Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman

The Lord Denman
The Right Honourable; The Lord Denman; PC
Lord Chief Justice of England; Lord High Steward for the trial of: List The Earl Cardigan;
	In office; 1832–1850
Monarch	William IV; Victoria;
Preceded by	The Lord Tenterden
Succeeded by	The Lord Campbell
Chancellor of the Exchequer; Acting
	In office; 14 November 1834 – 15 December 1834
Monarch	William IV
Prime Minister	The Duke of Wellington (interim)
Preceded by	Viscount Althorp
Succeeded by	Sir Robert Peel, Bt
Personal details
Born	23 July 1779; London
Died	26 September 1854 (aged 75); Stoke Albany, Northamptonshire
Nationality	British
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Theodosia Vevers (m. 1804; died 1852)
Alma mater	St John's College, Cambridge

Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman, PC (23 July 1779 – 26 September 1854) was a British lawyer, judge and politician. He served as Lord Chief Justice between 1832 and 1850.

Background and education

Denman was born in London, the son of Dr Thomas Denman. In his fourth year he attended Palgrave Academy in Suffolk, where his education was supervised by Anna Laetitia Barbauld and her husband.[1] He continued to Eton and St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1800.[2] In 1806 he was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn, and at once entered upon practice.[3]

Legal and judicial career

Lord Denman as Lord Chief Justice, by Sir Martin Archer Shee.

His success was rapid, and in a few years he attained a position at the bar second only to that of Henry Brougham and James Scarlett. He distinguished himself by his defence of the Luddites; but his most brilliant appearance was as one of the counsel for Queen Caroline. His speech before the House of Lords was very powerful, and some competent judges even considered it not inferior to Brougham's. It contained one or two daring passages, which made the King his bitter enemy, and retarded his legal promotion.[3] Unfortunately he made a notable gaffe when he compared the Queen to the Biblical woman taken in adultery, who was told to "go away and sin no more". This suggested that her counsel had no belief in the Queen's innocence, and produced the mocking satire:

"Most Gracious Queen, we thee implore
To go away and sin no more
Or if that effort be too great
To go away at any rate".

At the general election of 1818 he was returned Member of Parliament for Wareham, and at once took his seat with the Whig opposition. In the following year he was returned for Nottingham, which seat he represented until 1826 and again from 1830 until his elevation to the bench in 1832. His liberal principles had caused his exclusion from office till in 1822 he was appointed Common Serjeant of London by the corporation of London. In 1830 he was made Attorney General under Lord Grey's administration and was knighted on 24 November that year.[4]

Two years later he was made Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench and was sworn of the Privy Council two days later.[5] In 1834, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Denman, of Dovedale, in the County of Derby.[6] As a judge he is best remembered for his decision in the important privilege case of Stockdale v. Hansard (9 Ad. & El. I.; II Ad. & El. 253).[3] In 1841 he presided, as Lord High Steward, over the trial in the House of Lords of the Earl of Cardigan for attempted murder. In O'Connell v the Queen, in 1844, he led the majority of the Lords in quashing the conviction for sedition of Daniel O'Connell. This is a tribute to his integrity since O'Connell was regarded with aversion by the British ruling class; but Denman, as he made clear, could not accept that he had received a fair trial. In 1850 he resigned his chief justiceship and retired into private life. He was a Governor of the Charter House, and a Vice-President of the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy. He also strove with great energy, both as a writer and as a judge, to effect the abolition of the slave trade.[7]

Family

Lord Denman married Theodosia Anne, daughter of Reverend Richard Vevers, in 1804. His Derbyshire seat was Middleton Hall, Stoney Middleton. He died at Stoke Albany, Northamptonshire aged 75, and was succeeded in the barony by his oldest son Thomas. Another son, Joseph, was a Royal Navy officer, while another, George, was an MP and High Court judge.

