Timelapse of the Future

Timelapse of the Future: A Journey to the End of Time is a 2019 multisensory-based[1] short hypothetical animated pseudo-documentary web film created by American astronomy-themed musician and filmmaker John D. Boswell. The 29-minute film is a flowmotion— combination of a hyperlapse, time-lapse, and regular shots— of the universe from 2019 to the end of time,[upper-alpha 2] comprised with self-made and fair use footages from movies, the Internet, and speeches from scientists, with the lapse doubling every five seconds, using current knowledge, combining different hypotheses. It is the continuation of his other film, Timelapse of the Entire Universe,[2] but is a standalone of their own, although both can be treated otherwise.

Not to be confused with Timeline of the far future, however it can be a broader guide to the plot.

Timelapse of the Future:
A Journey to the End of Time
The YouTube thumbnail
Directed byJohn Boswell
Produced byJohn Boswell
Written byJohn Boswell
Narrated byDavid Attenborough
Craig Childs
Brian Cox
Neil DeGrasse Tyson
Michelle Thaller
Lawrence Krauss
Michio Kaku
Mike Rowe
Phil Plait
Janna Levin
Stephen Hawking
Sean M. Carroll
Alex Filippenko
Martin Rees
Music byJohn Boswell
Edited byJohn Boswell
Animation byJohn Boswell (several)
Others (several)
Layouts byJohn Boswell
Backgrounds byJohn Boswell
Production
company
Amber Mountain Studios
Distributed byAmber Mountain Studios
Release date
Running time
29 minutes 21 seconds
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Box officeest. USD20,500-164,000[upper-alpha 1]

Production took around six months. Tweets dating a year back were posted related to the film, followed by an initial teaser, as well as an announcement on February 14, as "my most ambitious release yet," followed by another sneak peek, and a 70-second teaser. The film is released on Boswell's YouTube channel Melodysheep on March 20, with an ad-free viewing on his Patreon. The film then screened at New York City on May 2. Another screening in San Francisco on July 25 took place, with the last screening taking place in St. Petersburg, Russia, on November 3, participating in the World of Knowledge Film Festival. A hosted presentation at the Boise, Idaho is supposed to take place, but is postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The film won the 2020 Webby Awards, winning two prizes.

Grossed more than any other of his works in approximate, the film received the most attention than any of Boswell's works, and got generally positive reviews, praising at the narrative, visuals, and sound design, but is also criticized for being potentially unintentionally misleading. A song and music video by Noah Cyrus is also the sole inspiration of the film; she also praised the existentialism elements of the film. The film is categorized as a viral video on YouTube.

Plot

A quote by Helen Keller was displayed: "Everything has its wonders, even darkness and silence."

The Anthropocene era begins. Natural occurrences, such as the River Nile shifting, tornadoes, and New York City flooding, happens, as well as the revolutionary humans space and survival landing on Mars, and Earth's magnetic field flipping. Comet Hale-Bopp returns in the year 3357, followed by drastic sea level rising, a 30-meter asteroid impact, and Antares becoming supernova. Sahara becomes tropical in 14,811, and Voyager 1 passes Gliese 445[3] in 38,874. In 97,583, supervolcano Yellowstone erupted, followed by the Apollo 11 footprints fading in 968,657, and Betelgeuse becoming supernova in 1,618,565. A Gamma-ray burst occurs, followed by Mars' moon becoming a ring in 13,109,213, whereas Saturn's ring fades in 26,565,938. Antarctica then melts in 43,343,155, followed by a major asteroid impact in 70,606,131, and formation of a supercontinent in 153,793,159. The Sun's luminosity increases in 427,821,025, which caused plants to die in 833,270,413, and life as a whole on 2,952,729,059. Oceans also evaporate at this point. The Sun then expands and becomes Red Giant, and died as a white dwarf in 7,650,412,497. Other stars then slowly die, making the universe end in the opposite way from a bang. The last red dwarfs die in 100 trillion.

