]
  • 1382 - St. Martin's Cathedral tower built.[4]
  • 1393 - Nieuwegracht (Utrecht) (moat) constructed.
  • 1432 - Kleine Vleeshal built.
  • 1440
  • 1455 - 7 April: Gijsbrecht van Brederode becomes bishop elect of Utrecht after being elected by the chapters.
  • 1455 - 13 September: David of Burgundy becomes bishop of Utrecht by papal appointment.[6]
  • 1459 - 2 March: Adriaan Florensz, the later Pope Adrian VI born.
  • 1470-4 - First Utrecht Civil War to quell continued opposition to his rule David of Burgundy imprisons Gijsbrecht van Brederode leading to the first Utrecht civil war.
  • 1471 - Printing press in operation (approximate date).[7]
  • 1481-3 - Second Utrecht Civil War, David of Burgundy temporarily removed from power, but restored after the Siege of Utrecht (1983)
  • 1517 - Paushuize (residence) built.[1]
  • 1528 - Lordship of Utrecht established.
  • 1532 - Vredenburg (castle) built.
  • 1550 - St. Catherine Cathedral built (approximate date).[1]
  • 1577 - Demolition of Vredenburg castle begins.
  • 1579 - 23 January: Treaty unifying northern provinces of the Netherlands signed in Utrecht.[1]
  • 1584 - Catholic property secularized.[8]
  • 1586 - Calvinists in power.[8]
  • 1620s - Utrecht Caravaggisti artists active.[9]
  • 1636 - Utrecht University[4] and its library established.[10]
  • 1637 - Grote Vleeshuis built.[1]
  • 1644 - Schilders-Collegie founded.[11]
  • 1672-3 - Occupation by French forces.[8][12]
  • 1674 - 1 August: 1674 Netherlands storm. Major damage to several landmark building, most notably the collapse of the nave of the Dom church.[8]

18th-19th centuries
  • 1713 - International peace treaty relating to the War of the Spanish Succession signed in Utrecht.[1]
  • 1773 - Provincial Utrecht Society of Arts and Sciences founded.[13]
  • 1787 - 9 May: Prussians in power.[14]
  • 1795 - 18 January: Utrecht "acquired by the French."[14]
  • 1807 - Genootschap Kunstliefde (art society) formed.
  • 1808 - Jewish cemetery, Utrecht established.[15]
  • 1813 - Jan van den Velden becomes mayor.
  • 1816 - Utrechtsch Studenten Corps (student society) founded.
  • 1823
  • 1830 - Utrecht City Hall built.[4]
  • 1838 - City Museum of Antiquities opens.
  • 1843 - Utrecht Centraal railway station opens.
  • 1853 - Sonnenborgh Observatory established.
  • 1866 - Population: 58,607 in city; 172,487 in province.[16]
  • 1872 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Museum opens.[17]
  • 1873 - Museum Kunstliefde established.[17]
  • 1879 - Regional Utrecht State Archives established.[18]
  • 1884
    • Utrechtsch Museum van Kunstnijverheid (applied arts museum) opens.
    • Population: 74,364.[19]
  • 1892 - Public library established.[10]
  • 1893 - Utrechts Nieuwsblad (newspaper) begins publication.
  • 1894 - Utrecht City Orchestra founded.
  • 1898 - Wilhelminapark (Utrecht) opens.

20th century
  • 1902 - Aartsbisschoppelijk Paleis van Utrecht built.
  • 1906 - Gemeentetram Utrecht (electric tram) begins operating.
  • 1908 - Bioscoop Vreeburg (cinema) opens.
  • 1913 - Rembrandt Bioscoop-Theater (cinema) opens.[20]
  • 1914 - Old Catholic St. Gertrude's Cathedral built.
  • 1916 - Nationale Bankvereeniging (bank) established.[21]
  • 1919 - Population: 138,334.[22]
  • 1921 - Centraal Museum established.
  • 1924 - Rietveld Schröder House built in the De Stijl design mode.
  • 1927 - Louis Hartlooper Complex construction begins (approximate date).
  • 1940 - Population: 165,029.
  • 1950 - Population: 193,190.
  • 1954 - Oudenrijn (section) and Zuilen become part of city.
  • 1960 - Population: 254,186.
  • 1961 - Neudeflat built.
  • 1967 - 12 June: 1967 Utrecht explosion in Lage Weide.
  • 1968 - Sarasani cannabis coffee shop in business.
  • 1970 - Football Club Utrecht formed.
  • 1976 - Westraven hi-rise built.
  • 1978 - Springhaver cinema opens.[20]
  • 1979 - Muziekcentrum Vredenburg (concert hall) and Museum Catharijneconvent open.
  • 1980 - Population: 237,037 municipality.[23]
  • 1985 - May: Catholic pope visits Utrecht.
  • 1987 - Leefbaarheidsbudget (participatory budgeting) introduced.[24]
  • 1998 - City Utrecht Archive established.
  • 2000 - Population: 233,667.

