Sudan III

Sudan III is a lysochrome (fat-soluble dye) diazo dye. It is structurally related to azobenzene.[1]

Sudan III
Names
IUPAC name
1-(4-(Phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)azonaphthalen-2-ol
Other names
Sudan Red BK, Fat Ponceau G, Cerasin Red, C.I. 26100, Solvent Red 23, Sudan Red, Sudan Red III, Sudan V, Sudan Red B, Sudan G, Scarlet B, and Tony Red
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.490
KEGG
UNII
Properties
C22H16N4O
Molar mass 352.397 g·mol−1
Melting point 199 °C (390 °F; 472 K)
Hazards
S-phrases (outdated) S22-S24/25
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Uses

It is used to color nonpolar substances such as oils, fats, waxes, greases, various hydrocarbon products, and acrylic emulsions. Its main use is as a fuel dye in the United States of America mandated by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to distinguish low-taxed heating oil from automotive diesel fuel, and by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to mark fuels with higher sulfur content; it is a replacement for Solvent Red 26 with better solubility in hydrocarbons.[2] The concentration required by IRS is a spectral equivalent of 3.9 pounds per 1000 barrels, or 11.13 mg/l, of Solvent Red 26 in solid form; the concentrations required by EPA are roughly 5 times lower.

Biological staining

Sudan III is a dye used for Sudan staining. Similar dyes include Oil Red O, Sudan IV, and Sudan Black B. They are used for staining of triglycerides in frozen sections, and some protein bound lipids and lipoproteins on paraffin sections. It has the appearance of reddish brown crystals and a maximum absorption at 507(304) nm.[3]

Its other names are D&C Red17, Sudan Red BK, Fat Ponceau G, Cerasin Red, C.I. 26100, Solvent Red 23, Sudan Red, Sudan Red III, Sudan V, Sudan Red B, Sudan G, Scarlet B, and Tony Red.

Safety

Sudan I, Sudan III, and Sudan IV have been classified as category 3 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.[4]

Its risk and safety phrases are S22-S24/S25.

Sudan III is harmful if inhaled or swallowed, and can be absorbed through skin. MSDS rated a contact severity of 3, and cannot be made non-poisonous. Inhalation can cause intoxication and eye contact can lead to blurred vision and potentially blindness. The toxic effects exerted upon nervous system, particularly the optic nerve. Once absorbed into the body, it is very slowly eliminated. Symptoms of overexposure may include headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, blindness, coma, and death.[5]

Toxicology test:[5]

Rat (oral) LD50: 5628 mg/kg.

Rat (Inhalation) LC50: 64000 ppm/4H.

Rabbit (Skin) LD50: 15800 mg/kg

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References
  1. Hunger, Klaus; Mischke, Peter; Rieper, Wolfgang; Raue, Roderich; Kunde, Klaus; Engel, Aloys (2005). "Azo Dyes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_245.
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-05-10. Retrieved 2006-02-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. R. D. Lillie. Conn's Biological Stains. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD., U.S.A.
  4. Refat NA, Ibrahim ZS, Moustafa GG, Sakamoto KQ, Ishizuka M, Fujita S (2008). "The induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 by Sudan dyes". J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 22 (2): 77–84. doi:10.1002/jbt.20220. PMID 18418879.
  5. "MSDS of SUDAN III" (PDF).
  • Susan Budavari, Editor, (1996). The Merck Index, Ed. 12. Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA
  • Edward Gurr, (1971). Synthetic Dyes in Biology, Medicine and Chemistry. Academic Press, London, England.
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