The Degenerate Era begins in the year 134 trillion. The universe is filled with pulsars, black holes, and brown dwarfs, barely lighted up by solely white dwarfs. Over time, most remnants of dead stars and objects are ejected from their galaxy into the freezing interstellar space by gravity. Some brown dwarfs accidentally collide and form new red dwarfs, whereas neutron stars making superluminous supernovae. Any extraterrestrial life might live around aging white dwarfs, but even they will sometime die and become black dwarfs. At some point, degenerate matter that failed to escape its galaxy will then be sucked by the supermassive black hole at the center. The film then looks at the possibility of the cyclic model, where advanced exotic civilizations utilizes black holes as a source of power and to slow down their subjective time to survive the end of the universe, and the expansion of the universe, in the year 9 billion trillion trillion.[upper-alpha 3] However, if protons are really unstable, they begin to decay and disintegrate by a black hole, erasing all the remaining degenerate matter in the universe.

With protons having completely decayed, the Black Hole Era begins. The universe is now filled with "zombie galaxies" of black holes, with a supermassive black hole at the center and smaller ones orbiting it, as well as light particles lounging throughout. At some point, binary black holes might come to life, releasing massive amounts of energy as gravitational waves when merging. In the year 159 trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion,[upper-alpha 4] Hawking Radiation finally makes the first black holes die; as they explode, they light back interstellar darkness. The universe then expands further— "inflated"— by the dark energy, which, if it still persists at that time as it is now, will cause the universe to expand forever, making it becoming colder, darker, and emptier.

If willing to do so and having the resources, theories predict that civilizations advanced enough, including humans, too, could create virtual or real-life universes of their own, looking at the possibility of a multiverse and evolution between universes. However, if escaping the universe is impossible, then entropy will destroy the last remaining black holes. The last black hole evaporates in year 15 trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion,[upper-alpha 5] and the universe ends in the year 10 thousand trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion.[upper-alpha 6][4] Time no longer has its values, and the universe becomes "nothing but a sea of photons gradually tending towards the same temperature as the expansion of the universe cools them towards absolute zero," as said by Brian Cox. The universe will still exist, but is basically empty.

The scene at the very end of the film, featuring the last black hole (singularity pictured) finally exploding and dying, emitting light in the universe one last time. Invisible light particles are simplified as stripes, similar to of sperms. Red stripes represent heat.

The incomplete quote[5] by Keller is then completed: "Everything has its wonders, even darkness and silence. And I learn, whatever state I may be in, therein to be content."

After the short credits, a text reads "For Ash," the name of Boswell's child, born January 1, 2019.[6]

Production

Film

Production of the film started in summer 2018. On October 9, 2018, Boswell posted on his Twitter account an image of an early experiment of the film: a picture of an animated black hole.[7] It is clear that the original idea was that of a still, first-draft version, e.g. the extremely huge years numbers expressed with powers, no moving counter, and texts directly on the frame, instead of on the lower hard matte; a version later used for "The End of Everything." There is not much statements about production of the film, other than that "Creating it required months of research into physical cosmology, where speculations about the ultimate fate of the universe are legion, and often contradictory." He stated that he was inspired, "years ago," by the idea of the Sun nearing its death in five billion years, adding: "But it also begs the question, what happens after that? What happens not in 5 billion years, but 5 trillion? The answers are out there, but they are piecemeal and not strung together in a compelling way. So I took the opportunity to create something unique that highlights our collective predictions about the future, both short-term and long-term."[8] Via Long Now Foundation, he then further explained:[9]

My original plan was to make something more like an art installation piece where there wouldn't be so much talking and facts; it would basically just be the timeline and some chill music and meditative imagery of black holes that would just span for like 10 minutes at a time, and you'd get this abstract impression of how long the future is going to be, and how much emptiness there is. But the more I dug into it, the more I found there's so much to talk about, and so much to say, that it would be foolish to waste this opportunity. I had a draft of this [in summer 2018], and felt it needed to be taken to the next level. So I spent another six months really digging into the VFX of it all, and the research, and figuring out how to build the flow of it and the structure and how to make it work. And I am glad I did. There's just so much to say, and so much I had to leave out. But it came together really well and I am pretty stoked about how it turned out.

