Timeline of Groningen

The following is a timeline of the history of the Netherlands' municipality of Groningen.

Pre–19th century

48 CE: Roman camp established.[1]
800: Martin's Church built (approximate date).[2]
1040: "Villa Cruoninga" ("Groningen") mentioned.[3]
13th century: Reitdiep canal dug
c. 1220: Martin's Church rebuilt in brick[2]
1255: City wall built[4]
1284: Groningen joins the Hanseatic League[1]
c. 1300: Town hall built[2]
1308: Jacobijnerklooster established[5]
1482: Martin's Church tower built[4]
1493: Der Aa Church built[6]
1506: Edzard I, Count of East Frisia, in power[2]
1509: Ommelanderhuis and Rechthuis built[4][2]
1526: Guild unrest[7]
1575: Ommelanden secedes from city[3]
1579: City signs Union of Utrecht regional treaty[1]
1580: Siege of Groningen; Spaniards in power[1]
May–July 1594: Siege of Groningen; Maurice, Prince of Orange, and William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, in power;[8] Groningen Treaty of Reduction unites city and Ommelanden[3][9]
17 February 1595: City of Groningen and the Ommelanden admitted to the Republic of the United Netherlands[3]
1599: orphanage founded.[10]
c. 1609: workhouse established[10]
1614: University of Groningen founded[8]
1615: University library established
1635: Goudkantoor built on the Grote Markt[2]
1650: William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz, becomes stadtholder of Groningen[8]
1659: Gerhard ten Berge becomes mayor
1662: City Weigh House built[11]
July–August 1672: Siege of Groningen by Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen of Münster on behalf of Louis XIV of France[1]
1705: Allert Meijer becomes city architect[11]
1728: Collegium Medicum founded[10][12]
1747: Jodenkamp cemetery established[13]
1756: Volteringstraat synagogue built[13]
1790: Henri Daniel Guyot Institute for the deaf established[4]
1798: Hotel De Doelen established

19th century

1801: Scientific Society of Groningen formed[14]
1810: City Hall rebuilt[2]
1811: Groningen becomes part of the Ems-Occidental department of the French Empire[15]
1813: French military ousted[15]
1815: Vindicat atque Polit established
1819: design of Coat of arms of Groningen adopted
1824: Jean François van Iddekinge becomes mayor
1830: Academy of Fine Arts established[4]
1837: annual Groningsche Volksalmanak begins publication
1841: Hoofdwacht on the Grote Markt in use
1847: Praedinius Gymnasium active
1865: Noord-Willems Canal dug[2]
1865: Korenbeurs rebuilt[2]
1866: population: 36,852[16]
1868: Nieuwe Groninger Nieuwsblad begins publication[17][18]
1870: Meppel–Groningen railway begins operations[2]
1874: Groninger Museum established
1874: Fortress demolished[2]
1876: Eems Canal dug[2]
1879: Verbindingskanaal dug
1879: design of the Flag of Groningen adopted
1880: Horse-drawn tram begins operating[2]
1881: Scholtenhuis built
1882: Groningen State Archives established[19]
1883: Groningen City Theatre established
1884: Groningen–Delfzijl railway begins operating; Groningen Noord railway station opens
1887: Groningen Local Railway Company established[20]
1888: Nieuwsblad van het Noorden begins publication[21]
1888: Hooghoudt distillery established
1894: Peace society formed[22]
1895: Broerkerk demolished; Catholic St. Martinuskerk built
1896: Groningen railway station built

20th century

1903: World exhibit held[15][23]
1904: Huis de Beurs café built
1906: Gemeentetram Groningen transit entity established[20]
1906: Groningen Synagogue built[13]
1909: University Academics Facility built
1910: electric tram begins operating[2]
1918: De Ploeg art group formed[24]
1919: Gorecht Canal dug
1919: population: 89,030[25]
1929: Grand Theatre built
1931: Hakenkampsveld Airport established outside city limits
1933: Oosterpark Stadion opens
26 July 1940: mistakenly bombarded by Allied forces[26]
26–27 September 1941: mistakenly bombarded by Allied forces[26]
April 1945: Battle of Groningen[2]
1946: Groningen chess tournament held
1950: fesign of the Flag of Groningen adopted
1951: Jan Tuin becomes mayor
1955: Roman Catholic Diocese of Groningen established[27]
1959: Groningen gas field discovered[28]
1960: Camera Cinema opens[29]
1962: Nieuwe Stadhuis built[24]
1969: increase in municipality size
1969: Lauwers Lake created near city[8]
1970: Zernikecomplex development begins
1971: Football Club Groningen established
1971: Harm Buiter becomes mayor
1973: Eemshaven seaport opens[15]
1974: Groningen Noord railway station rebuilt
1977: Groningen traffic circulation plan implemented[30]
1979: RKZ Cinema opens[29]
1986: Hanze University of Applied Sciences established
1991: Muller restaurant established
1991: Hans Ouwerkerk becomes mayor
1992: Groninger Dagblad begins publication
1992: Groninger Kredietbank scandal[24]
1992: Groningen Audio Visual Archive established[31]
1993: European Association for Sport Management headquartered in Groningen
1996: New City Hall building demolished
1996: Eurosonic Festival commences
1998: Jacques Wallage becomes mayor
1998: Urban renewal efforts[32]

