Syodontinae

Syodontinae is a group of dinocephalian therapsids. It is one of two subfamilies in the family Anteosauridae, the other being Anteosaurinae.[1] They are known from the Middle Permian Period of what is now Russia and South Africa. One of the best known syodontines is Syodon from Russia. The South African form Australosyodon, is one of the earliest known Gondwanan anteosaurs.

Syodontinae Temporal range: Middle Permian 267–260 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Therapsida
Suborder:	†Dinocephalia
Family:	†Anteosauridae
Subfamily:	†Syodontinae Ivakhnenko, 1994
Subgroups
†Australosyodon †Notosyodon †Pampaphoneus †Syodon

Description

Syodontines lack the boss on the lower jaw that characterises the related anteosaurines, and they have often been considered more primitive in this respect.

Classification

Below is a cladogram showing syodontine relationships from a 2012 phylogenetic study of anteosaurians:[2]

Therapsida

Biarmosuchus tener   Dinocephalia     Estemmenosuchus uralensis       Ulemosaurus svijagensis     Tapinocaninus pamelae       Anteosauridae   Archaeosyodon praeventor     Anteosaurinae   Sinophoneus yumenensis       Titanophoneus adamanteus       Titanophoneus potens     Anteosaurus magnificus         Syodontinae   Pampaphoneus biccai       Notosyodon gusevi       Syodon biarmicum     Australosyodon nyaphuli

References

1. Kammerer, C.F. (2011). "Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (2): 261–304. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.492645.
2. Cisneros, J.C.; Abdala, F.; Atayman-Güven, S.; Rubidge, B.S.; Şengör, A.M.C.; Schultz, C.L. (2012). "Carnivorous dinocephalian from the Middle Permian of Brazil and tetrapod dispersal in Pangaea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (5): 1584–1588. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115975109. PMC 3277192. PMID 22307615.