Like his other films, animating and editing uses Cinema 4D, Octane Render, and Adobe After Effects.[10] Closed captioning is made by volunteers from Amara[11] and YouTube. The English closed caption, in particular, is made in an aesthetic manner rather than an accessible manner, in which closed captions are made for the audibly impaired.

Boswell, like several of his films, was supported by computer scientist Juan Benet, thus having his company Protocol Labs, an open-source R&D lab, credited.

He also clarified that the video/film is in no way entirely and meant to be scientifically accurate, and that "It's guaranteed you're going to have to do a lot of speculation anyway, so I'm not too concerned about scientific accuracy when it's impossible to predict the future."[9] In the film, he also disclosed, "We may not know [the future] for certain."

Sound and music
Further information: Soundtrack
A section from Johann Strauss' Waltz from Die Fledermaus, an inspiration for the "Hawking's Waltz" track.[8]

Boswell stated to have used several stock audio on Spitfire Audio, Komplete, 8dio, and Omnisphere as well rather than solely original soundtrack composed using Ableton Live; synths played using the Yamaha CS-80 and Moog Sub 37.[8] Piano tunes were played by a Gulbransen upright, an instrument he repeatedly uses.[12][13][14] He considers the album/LP, The Arrow of Time, to be his album with "unique sonic and musical challenges." He stated that the idea behind the theme is to "feel huge, open, at times lonely and eerie — in short, to reflect the future of the universe itself," and that he "also wanted to convey some sense of melancholy, as this story foretells the fate of our species in a pretty somber way."[8] The whole soundtrack, in a sense, revolves around 60 beats per minute, with new set of tones coming every second.

The line between sound design and music is blurred throughout the experience. From the onset, the [year] counter [in the video] acts as a metronome driving the first piece of music. In many places, the deep rumbles of black holes take the place of synth bass lines, creating a symbiotic bond between the music and the visuals. I often didn’t distinguish between whether I was sound designing or composing; it all came from the same place — the need to create a mood, a sense of being present at an alien time and place. [...] The intensity and variety of the events, the interplay with the music all combined made it difficult to not get muddied into a sonic mess. It took very careful tweaking and sound selection to make it work[,] I recall spending a couple days just on a 10-second span of sound and music.[8]

Methodology
The methodology of time used in Timelapse of the Entire Universe. With Timelapse of the Future, the time per frame is just est. 0.5 months, or 15 days, at the start.

The method of time in the film is "a lot more thought and trickery" from the predecessor Timelapse of the Entire Universe, where every second is 22 million years, and that every frame is approximately 958,000 years, thus having 13.8 billion years in nearly 10 minutes.[9][15] Boswell chose a different methodology in Timelapse of the Future, saying that:[9]

It could have been every three seconds, and the video would have been over in fifteen minutes. But then you’re really cramming a ton of stuff into the first few minutes. Everything from the present day to the death of the earth would’ve occurred in one minute instead of three to four. That would’ve made it really hard to breathe. But then you have to apply that same rule to the rest of the video, and ensure you’ve got enough stuff in there to fill the time. It’s a balance.

In Timelapse of the Future, the time per frame reduces to approximately 0.5 months per frame (film is 24 fps) at the beginning, increasing as it evolves. It uses the calculation: 12/24 = 0.5, in which: 12 = months, 24 = frames rate, and 0.5 = months.

Release

The first known tweet regarding the film is a tweet on July 21, 2018 about Pangea Ultima,[16] an event featured on the film. The first tweet explicitly mentioning the production of the film was posted on October 10,[7] as well as another tweet indirectly mentioning the film's ending eight days later.[17] The first teaser was posted on Boswell's Patreon and Vimeo on February 1, 2019,[18][19] followed by an announcement on his Patreon, mentioning the film "my most ambitious release yet."[2] A photo of a scene in the film is leaked on Boswell's Twitter on March 15,[20] followed by a 70-second teaser the next day.[21]