21st century

2002: Dagblad van het Noorden founded
2002: Groninger Archives established[33]
2004: Nederlands Stripmuseum established
2005: University Medical Center Groningen established
2006: Euroborg stadium established
2007: Groningen Europapark railway station begins operating
2011: construction on the Groninger Forum begins
2014: Infoversum cinema built
2014: population: 197,823
2015: Peter den Oudsten becomes mayor.

gollark: Did someone mess up the street names?

gollark: Don't have any either.

gollark: Indeed.

gollark: Surely Yemmel TOLD people before leaving?

gollark: That sounds like a single point of failure.

Footnotes

Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 723, OL 6112221M
"Stadsgeschiedenis Groningen" [Groningen City History]. Gemeente Groningen (in Dutch). Gemeente Groningen. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
"History". Provincie Groningen. Provincie Groningen. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
"Groningen", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
Groningsche Volksalmanak voor 1890 (in Dutch), Groningen: Erven B. Van der Kamp, 1889 – via Google Books
Justin Kroesen; Regnerus Steensma, eds. (2008). De Groninger cultuurschat: kerken van 1000 tot 1800 (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4482-0.
Maarten Prak; et al., eds. (2006). Craft Guilds in the Early Modern Low Countries: Work, Power and Representation. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-5339-4.
Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.
John Lothrop Motley (1904). History of the United Netherlands. London: J. Murray. (1860s)
Ole Peter Grell; Andrew Cunningham, eds. (1997). Health Care and Poor Relief in Protestant Europe 1500-1700. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-80860-1.
Gea van Essen (2010). Bouwheer en bouwmeester: bouwkunst in Groningen, Stad en Lande (1594-1795) (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4672-5.
Frank Huisman (1992). Stadsbelang en standsbesef: gezondheidszorg en medisch beroep in Groningen 1500-1730 (in Dutch). Erasmus Publishing. ISBN 978-90-5235-037-0.
"Groningen". Four Hundred Years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
"Historie: 1000 jaar Groningen". Groninger Archieven: Regionaal Historisch Centrum (in Dutch). Groninger Archieven. Retrieved 30 October 2015. (chronological history)
"Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869.
Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)
Harry van der Laan (2005). Het Groninger boekbedrijf: drukkers, uitgevers en boekhandelaren in Groningen tot het eind van de negentiende eeuw [The Groninger book business: printers, publishers and booksellers in Groningen until the end of the 19th c.] (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4094-5.
"Rijksarchivaris in de provincie Groningen, 1824–1989", Archieven.nl (in Dutch), retrieved 30 October 2015
J.W. Sluiter (1967). Beknopt overzicht van de nederlandse sppor en tramwegbedrijven [Brief overview of Dutch railway and tramway companies] (in Dutch). Brill.
"Netherlands". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
Sandi E. Cooper (1991). "Peace Societies". Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815–1914. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536343-2.
Daniël Broersma (2005). Het wonderland achter de horizon: Groninger regionaal besef in nationaal verband 1903–1963 (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4187-4.
Maarten Duijvendak; Bart de Vries, eds. (2003). Stad van het Noorden: Groningen in de twintigste eeuw [City of the North: Groningen in the Twentieth Century] (in Dutch). Assen: Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-3984-0.
"Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
Richard Overy (2013). The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe 1940-1945. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-698-15138-3.
"Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
M. S. Vassiliou (2009). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6288-3.
"Movie Theaters in Groningen, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
"How Groningen invented a cycling template for cities all over the world", The Guardian, Cities, 29 July 2015
Film and Television Collections in Europe: the MAP-TV Guide. Routledge. 1995. ISBN 978-1-135-37262-0.
Gerard van Bortel (2009). "Network governance in action: the case of Groningen". Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 24 (2): 167–183. doi:10.1007/s10901-009-9138-0. JSTOR 41107459.
"Over ons". Groninger Archieven: Regionaal Historisch Centrum (in Dutch). Groninger Archieven. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

Bibliography

Thomas Nugent (1749), "Groningen", The Grand Tour, 1: Netherlands, London: S. Birt
"Groningen". Gazetteer of the Netherlands. Attributed to Clement Cruttwell. London: G.G.J. and J. Robinson. 1794.CS1 maint: others (link)
William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Groningen". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
George Henry Townsend (1877), "Groningen", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
"Groningen (city)". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
"Groningen", Belgium and Holland (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910
Evert Jan Diest Lorgion. Geschiedkundige beschrijving der stad Groningen [Historical description of the city of Groningen] (in Dutch). Groningen: Roelfsema. 1852-1857
Henri Zondervan, ed. (1917), "Groningen", Winkler Prins' Geillustreerde Encyclopaedie (in Dutch), 8 (4th ed.), Amsterdam: Uitgevers-Maatschappy Elsevier (province and city)
G. van Herwijnen, ed. (1978). "Groningen". Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland [Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands] (in Dutch). Brill. pp. 26+. ISBN 90-04-05700-5.
Jan Van den Broek (2007). Groningen, een stad apart: over het verleden van een eigenzinnige stad (1000-1600) (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4323-6.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[lippincott1952-1] Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 723, OL 6112221M