21st century
gollark: PHP is maaaaybe easy for simple stuff, but also very evil.
gollark: There are many languages you can use for web*server*y stuff, but you can only really use HTML/CSS/JS for frontends.
gollark: With Express.js the server thing would look *very roughly* like this:```javascriptconst express = require("express")const multer = require("multer")const app = express()const upload = multer({ storage: multer.memoryStorage(), limits: { fileSize: 2**22 // 4MiB maximum filesize }})app.get("/image", (req, res) => { res.send(loadImageFromSomewhere())})// send upload form HTML - you would need to write this tooapp.get("/upload", (req, res) => res.sendFile("upload.html"))app.post("/upload", upload.single("file"), (req, res) => { saveImageSomewhere(req.file.buffer)})app.listen(8700, () => console.log("listening")) // listen on port 8700```
gollark: I mean, you could use PHP too. I don't like it. But you could.
gollark: What I might do, though there are probably many ways to: make a program in Node.js or whatever (personal preference) which responds with whatever image is set to any requests for that, and which allows you to upload an image, converts it to the right format, then saves it to be sent when the ESP requests it.

See also

References
  1. Britannica 1910.
  2. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  3. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Utrecht". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
  5. "Low Countries, 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  6. Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
  7. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Holland: Utrecht". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company – via HathiTrust.
  8. Ring 1995.
  9. "Low Countries, 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  10. Paul Schneiders (1998). "Libraries in the Netherlands" (PDF). IFLA Journal. International Federation of Library Associations. 24.
  11. Claartje Rasterhoff (2014). "The spatial side of innovation: the local organization of cultural production in the Dutch Republic, 1580-1800". In Karel Davids; Bert De Munck (eds.). Innovation and Creativity in Late Medieval and Early Modern European Cities. Ashgate. pp. 161–188. ISBN 978-1-4724-3989-5.
  12. "Timeline Dutch History". Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  13. Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  14. Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Utrecht", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via HathiTrust
  15. "Utrecht". Four hundred years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  16. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869.
  17. "Departement van Binnenlandsche Zaken: Kunsten en wetenschappen (Department of Interior: Arts and Sciences)", Staatsalmanak voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden 1885 [State Year Book for the Kingdom of the Netherlands] (in Dutch), Utrecht: Broese, 1884
  18. "Rijksarchief in de provincie Utrecht", Het Utrechts Archief (in Dutch), retrieved 30 October 2015
  19. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885.
  20. "Movie Theaters in Utrecht, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  21. "The Netherlands". International Banking Directory. Bankers Publishing Company. 1920.
  22. "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
  23. "Population dynamics; birth, death and migration per region: Municipality Utrecht". StatLine. Statistics Netherlands. 2014.
  24. "Leefbaarheidsbudget Participatory Budgeting (Utrecht, Netherlands)". Participedia. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  25. Randstad Holland, Netherlands. OECD Territorial Reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2007. ISBN 978-92-64-00793-2.
  26. Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
  27. "Sister Cities". USA: City of Portland, Oregon. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  28. "Utrecht eerste gemeente met proef 'regelarme bijstand'", NRC (in Dutch), Amsterdam, 20 February 2017
  29. Dutch build vital new infrastructure: world's biggest bike parking lot, Reuters, 21 August 2017

This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 18th-19th century

in English
  • Thomas Nugent (1749), "Utrecht", The Grand Tour, 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt
  • "Utrecht". A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer. London: John Stockdale. 1800. OCLC 79519893.
  • Abraham Rees (1819), "Utrecht", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
  • "Utrecht". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822.
  • "Utrecht", Handbook for Travellers in Holland and Belgium (20th ed.), London: John Murray, 1881 – via HathiTrust (+ 1851 ed.)
  • W. Pembroke Fetridge (1885). "Utrecht". Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East. New York: Harper & Brothers.
in other languages

Published in the 20th century

in English
in Dutch
  • Henri Zondervan, ed. (1922), "Utrecht", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), 16 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy „Elsevier“
  • G. van Herwijnen, ed. (1978). "Utrecht". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland [Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Brill. ISBN 90-04-05700-5.

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