The film is released on Boswell's YouTube channel Melodysheep on March 20, 17:15 UTC, with the premiere being a paid ad-free viewing available on his Patreon nine hours earlier.[22] The film screened at event venue 393, New York City on May 2, using the multi-monitor format but the year counter invisible;[23][24] his Patrons offered free tickets.[25] Another screening in the Exploratorium, San Francisco, on July 25 at 9:30 pm PT took place,[26][27] with the last screening taking place in the historic Rodina Film Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, on November 3 on 6:30 pm MSK, participating in the The World of Knowledge International Film Festival.[28][29] A hosted presentation at the Treefort Music Fest— specifically at its sister event Hackfort Fest— is supposed to take place on March 28, 2020, but is postponed to either September 23 or 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[30][31]

The soundtrack is mainly released on Boswell's Bandcamp (as it is his hub), but also on Amazon for sale, Last.fm, SoundCloud (select tracks), Google Play Music, Spotify, etc. A hidden track was published only for his Patrons.[32]

Reception
Ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
FilmAffinity[33]
YouTube97.3%
Review scores
SourceRating

The film received generally positive reviews online, by regular viewers, YouTubers, bloggers, experts, and critics. It is marked as Boswell's chef-d’œuvre. Social Blade reported high rise in viewership and subscription as the video is released,[34] and is thus also categorized as viral. The film reaches 10 thousand viewers on March 29,[35] and the 10 million viewer point on May 21 as reported by Boswell.[36] As of August 17 UTC, the film gets 41,006,820 views, with 1,626,818 likes as opposed to 44,325 dislikes, thus making a 97.3% approval rating. It will be able to generate USD20,500-164,000 in CPM according to Social Blade, making it Boswell's video to generate the most money.[37]

Blogger Jason Kottke states, "You'd think that after the Earth is devoured by the Sun about 3 minutes in, things would get a bit boring and you could stop watching, but then you'd miss zombie white dwarfs roaming the universe [...], the black hole mergers era [trillions of] years from now, the possible creation of [...] universes, and the point at which 'nothing happens and it keeps not happening forever.'"[upper-alpha 7][38] Aeon says that the film "impressively translat[es] theoretical physics and astronomically vast scales of time and space into 29 breathtaking minutes, [...] tak[ing] us [...] into the sublime of the unimaginable, with all the wonder and terror that might provoke."[39] The Long Now Foundation Medium writer Ahmed Kabil says that "The effect of [the Sun's] demise coming so early in the video is unsettling, akin to Hitchcock killing off Janet Leigh’s character less than a third of the way through Psycho."[9] Filmmaker and actor Eugene Lee Yang said that it is "a breathtakingly brilliant education video by [Boswell] that has rendered my perpetual existential crisis shook to its core."[40] A writer from the Miami Herald referenced The Guerilla Film Makers Pocketbook by Chris Jones on the film.[41] Michael Nielsen said: on Twitter "Gorgeous. We're in a golden age of explanation," adding "I always find this... odd, and must admit anticipation of that reaction is making me increasingly hesitant to post things like this." [42] It has also been featured on futuretimeline.net.[43] Psychedelic art magazine Psysociety recommends it, leaning towards visuals and sound design.[44]

A German blogger said that Boswell "has traveled into the future of the future and shows [us] what the current state of science looks like in our universe if you fast forward to infinity. In just a minute we are all forgotten, everything turns into an all-consuming black hole and death takes longer than life."[45] Under the subtitle "Happy Wednesday, everything is meaningless," Kevin Pang on G/O Media's digital publication The Takeout says, "I found the existential questions conjured frightening, but also sobering and breathtaking and beautiful. It has the ability to make viewers hold two opposing thoughts simultaneously—that everything is beautiful and none of it means a damn thing."[46] Two Persian bloggers, Ahmadreza Zarei and Kamran Sehebi, states that it is a "seemingly scientific but slow documentary of deep ethical concepts,"[47] and that "[it is] a very profound moral concept, hoping that perhaps [it will give] seeing and understanding for us Iranians [as] a step and momentum [for] facing goodness and peace."[48] The film has also been similarized with the novel Evolution by Stephen Baxter, as well as the novels of the Xeelee Sequence, with the comment: "All these works repeatedly lead readers to the limits of imagination – how one can imagine that superstrings or entire galaxies are used as weapons? And that's exactly how I feel about this video."[49]