[gemeente-2] "Stadsgeschiedenis Groningen" [Groningen City History]. Gemeente Groningen (in Dutch). Gemeente Groningen. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[ProvinceHistory-3] "History". Provincie Groningen. Provincie Groningen. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[brit1910-4] "Groningen", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive

[5] Groningsche Volksalmanak voor 1890 (in Dutch), Groningen: Erven B. Van der Kamp, 1889 – via Google Books

[Kroesen2008-6] Justin Kroesen; Regnerus Steensma, eds. (2008). De Groninger cultuurschat: kerken van 1000 tot 1800 (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4482-0.

[Prak2006-7] Maarten Prak; et al., eds. (2006). Craft Guilds in the Early Modern Low Countries: Work, Power and Representation. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-5339-4.

[koopmans2007-8] Joop W. Koopmans; Arend H. Huussen Jr. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6444-3.

[Motley1904-9] John Lothrop Motley (1904). History of the United Netherlands. London: J. Murray. (1860s)

[Grell2002-10] Ole Peter Grell; Andrew Cunningham, eds. (1997). Health Care and Poor Relief in Protestant Europe 1500-1700. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-80860-1.

[Essen2010-11] Gea van Essen (2010). Bouwheer en bouwmeester: bouwkunst in Groningen, Stad en Lande (1594-1795) (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4672-5.

[Huisman1992-12] Frank Huisman (1992). Stadsbelang en standsbesef: gezondheidszorg en medisch beroep in Groningen 1500-1730 (in Dutch). Erasmus Publishing. ISBN 978-90-5235-037-0.

[jewry-13] "Groningen". Four Hundred Years of Dutch Jewry. Amsterdam: Joods Historisch Museum. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[parrott-14] Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.

[1000jaar-15] "Historie: 1000 jaar Groningen". Groninger Archieven: Regionaal Historisch Centrum (in Dutch). Groninger Archieven. Retrieved 30 October 2015. (chronological history)

[16] "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1869.

[Plasse2005-17] Jan van de Plasse (2005). Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers (in Dutch). Otto Cramwinckel. ISBN 978-90-75727-77-7. (timeline)

[Laan2005-18] Harry van der Laan (2005). Het Groninger boekbedrijf: drukkers, uitgevers en boekhandelaren in Groningen tot het eind van de negentiende eeuw [The Groninger book business: printers, publishers and booksellers in Groningen until the end of the 19th c.] (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4094-5.

[19] "Rijksarchivaris in de provincie Groningen, 1824–1989", Archieven.nl (in Dutch), retrieved 30 October 2015

[sluiter1967-20] J.W. Sluiter (1967). Beknopt overzicht van de nederlandse sppor en tramwegbedrijven [Brief overview of Dutch railway and tramway companies] (in Dutch). Brill.

[europa2004-21] "Netherlands". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.

[cooper1991-22] Sandi E. Cooper (1991). "Peace Societies". Patriotic Pacifism: Waging War on War in Europe, 1815–1914. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536343-2.

[23] Daniël Broersma (2005). Het wonderland achter de horizon: Groninger regionaal besef in nationaal verband 1903–1963 (in Dutch). Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-4187-4.

[Duijvendak2003-24] Maarten Duijvendak; Bart de Vries, eds. (2003). Stad van het Noorden: Groningen in de twintigste eeuw [City of the North: Groningen in the Twentieth Century] (in Dutch). Assen: Van Gorcum. ISBN 978-90-232-3984-0.

[25] "Netherlands". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.

[Overy2013-26] Richard Overy (2013). The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe 1940-1945. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-698-15138-3.

[katolsk-27] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[Vassiliou2009-28] M. S. Vassiliou (2009). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6288-3.

[cinema-29] "Movie Theaters in Groningen, Netherlands". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

[30] "How Groningen invented a cycling template for cities all over the world", The Guardian, Cities, 29 July 2015

[maptv1995-31] Film and Television Collections in Europe: the MAP-TV Guide. Routledge. 1995. ISBN 978-1-135-37262-0.

[32] Gerard van Bortel (2009). "Network governance in action: the case of Groningen". Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 24 (2): 167–183. doi:10.1007/s10901-009-9138-0. JSTOR 41107459.

[33] "Over ons". Groninger Archieven: Regionaal Historisch Centrum (in Dutch). Groninger Archieven. Retrieved 30 October 2015.