Cases

Williams v. Carwardine (1833) 4 B. & Ad. 621
Stockdale v. Hansard 9 Ad. & El. I.; II Ad. & El. 253
Lynch v. Nurdin 1 QB 29, (1841) Arn and H 158, (1841) 113 ER 1041
O’Connell v The Queen [1844] 11 Cl. & Fin. 155

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References

"Memoir of Mrs Barbauld by Lucy Aikin, p v".
"Denman, Thomas (DNMN796T)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Denman, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 23.
"No. 3915". The Edinburgh Gazette. 30 November 1830. p. 325.
"No. 18993". The London Gazette. 9 November 1832. p. 2469.
"No. 19139". The London Gazette. 25 March 1834. p. 539.
Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Denman, Thomas" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

Sources

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Thomas Denman
"Denman, Thomas" . The American Cyclopædia. 1879.

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Robert Gordon Theodore Henry Broadhead	Member of Parliament for Wareham 1818–1820 With: John Calcraft	Succeeded by John Calcraft John Hales Calcraft
Preceded by The Lord Rancliffe Joseph Birch	Member of Parliament for Nottingham 1820–1826 With: Joseph Birch	Succeeded by Joseph Birch The Lord Rancliffe
Preceded by Joseph Birch The Lord Rancliffe	Member of Parliament for Nottingham 1830–1832 With: Sir Ronald Crauford Ferguson	Succeeded by Sir Ronald Crauford Ferguson Viscount Duncannon
Legal offices
Preceded by Sir James Scarlett	Attorney General for England and Wales 1830–1832	Succeeded by Sir William Horne
Preceded by The Lord Tenterden	Lord Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench 1832–1850	Succeeded by The Lord Campbell
Political offices
Preceded by Viscount Althorp	Chancellor of the Exchequer pro tempore 1834	Succeeded by Sir Robert Peel
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by New creation	Baron Denman 1834–1854	Succeeded by Thomas Denman

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[1] "Memoir of Mrs Barbauld by Lucy Aikin, p v".

[2] "Denman, Thomas (DNMN796T)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

[EB1911-3] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Denman, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 23.

[4] "No. 3915". The Edinburgh Gazette. 30 November 1830. p. 325.

[5] "No. 18993". The London Gazette. 9 November 1832. p. 2469.

[6] "No. 19139". The London Gazette. 25 March 1834. p. 539.

[7] Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Denman, Thomas" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

Chancellors of the Exchequer
of England	Eustace of Fauconberg Maunsell Leicester Westminster Chishull W. Giffard G. Giffard Chishull de la Leye Willoughby Benstead Sandale Hotham Stanton Harvington Wodehouse Stratford Ashby Ashton Barnham Somer Somerset Browne Witham Thwaites Witham Fowler Catesby Lovell Berners Cromwell Baker Sackville Mildmay Fortescue Dunbar Caesar Greville Portland Barrett Cottington Colepeper Hyde Ashley Duncombe Ernle Delamer Hampden Montagu Smith Boyle
of Great Britain	Boyle Smith Harley Benson Wyndham Onslow Walpole Stanhope Aislabie Pratt Walpole Sandys Pelham Lee Bilson-Legge Lyttelton Bilson-Legge Mansfield Bilson-Legge Barrington Dashwood Grenville Dowdeswell Townshend North Cavendish Pitt Cavendish Pitt Addington Pitt Ellenborough Petty Perceval Vansittart
of the United Kingdom	Vansittart Robinson Canning Tenterden Herries Goulburn Althorp Denman Peel Spring Rice Baring Goulburn Wood Disraeli Gladstone Lewis Disraeli Gladstone Disraeli Hunt Lowe Gladstone Northcote Gladstone Childers Hicks Beach Harcourt R. Churchill Goschen Harcourt Hicks Beach Ritchie A. Chamberlain Asquith Lloyd George McKenna Law A. Chamberlain Horne Baldwin N. Chamberlain Snowden W. Churchill Snowden N. Chamberlain Simon Wood Anderson Dalton Cripps Gaitskell Butler Macmillan Thorneycroft Heathcoat-Amory Lloyd Maudling Callaghan Jenkins Macleod Barber Healey Howe Lawson Major Lamont Clarke Brown Darling Osborne Hammond Javid Sunak
Italic: Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer, as Lord Chief Justice