Timeline of Erfurt

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Erfurt, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prior to 19th century

• 741 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt established.[1]
• 755 - Catholic diocese absorbed into that of Mainz.[2]
• 805 - Market rights granted by Charlemagne.[2]
• 932 - Religious Synod of Erfurt held.[3]
• 1060 - Benedictine Peterskloster (monastery) first recorded mention.[3]
• 1094 - Old Synagogue construction begins [4]
• 1109 - Landgrave of Thuringia in power.[2]
• 1255 - Municipal rights granted by bishop Gerhard I. von Dhaun.[2]
• 1277 - Building of St. Augustine's Monastery begun.[5]
• 1290 - Rebuilt St. Mary's Cathedral consecrated.[6]
• 1325 - Stone Merchant's Bridge built.[7]
• 1349 - 21 March: Pogrom against Jews.
• 1392 - University of Erfurt opens.[7]
• 1472 - Fire.[7]
• 1480 - Building of Cyriaksburg Citadel begun.[8]
• 1483 - Saxons in power per Treaty of Amorbach.[7]
• 1494 - Printing press in operation.[9]
• 1521 - Protestant reformation.[2]
• 1664 - Erfurt becomes part of the Electorate of Mainz.[2]
• 1665 - Foundation stone for Petersberg Citadel laid on 1 June 1665.[10]
• 1754 - Akademie gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt (learned society) formed.[11]

19th century

• 1802 - Erfurt becomes part of Prussia.[2]
• 1806 - 16 October: Prussian forces capitulate to French at Erfurt during the War of the Fourth Coalition.
• 1807 - Principality of Erfurt of the French Empire established.
• 1808 - International Congress of Erfurt held in the Kaisersaal and other venues from 27 September to 14 October 1808 .[2]
• 1816 - University of Erfurt closes.[7]
• 1840 - Kleine Synagoge (Erfurt) (synagogue) built.[3]
• 1847 - Erfurt Hauptbahnhof (train station) opens.
• 1850 - Erfurt Union of German states created.
• 1862 - Königlich Preußische Gewehrfabrik Erfurt (manufactory) established.
• 1863 - Verein für die Geschichte und Altertumskunde von Erfurt (history society) founded.[3]
• 1865 - Stadtarchiv Erfurt (city archives) established.[12]
• 1869 - Nordhausen–Erfurt railway begins operating.
• 1875 - Rathaus (Erfurt) (town hall) built.[2]
• 1878 - Topf and Sons founded as an engineering firm. It later made cematoria for Nazi concentration camps.
• 1878 - the Andreasstrasse Prison opened.
• 1880 - Population: 53,254.[13]
• 1884 - Große Synagoge (Erfurt) (synagogue) built.
• 1889 - Martin Luther monument (Erfurt) erected on the Anger.[3]
• 1891 - Meeting of the Social Democratic Party of Germany held in city; "Erfurt Program" adopted.
• 1895 - Population: 78,174.[14]

20th century

• 1909 - Gutenbergschule (school) opens.
• 1911 - Ilversgehofen becomes part of Erfurt.^(de)
• 1919 - Population: 129,646.[15]
• 1937 - Population: 152,651.^(de)
• 1938 - Hochheim and Melchendorf become part of Erfurt.^(de)
• 1940 - Bombing of Erfurt in World War II begins.[3]
• 1945
  • April: United States forces take city.[3]
  • July: City becomes part of the Soviet Occupation zone of Germany.[3]
• 1949 - City becomes part of the German Democratic Republic.[3]
• 1945 - Thüringische Landeszeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1950
  • Bindersleben, Bischleben-Stedten, Dittelstedt, Gispersleben, Marbach, Möbisburg-Rhoda, and Schmira become part of Erfurt.^(de)
  • City becomes capital of the Kreis Erfurt-Land (district).[7]
• 1952 - Neue Synagoge (Erfurt) (synagogue) built.
• 1958 - Thüringer Zoopark Erfurt founded.[16]
• 1960 - Heimattreue Erfurter association of Erfurters who moved to West Germany founded.[3]
• 1971 - Population: 198,265.^(de)
• 1974 - Stadtmuseum Erfurt opens in the Haus zum Stockfisch.[3]
• 1989 - Demonstrations against the GDR government,[17] and citizens' occupation of the Stasi district headquarters and Stasi prison in Andreasstrasse.[18]
• 1990
  • City becomes capital of state of Thuringia in the reunited nation of Germany.[7]
  • Manfred Ruge becomes mayor.
  • Thüringer Allgemeine newspaper in publication.
• 1993 - University of Erfurt reestablished.[7]
• 1994
  • Alach, Azmannsdorf, Büßleben, Egstedt, Ermstedt, Frienstedt, Gottstedt, Hochstedt, Kerspleben, Kühnhausen, Linderbach, Mittelhausen, Molsdorf, Niedernissa, Rohda, Salomonsborn, Schaderode, Schwerborn, Stotternheim, Tiefthal, Töttelstädt, Töttleben, Urbich, Vieselbach, Wallichen, Waltersleben, and Windischholzhausen become part of Erfurt.^(de)
  • Roman Catholic Diocese of Erfurt reestablished.[1]
• 1995 - Naturkundemuseum Erfurt (museum) built.[3]
• 1997 - Erfurt Stadtbahn (tram) begins operating.

