Teplice

Teplice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtɛplɪtsɛ]), Teplice-Šanov until 1948 (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtɛplɪtsɛ ˈʃanof]; German: Teplitz-Schönau), is a statutory city in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic and the capital of the Teplice District. It is the Czech Republic's second largest spa town, after Karlovy Vary.

See other locations named Teplice.
Teplice
Statutory city
Castle square and church
Flag
Coat of arms
Teplice
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 50°38′40″N 13°49′55″E
Country Czech Republic
RegionÚstí nad Labem
DistrictTeplice
First mentioned12th century
Government
 • MayorHynek Hanza (ODS)
Area
 • Total23.78 km2 (9.18 sq mi)
Elevation
228 m (748 ft)
Population
 (2020-01-01[1])
 • Total49,731
 • Density2,100/km2 (5,400/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
415 01
Websitewww.teplice.cz

Geography

Teplice is located in North Bohemia, near the border with the German state of Saxony. It is situated in the valley of the Bílina river between the slopes of the Ore Mountains (Czech: Krušné Hory) in the northwest and the Central Bohemian Uplands (České středohoří) in the southeast, about 15 km (9.3 mi) west of Ústí nad Labem.

The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Teplice proper, Prosetice, Nová Ves, Řetenice, Hudcov, Trnovany, and Sobědruhy.

History
Teplice city Seal ~ 1750 with the head of John the Baptist, the patron saint of the local Benedictine monastery

According to the 1541 Annales Bohemorum by chronicler Wenceslaus Hajek, the thermal springs are fabled to have been discovered as early as 762; however, the first authentic mention of the baths occurred in the 16th century. The settlement of Trnovany was first documented in a 1057 deed, while Teplice proper was first mentioned about 1158, when Judith of Thuringia, queen consort of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia, founded a Benedictine nunnery ad aquas calidas ("at the hot springs"), the second in Bohemia. A fortified town arose around the monastery, which was destroyed in the course of the Hussite Wars after the 1426 Battle of Aussig. In the late 15th century, queen consort Joanna of Rožmitál, wife of King George of Poděbrady, had a castle erected on the ruins. The name "Teplice" is derived from the Old Czech, meaning "hot spring".[2]

Teplice figures in the history of the Thirty Years' War, when it was a possession of the Protestant Bohemian noble Vilém Kinský, who was assassinated together with Generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein at Cheb in 1634. The Habsburg emperor Ferdinand II thereafter enfeoffed castle and town to his general Johann von Aldringen, who nevertheless was killed in battle in the same year, and Teplice fell to his sister Anna Maria von Clary-Aldringen. Consequently, and until 1945, Teplitz Castle was the primarily seat of the princely House of Clary-Aldringen. After the Thirty Years' War, the devastated town was the destination of many German settlers.

After a blaze in 1793, large parts of the town were rebuilt in a Neoclassical style. The health resort was a popular venue for wealthy bourgeois like the poet Johann Gottfried Seume, who died on his stay in 1810, or Ludwig van Beethoven, who met here with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1812; as well as for European monarchs. During the Napoleonic War of the Sixth Coalition, Teplice in August 1813 was the site where Emperor Francis I of Austria, Emperor Alexander I of Russia and King Frederick William III of Prussia first signed the triple alliance against Napoleon I of France that led to the coalition victory at the nearby Battle of Kulm.

Czech inscriptions smeared by Sudeten German activists, March 1938

In 1895, Teplice merged with neighbouring Lázně Šanov (Schönau). Upon the dissolution of Austria-Hungary after World War I and the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the predominantly German-speaking population found itself in newly established Czechoslovakia. Right-wing political groups like the German National Socialist Worker's Party referred to themselves as Volksdeutsche and began to urge for a unification with Germany, their efforts laid the foundation for the rise of the Sudeten German Party under Konrad Henlein after 1933. With the Sudetenland, Teplice was annexed by Nazi Germany according to the 1938 Munich Agreement and incorporated into Reichsgau Sudetenland. In 1930, 3,213 Jews lived in Teplice, 10% of the population. Under the Nazi regime they faced the Holocaust in the Sudetenland. Many fled and the Teplice Synagogue was burnt during Kristallnacht.[3][4]

After World War II the Czechoslovak government enacted the Beneš decrees, whereafter the German-speaking majority of the population was expelled from Teplice. In 1945, the Princes of Clary-Aldringen, lords of Teplice since 1634, were expropriated.