Scientists think that "the [film] is well done and sends a message 'very powerful about the humble role of humanity in the history of the universe,'" however, it is also criticized by IAC researcher Jonay González Hernández via El País for taking the confusing phrase by Sean Carroll "universes that have no intelligent life are infertile," in which Hernández states that "A universe in which there would be life of any of these types would be a fertile universe. But if we [look at the context], in the part where we talk about the creation of baby universes, it is logical to think that a fertile universe would be one in which there was a civilization intelligent enough or advanced enough to be able to create a new universe to escape from and, in that case, the phrase would make sense."[50]

Inspiration
External video and playlists
The music video for "The End of Everything" (3 minutes 8 seconds)
The playlist of the EP (all audio) The End of Everything (8 tracks)
The playlist for the EP (partially video) The End of Everything (8 tracks)

Singer and actress Noah Cyrus released the music video for the song "The End of Everything" in collaboration with Boswell on May 19, 2020, in which she states that it is inspired by Timelapse of the Future. The music video is a refreshed art installation-like version of Timelapse of the Future, similar to the draft version tweeted by Boswell in 2018, with some points omitted to fit the song's duration, and with some points shuffled to fit the lyrics. Some of the videos on the other songs on the EP of the same name also used imageries from Boswell. Via her Instagram account, she states: "I had the pleasure of working with him on this as well. I’ve never been more inspired to go and write a song based on a visual."[51] In an interview with NPR, she said:[52]

Th[e film] hit my heart so heav[ily]. My mom is my best friend and I immediately started thinking about her when I watched this. My time with her and my family is so limited — and with everybody on this earth. The mountains that I look at outside of my window from my view, they're going to explode and obliterate and there's not going to be a me or a you or my mom or my dad. And there's something really terrifying, but also comforting about that, when you think about how much fear and how much hatred there is in the world, and that will also end.

For me, it really put into perspective how shortly lived our moments here as humans are. Situations from when I was younger started entering my head that I wanted to apologize for. There were people I wanted to reach out to that I hadn’t checked in on in a while. There were wrongs that I felt needed to be made right. I realized I needed to appreciate the current moment more, and to let the ones I love know I love them. The message that what we have right now is what matters. Nothing else.[53]

Boswell, who became the director of the music video, went to his Instagram account, saying: "She captured this subject more elegantly in 3 minutes than I could in 30. We worked together on creating a custom short-form version of my original piece to fit the song, which is hauntingly beautiful, as is the rest of her EP of the same name. Thanks to Noah and her team for making me a part of this."[54]

Accolades

Timelapse of the Future won the 2020 Webby Awards as the People's of Voice winner and Webby winner in the 'Science & Education General Video' category, with the 5-word speech being "Thanks a million, billion, trillion,"[55][56][57] making it his second and third Webby Award since his first for remixing quotes from Fred Rogers.on PBS.[58]

Year Category Award Result
2019 N/A World of Knowledge International Film Festival Nominated
2020 Science & Education General Video Webby Awards Won

Effects

Most viewers were reported to be triggered with existential crisis[59] due to the film pace to the end of time being fast, and the representation of the size of humanity. A lot of these effects were seen in the comments section. Examples of results include comments saying: "If you see my comment saying 189 years ago,[...] it's because I'm dead by now," "Why are we still here? Just to suffer?" etc. An anonymous writer wrote: "In all those years watching videos on YouTube, never has a video moved so much with me to the point that I'm speechless at the end, unable to understand the existential emptiness that it caused in me. It's a terrifying feeling, a mixture of emotions, as if the entropy finally won and you no longer know what you're feeling."[60]

When asked, Boswell said:[9]

I find it comforting. It's beautiful in a way that the Big Bang was started from nothing and then at the end it’s going to be nothing all over again. There's an arc to it that I find really poetic. I don't fear the nothingness. If that's really the way it is, then so be it. I think it puts everything in your life into perspective. It really is about the journey, not the destination. And we’re just here to live our moment in the sun as best as we can and enjoy it. We live in this moment when it's not the early days of the universe, where it's this completely homogenous fireball. And we’re not at the end of the universe where it's this completely icy cold void with nothing in it. We’re in this Goldilocks moment. If we play our cards right, we potentially have trillions of years to live this moment and appreciate it as much as we can.

