Syodontinae

Syodontinae is a group of dinocephalian therapsids. It is one of two subfamilies in the family Anteosauridae, the other being Anteosaurinae.[1] They are known from the Middle Permian Period of what is now Russia and South Africa. One of the best known syodontines is Syodon from Russia. The South African form Australosyodon, is one of the earliest known Gondwanan anteosaurs.

Syodontinae
Temporal range: Middle Permian 267–260 Ma
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Therapsida
Suborder: †Dinocephalia
Family: †Anteosauridae
Subfamily: †Syodontinae
Ivakhnenko, 1994
Subgroups

Description

Syodontines lack the boss on the lower jaw that characterises the related anteosaurines, and they have often been considered more primitive in this respect.

Classification

Below is a cladogram showing syodontine relationships from a 2012 phylogenetic study of anteosaurians:[2]

Therapsida
 

Biarmosuchus tener

 
Dinocephalia
 
 

Estemmenosuchus uralensis

 
 
 

Ulemosaurus svijagensis

 
 

Tapinocaninus pamelae

 
 
 
Anteosauridae
 

Archaeosyodon praeventor

 
 
Anteosaurinae
 

Sinophoneus yumenensis

 
 
 

Titanophoneus adamanteus

 
 
 

Titanophoneus potens

 
 

Anteosaurus magnificus

 
 
 
 
Syodontinae
 

Pampaphoneus biccai

 
 
 

Notosyodon gusevi

 
 
 

Syodon biarmicum

 
 

Australosyodon nyaphuli

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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References
  1. Kammerer, C.F. (2011). "Systematics of the Anteosauria (Therapsida: Dinocephalia)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 9 (2): 261–304. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.492645.
  2. Cisneros, J.C.; Abdala, F.; Atayman-Güven, S.; Rubidge, B.S.; Şengör, A.M.C.; Schultz, C.L. (2012). "Carnivorous dinocephalian from the Middle Permian of Brazil and tetrapod dispersal in Pangaea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (5): 1584–1588. doi:10.1073/pnas.1115975109. PMC 3277192. PMID 22307615.


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