In 1994, Jaroslav Kubera of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) became mayor of Teplice and he held the position until 2018.

Town hall
Teplice Palace (main residence of the princes of Clary-Aldringen from 1634 to 1945)

Sports
Main article: FK Teplice
Na Stínadlech

Teplice is home to the professional football club FK Teplice playing in the Czech First League. Notable players of the club include Josef Masopust and Pavel Verbíř. The stadium, Na Stínadlech, is one of the largest in the country and has hosted international matches.

Paleontology

Fossils of an elasmosaurid plesiosaur (large carnivorous marine reptile from the Cretaceous period) were found near Teplice at the end of the 19th Century. In Hudcov, a nearby village, plesiosaur Cimoliasaurus teplicensis was described in 1906 by Czech paleontologist Antonín Frič.[5]

Notable people

Natives

Residents

Climate
Climate data for Teplice, Czech Republic
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 59
(15)		 67
(19)		 72
(22)		 82
(28)		 91
(33)		 97
(36)		 99
(37)		 101
(38)		 94
(34)		 85
(29)		 67
(19)		 62
(17)		 101
(38)
Average high °F (°C) 35
(2)		 37
(3)		 46
(8)		 56
(13)		 64
(18)		 72
(22)		 76
(24)		 76
(24)		 67
(19)		 55
(13)		 44
(7)		 36
(2)		 55
(13)
Daily mean °F (°C) 29.7
(−1.3)		 31.2
(−0.4)		 38.7
(3.7)		 46.6
(8.1)		 54.2
(12.3)		 62.2
(16.8)		 66.1
(18.9)		 65.9
(18.8)		 57.7
(14.3)		 48.1
(8.9)		 39.7
(4.3)		 32.0
(0.0)		 47.4
(8.6)
Average low °F (°C) 25
(−4)		 25
(−4)		 31
(−1)		 37
(3)		 45
(7)		 52
(11)		 56
(13)		 56
(13)		 48
(9)		 41
(5)		 34
(1)		 28
(−2)		 39.7
(4.3)
Record low °F (°C) −11
(−24)		 −15
(−26)		 1
(−17)		 14
(−10)		 26
(−3)		 37
(3)		 44
(7)		 39
(4)		 34
(1)		 17
(−8)		 10
(−12)		 1
(−17)		 −15
(−26)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.98
(25)		 0.98
(25)		 1.26
(32)		 1.61
(41)		 3.03
(77)		 2.95
(75)		 2.75
(70)		 2.81
(71)		 1.65
(42)		 1.22
(31)		 1.26
(32)		 1.22
(31)		 21.72
(552)
Source: [7]
Memorial for fallen pilots of the 15th division of the US air force. Inscription: "To honor the memory of the pilots of the 15th aerial army of the USA who died during the aerial battles over Teplice in the years 1944–1945."
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References
  1. "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2020". Czech Statistical Office. 2020-04-30.
  2. Lutterer, Ivan; Majtán, Ivan; Šrámek, Rudolf (1982). Zeměpisná jména Československa. Slovník vybraných zeměpisných jmen s výkladem jejich původu a historického vývoje. Prague: Mladá Fronta. pp. 301–302.
  3. Osterloh, Jörg (2015). "Sudetenland". In Gruner, Wolf; Osterloh, Jörg (eds.). The Greater German Reich and the Jews: Nazi Persecution Policies in the Annexed Territories 1935–1945. War and Genocide. Translated by Heise, Bernard. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 68–98. ISBN 978-1-78238-444-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  4. Kocourek, Ludomír (1997). "Das Schicksal der Juden im Sudetengau im Licht der erhaltenen Quellen" [The Fate of the Jews in Sudetengau in Light of the Surviving Sources]. Theresienstädter Studien und Dokumente (in German) (4): 86–104. CEEOL 155844.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  5. http://www.osel.cz/11084-skutecna-ceska-lochneska.html
  6. Novalis: Philosophical Writings
  7. The Weather Channel
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