Similar projects

Boswell also makes similar documentaries related to cosmology, such as The Secret History of the Moon, web series Life Beyond, etc. They were generally enjoyed for the quality, emotion, and scientific accuracy.[61][62][63] He serves as the executive producer and music composer for Origins: The Journey of Humankind.[64] He also makes music and remixes based on astronomical elements, such as "Children of Planet Earth," where he remixes the Voyager Golden Record,[65] and "Man on the Moon," where he remixes the Apollo 11 recordings.[66] Much of his music are part of the web series Symphony of Science. They also get generally positive reviews, especially by Nick Sagan, concluding with: "Love it, love it, love it. Dad would have loved it, too."[67]

He also serves as the trailer producer for the game TerraGenesis,[68] and the composer for the Project CARS 3 trailer.[69]

In Internet culture

The film has caused several parody or similar videos/films to be posted on YouTube. On September 11, 2019, a shorter, Simple English (yet grammatically incorrect) parody of Timelapse of the Future, with the same title, premiered on a YouTube channel named Mitu Comparisons. It used upbeat music at the start, and further doubled its lapse as every one second as it reaches the Degenerate Era. Narration was substituted with subtitles. Several plot points were either skipped or changed (e.g. the Anthropocene era starting with technological advancement rather than geoscientific points) to better fit the 9-minute duration.[70] A silent Cosmic Calendar-like video with the same title was posted by the YouTube account Bahadur Parallax on May 12, 2020. It is in style of a vertical strip, moving down to different years into the future slowly, ending with "January 1."[71]

One of the tracks in the soundtrack, "Ether," is used in Kevin James's satirical comedy short film CouchX.[72] A sci-fi video game, Out There: Oceans of Time, has its title from one of the soundtrack's track "Oceans of Time."[73]

Soundtrack
Further information: Original soundtrack
"The Arrow of Time soundtrack" redirects here. For a technical and current research information-filled article regarding the arrow of time, see Entropy (arrow of time).

The title of the soundtrack album, The Arrow of Time, is taken from a narration in the film by Brian Cox:

The arrow of time creates a bright window in the universe's adolescence, during which life is possible. But its a window that doesn't stay open for long. As a fraction of the lifespan of the universe, as measured from its beginning to the evaporation of the last black hole, life, as we know it, is only possible for one thousandth of a billion billion billionth billion billion billionth billion billion billionth of a percent.[upper-alpha 8]

The Arrow of Time: Soundtrack to Timelapse of the Future
The artwork, using the same shot the thumbnail uses, but in a contrasted and squared version. Squeezing of the shot is also implemented in an IMDb poster of the film.[74]
Soundtrack album by
John Boswell
ReleasedMarch 20, 2019 (2019-03-20)
GenreDark ambient, synth bass, dubstep, lounge, space, experimental
Length31:28
ProducerJohn Boswell
melodysheep chronology
Continuum E.P.
(2018)		 The Arrow of Time: Soundtrack to Timelapse of the Future
(2019)		 Life Beyond: Chapter 1 Original Soundtrack
(2019)
Does not include archived narrations.

This track list still does not include the hidden track posted on Boswell's Patreon. All music is composed by John Boswell.

No.TitleLength
1."Sun Mother"3:36
2."The Somnium"5:30
3."Ether"1:54
4."Wither Away"0:58
5."Afterlife"0:51
6."Mesa"1:11
7."Subterranean"1:42
8."The Long Sleep"1:43
9."Black Desert"1:33
10."Hawking's Waltz"1:15
11."Oceans of Time"2:46
12."The Rising Dawn Bellows Like Thunder"4:12
13."City of Ghosts"1:32
14."Passage" (Bonus Track)2:45
Total length:31:28
gollark: HTTP has a mandatory Date header too.
gollark: Probably. I am sure they are aware of very basic attacks.
gollark: I don't know anyone called Valery.
gollark: radians per second.
gollark: Apparently there's "MicroPython" and "Circuit Python".

