Strugo-Krasnensky District

Strugo-Krasnensky District (Russian: Струго-Красненский район) is an administrative[1] and municipal[2] district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Plyussky District in the north, Shimsky and Soletsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast in the east, Porkhovsky District in the south, Pskovsky District in the west, and with Gdovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,090.1 square kilometers (1,193.1 sq mi).[3] Its administrative center is the urban locality (a work settlement) of Strugi Krasnye.[2] Population: 13,466 (2010 Census);[4] 16,579 (2002 Census);[8] 16,293 (1989 Census).[9] The population of Strugi Krasnye accounts for 62.7% of the district's total population.[4]

Strugo-Krasnensky District Струго-Красненский район
District
Tvorozhkovsky Holy Trinity Monastery, Strugo-Kransnensky District
Coat of arms
Location of Strugo-Krasnensky District in Pskov Oblast
Coordinates: 58°16′N 29°06′E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Pskov Oblast[1]
Established	1927
Administrative center	Strugi Krasnye[2]
Area [3]
• Total	3,090.1 km^2 (1,193.1 sq mi)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	13,466
• Estimate  (2018)[5]	10,026 (-25.5%)
• Density	4.4/km^2 (11/sq mi)
• Urban	62.7%
• Rural	37.3%
Administrative structure
• Inhabited localities[2]	1 Urban-type settlements[6], 174 Rural localities
Municipal structure
• Municipally incorporated as	Strugo-Krasnensky Municipal District[2]
• Municipal divisions[2]	1 Urban settlements, 5 Rural settlements
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [7])
OKTMO ID	58656000
Website	http://strugikrasnye.reg60.ru

Geography

The district is located on the divide between the basins of the Narva and Neva Rivers. The southeastern part of the district lies in the basin of the Sitnya River, a left tributary of the Shelon in the basin of the Neva. The rivers in the north of the district drain into the Plyussa River, a major left tributary of the Narva. The northwest of the district belongs to the basin of the Zhelcha, a tributary of Lake Peipus. The Zhelcha itself has its source in Strugo-Krasnensky District. Finally, the southwestern part of the district belongs to the basin of the Pskova, a right tributary of the Velikaya River, also in the basin of Lake Peipus. The Pskova originates from within the district.

Lakes in the district include Lake Shchirskoye and Lake Chyornoye. Both are located in the north of the district in the basin of the Plyussa.

The landscape of the district is mostly flat and covered by pine-tree forests.[10]

History

Until the 15th century, the area was a part of the Novgorod Republic. After the fall of the republic it was, together will all of the Novgorod lands, annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. It belonged to Shelonskaya Pyatina, one of the five pyatinas into which Novgorod lands were divided. The villages of Strugi and Belaya were mentioned in chronicles in 1498. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). The current territory of the district was split between Gdovsky Uyezd (west) and Luzhsky Uyezd (east). Between 1851 and 1862, the railway connecting St. Petersburg and Warsaw via Pskov was built and crossed Luzhsky Uyezd. This facilitated economic development of the eastern part of the current territory of the district. A station was built close to the village of Belaya in 1856. As it is a common name, to avoid duplication, in 1905 the station was renamed Strugi-Belye, incorporating the name of the village of Strugi.[11]

In 1919, Strugi Belye was an arena of important events of the Russian Civil War. Originally, the territory east of Lake Peipus was under control of the revolutionary government. On October 4, 1919, the White Army troops of Nikolai Yudenich captured the station of Strugi Belye during an advance. In November 1919, the Red Army recaptured it.[12] Subsequently, to avoid connotations with the White Army, the station was renamed Strugi Krasnye (with krasny meaning red in Russian).

On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished and Strugo-Krasnensky District was established, with the administrative center in the settlement of Strugi Krasnye. It included parts of former Luzhsky and Gdovsky Uyezds. The governorates were abolished as well and the district became a part of Luga Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 1, 1932, Plyussky and Novoselsky Districts were abolished and Strugo-Krasnensky District was expanded with parts of their territories. On February 15, 1935, both districts were re-established. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Strugo-Krasnensky District was a part of Pskov Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. Between August 1941 and February 1944, Strugo-Krasnensky District was occupied by German troops. On August 23, 1944, Strugo-Krasnensky District was transferred to newly established Pskov Oblast.[13]

On August 1, 1927, Novoselsky District was established as well, with the administrative center in the selo of Novoselye. It included parts of former Gdovsky and Luzhsky Uyezds. The district was a part of Luga Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On January 1, 1932, the district was abolished and merged into Strugo-Krasnensky District. On February 15, 1935, Novoselsky District was re-established. Between August 1941 and February 1944, Novoselsky District was occupied by German troops. On August 23, 1944, the district was transferred to Pskov Oblast.[14] On October 3, 1959, Novoselsky District was abolished and merged into Strugo-Krasnensky District.[15]

In April 1946, Pavsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Pavy was established. It included areas formerly belonging to Strugo-Krasnensky and Porkhovsky Districts. In October 1959, Pavsky District was abolished and split between Strugo-Krasnensky and Porkhovsky Districts.[16]

Economy

A grocery store in the village of Ludoni

Industry

The industry of the district is based on timber production.[17]

Agriculture

The main agricultural specializations in the district are cattle breeding (with milk and meat production) and crops and potato growing.[18]

Transportation

A railway connecting St. Petersburg and Pskov crosses the district from northeast to southwest. Strugi Krasnye is the principal railway station within the district.

The M20 highway which connects St. Petersburg and Pskov crosses the district as well. Strugi Krasnye is connected by the road with the highway. There are also local roads.

Culture and recreation

The district contains two cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally forty-one objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[19] Both federal monuments are archeological sites.

Strugi Krasnye hosts Strugo-Krasnensky District Museum, the only museum in the district. The museum, which was opened in 1991, hosts collections of local interest.[20]

References

Notes

1. Law #833-oz
2. Law #420-oz
3. О районе (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
4. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
5. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
6. The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
7. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
8. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
9. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
10. Географическая характеристика (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
11. История района (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
12. Ратьковский, И. С.; Ходяков М. В. (2001). История Советской России (in Russian). Лань. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
13. Струго-Красненский район (август 1927 г. - август 1944 г.) (in Russian). Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
14. Новосельский район (авг. 1927 г. – янв. 1932 г., февр. 1935 – авг. 1944 г.) (in Russian). Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
15. Петров, Г. В. (1988). Струги-Красные. Лениздат.
16. Лобачёв, А. И. (2007). Павский район. Псковская энциклопедия (in Russian). Псковское региональное общественное учреждение - издательство "Псковская энциклопедия". Retrieved June 11, 2012.
17. Промышленность (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
18. Сельское хозяйство (in Russian). Портал муниципальных образований Псковской области. Retrieved June 11, 2012.
19. Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
20. Стругокрасненский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Администрация Псковской области. Retrieved May 28, 2012.

Sources

• Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №833-оз от 5 февраля 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Псковской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №20, 10 февраля 2009 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #833-oz of February 5, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast. Effective as of the official publication date.).
• Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №420-оз от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области», в ред. Закона №1542-ОЗ от 5 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Псковской области "Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №41–43, №44–46, №49–51, 4 марта 2005 г., 5 марта 2005 г., 11 марта 2005 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #420-oz of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast, as amended by the Law #1542-OZ of June 5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Pskov Oblast "On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).