21st century

• 2001 - April: Topf and Sons squat begins.[19]
• 2002 - 26 April: Erfurt school massacre occurs.
• 2006 - Andreas Bausewein becomes mayor.
• 2007 - Erfurter Bahn (railway) begins operating.
• 2010 - Population: 204,994.^(de)

See also

• History of Erfurt
• List of mayors of Erfurt (1817–present; in German)
• History of the Jews in Erfurt
• List of heritage sites in Erfurt
• Thuringia history (state)

References

1. "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
2. Britannica 1910.
3. "Geschichte: Chronik" [Historical Chronology]. Erfurt.de: das offizielle Stadtportal der Landeshauptstadt Thüringens (in German). Landeshauptstadt Erfurt. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
4. Jewish Life in Erfurt. Old synagogue Retrieved 3 June 2017
5. Stade, Heinz (2010) Augustinerkloster. Luther-Ort und Stätte der Begegnung, Bonn: Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz
6. "Erfurt", Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 18 November 2016
7. Levi 1995.
8. Die Cyriaksburg: Sitz des Deutschen Gartenbaumuseums Erfurt. Retrieved 23 December 2017
9. Bouchot, Henri (1890). H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co. pp. 368–374.
10. Verein der Freunde der Citadelle Petersberg zu Erfurt e.V. (2015). 350 Jahre Zitadelle Petersberg. Tagungsband: Wissenschaftliches Kolloquim zum 350. Jahrestages der Grundsteinlegung der Zitadelle Petersberg vom 29. Mai bis 31 Mai 2015. Universität Erfurt.
11. Jim Parrott (ed.). "Chronology of Scholarly Societies". Scholarly Societies Project. Canada: University of Waterloo. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
12. "Geschichte des Stadtarchivs Erfurt". Erfurt.de: das offizielle Stadtportal der Landeshauptstadt Thüringens (in German). Landeshauptstadt Erfurt. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
13. "Germany: Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885 – via HathiTrust.
14. "German Empire: States of Germany: Prussia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899 – via HathiTrust.
15. "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via HathiTrust.
16. Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. p. 372. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
17. Raßloff, Steffen (27 October 2012) Besetzung Stasi-Bezirksverwaltung 1989. Die Angst überwunden. Denkmale in Erfurt (69): Mit der Besetzung der ersten Stasi-Bezirksverwaltung gab Erfurt am 4. Dezember 1989 ein DDR-weites Signal. Beitrag der Serie Denkmale in Erfurt aus der Thüringer Allgemeine on www.efurt-web.de. Retrieved 6 August 2019
18. How ordinary people smashed the Stasi in The Local.de, 4 December 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2019
19. "Ende einer Entführung: Polizei befreit Bernd das Brot", Der Spiegel (in German), 1 February 2009

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• "Erfurt". Handbook for North Germany (20th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1886.
• "Erfurt". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
• "Erfurt", Jewish Encyclopedia, 5, New York, 1903
• "Erfurt", Northern Germany (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1910, OCLC 78390379 – via Internet Archive
• "Erfurt", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
• Levi, Anthony (1995). "Erfurt". In Trudy Ring (ed.). Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. pp. 267–271. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
• John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Erfurt". Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia. Garland. pp. 208–210. ISBN 978-0-8240-7644-3.

in German

• "Erfurt". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
• "Erfurt". Neuestes Reisehandbuch für Thüringen. Meyers Reisebücher (in German). Hildburghausen: Bibliographisches Institut. 1864.
• Erfurt in seiner Vergangenheit und Gegenwart: historisch-topographischer Führer durch die Stadt (in German). Carl Villaret. 1868.
• "Erfurt". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896.
• P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Erfurt". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
• Benary, Friedrich (1919). Zur Geschichte der Stadt und der Universität Erfurt am Ausgang des Mittelalters (in German). Gotha.
• Thüringen. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). 1919.
• Dehio, Georg (2003). Thüringen. Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler (in German). Munich. ISBN 3-422-03095-6.
• Geschichte der Stadt Erfurt (in German). Weimar. 1986.
• Friedhilde Krause; Felicitas Marwinski, eds. (1998). "Erfurt". Thüringen. Handbuch der historischen Buchbestände (in German). Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 176–221. ISBN 9783487418148.
• Köbler, Gerhard (2007). "Erfurt". Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder (in German) (7th ed.). Munich: C.H. Beck. p. 171. ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1.
• Raßloff, Steffen (2012). Geschichte der Stadt Erfurt (in German). Erfurt: Sutton Verlag. ISBN 978-3-95400-044-9.
• Stade, Heinz, et al. (2015) Erfurt: eine Stadt im Wandel, Leipzig: Edition Leipzig. ISBN 978-3361007130

External links

• Links to fulltext city directories for Erfurt via Wikisource
• Items related to Erfurt, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Erfurt, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)