See also

Film assets

Notes
  1. An auto-calculated estimation in CPM according to Social Blade, as of August 17, 2020 UTC.
  2. Specifically, it is not the video that is lapsing every five seconds, but rather the year numbers displayed below the animation.
    The film is named "Timelapse...," because the term 'hyperlapse' is not so notable among society, with the term emerging in 2012. Thus, Timelapse of the Future is a misnomer.
  3. Also known as "decillion."
  4. Also known as "ten quindecillion."
  5. Also known as "trevigintillion."
  6. Also known as "ten quattuorvigintillion" or a "googol"
  7. "Nothing happens, and it keeps not happening, forever" is the last sentence in the film, narrated by Brian Cox.
  8. Numerically, it is 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001%, or 10^(-84)%. Life is naturally possible only until the last star dies― which also marks the end of the Stelliferous Era of the universe― at about 100 trillion years after the Big Bang. Dividing this period by the entire lifespan of the universe, until its heat death at about 10^100 (1 googol) years from now, results in a mere 1/10^86 (86 zeros before the decimal 1; 1 in 1 duooctagintillion) or 10^(-84)%.

References
  1. "I don't fear the nothingness. If that's really the way it is, then so be it". The Long Now Foundation. August 18, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2020 – via Twitter.
  2. Boswell, John D. (February 14, 2019). "Coming soon: my most ambitious release yet". Melodysheep. Retrieved July 22, 2020 – via Patreon.
  3. "Voyager - The Interstellar Mission". voyager.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  4. Boswell, John D. (March 16, 2019). "We will travel from..." melodysheep. Retrieved July 18, 2020 – via Twitter.
  5. "Helen Keller Quotes". BrainyQuote. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  6. Boswell, John D. (January 1, 2019). "Ash. Welcome to Earth". Melodysheep. Retrieved July 24, 2020 – via Instagram.
  7. Boswell, John D. (October 10, 2018). "The past few months, I have been working on an experimental long-form video that chronicles the future of everything and the death of the universe". Melodysheep. Retrieved August 5, 2020 – via Twitter.
  8. Andersen, Asbjoern; Walden, Jennifer (May 16, 2019). "Behind the sound for the mind-blowing 'Timelapse Of The Future: A Journey to the End of Time':". A Sound Effect. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  9. Kabil, Ahmed (April 10, 2020). "This is How the Universe Ends". The Long Now Foundation. Retrieved July 11, 2020 – via Medium.
  10. Boswell, John D. (February 14, 2020). "Cinema 4D + Octane, and after effects + element 3D". Melodysheep. Retrieved August 15, 2020 – via Twitter.
  11. Boswell, John D. "TIMELAPSE OF THE FUTURE: A Journey to the End of Time (4K) | Amara". Amara. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  12. Boswell, John D. (June 25, 2019). "Summer beats". Melodysheep. Retrieved August 16, 2020 – via Twitter.
  13. "Music Library". Melodysheep. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  14. Boswell, John D. (2018), Cradle, The artwork cover, retrieved August 16, 2020 (via SoundCloud)
  15. Boswell, John D. "Timelapse of the Entire Universe". Melodysheep. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
  16. Boswell, John D. (July 21, 2018). "Pangaea Ultima, 250 million years in the future". Melodysheep. Retrieved August 5, 2020 – via Twitter.
  17. Boswell, John D. (October 18, 2018). "Whatever your troubles, just know in 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years it will all be over, when the last black hole has evaporated and the universe decays to nothing". Melodysheep. Retrieved August 5, 2020 – via Twitter.
  18. Boswell, John D. (February 1, 2019). "Thanks for 100! Teaser for my next release". Melodysheep. Retrieved July 22, 2020 – via Patreon.
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  20. Boswell, John D. (March 15, 2019). "Something big is coming. Teaser drops tomorrow". melodysheep. Retrieved July 18, 2020 – via Twitter.
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