Sulfadiazine

Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic.[2] Used together with pyrimethamine, it is the treatment of choice for toxoplasmosis.[3] It is a second-line treatment for otitis media, prevention of rheumatic fever, chancroid, chlamydia, and infections by Haemophilus influenzae.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2]

Sulfadiazine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682130
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out) [1]
    Routes of
    administration    		Topical cream, by mouth
    Drug classAntibiotic (sulfonamide)[2]
    ATC code
    Legal status
    Legal status
    • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
    Pharmacokinetic data
    Bioavailability?
    Protein binding38-48%[2]
    MetabolismLiver (acetylation)[2]
    Elimination half-life7-17 hours [2]
    ExcretionUrine [2]
    Identifiers
    CAS Number
    PubChem CID
    DrugBank
    ChemSpider
    UNII
    KEGG
    ChEMBL
    CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
    ECHA InfoCard100.000.623
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC10H10N4O2S
    Molar mass250.28 g·mol−1
    Melting point252 to 256 °C (486 to 493 °F)
     NY (what is this?)  (verify)

    Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, fever, rash, depression, and pancreatitis.[2] It should not be used in people who have severe liver problems, kidney problems, or porphyria.[3] If used during pregnancy, it may increase the risk of kernicterus in the baby.[2] While the company that makes it does not recommend use during breastfeeding, use is believed to be safe if the baby is otherwise healthy.[1] It is in the sulfonamide class of medications.[2]

    Sulfadiazine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1941.[2][4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[5] Sulfadiazine is available as a generic medication.[2]

    Medical uses

    It eliminates bacteria that cause infections by stopping the production of folate inside the bacterial cell, and is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections and burns.

    In combination, sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine can be used to treat toxoplasmosis, the disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii.

    Mechanism of action

    Sulfadiazine works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase.

    Side effects

    Side effects reported for sulfadiazine include nausea, loss of appetite, and dizziness.

    Brand names

    This drug is sold branded as Lantrisul, Neotrizine, Sulfa-Triple #2, Sulfadiazine, Sulfaloid, Sulfonamides Duplex, Sulfose, Terfonyl, Triple Sulfa, Triple Sulfas, and Triple Sulfoid.

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    See also

    References
    1. "Sulfadiazine Use During Pregnancy | Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
    2. "Sulfadiazine". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
    3. World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 126, 205. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
    4. "Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products". www.accessdata.fda.gov. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
    5. World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
    • "Sulfadiazine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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