Stanisław Leśniewski

Stanisław Leśniewski (March 30, 1886 – May 13, 1939) was a Polish mathematician, philosopher and logician.

Stanisław Leśniewski
Born(1886-03-30)March 30, 1886
Serpukhov, Russian Empire
DiedMay 13, 1939(1939-05-13) (aged 53)
Warsaw, Poland
NationalityPolish
Alma materLviv University
Known forCalculus of names
Mereology
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
InstitutionsUniversity of Warsaw
Doctoral advisorKazimierz Twardowski
Doctoral studentsAlfred Tarski
InfluencedDenis Miéville
Polish Cipher Bureau
Biuro Szyfrów
Methods and technology
Locations
Personnel
Deputy Chief
Chief of Radio Intelligence
Chief of German Section
Maksymilian Ciężki
Chief of Russian Section
Jan Graliński
Russian Section cryptologist
Piotr Smoleński

Life

He was born on 28 March 1886 at Serphukhov, near Moscow, to father Izydor, an engineer working on the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, and mother Helena (née Palczewska).[1] Leśniewski went to a high school in Irkutsk. Later he attended lectures by Hans Cornelius at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich[2] and lectures by Wacław Sierpiński at the Lviv University.[3]

Leśniewski belonged to the first generation of the Lwów–Warsaw School of logic founded by Kazimierz Twardowski. Together with Alfred Tarski and Jan Łukasiewicz, he formed the troika, which made the University of Warsaw, during the interbellum, perhaps the most important research center in the world for formal logic.[4]

His main contribution was the construction of three nested formal systems, to which he gave the Greek-derived names of protothetic, ontology, and mereology.[5] ("Calculus of names" is sometimes used instead of ontology, a term widely employed in metaphysics in a very different sense.) A good textbook presentation of these systems is that by Simons (1987), who compares and contrasts them with the variants of mereology, more popular nowadays, descending from the calculus of individuals of Leonard and Goodman. Simons clarifies something that is very difficult to determine by reading Leśniewski and his students, namely that Polish mereology is a first-order theory isomorphic to what is now called classical extensional mereology.

While he did publish a fair body of work (Leśniewski, 1992, is his collected works in English translation), some of it in German, the leading language for mathematics of his day, his writings had limited impact because of their enigmatic style and highly idiosyncratic notation. Leśniewski was also a radical nominalist: he rejected axiomatic set theory at a time when that theory was in full flower. He pointed to Russell's paradox and the like in support of his rejection, and devised his three formal systems as a concrete alternative to set theory. Even though Alfred Tarski was his sole doctoral pupil, Leśniewski nevertheless strongly influenced an entire generation of Polish logicians and mathematicians via his teaching at the University of Warsaw. It is mainly thanks to the writings of his students (e.g., Srzednicki and Rickey 1984) that Leśniewski's thought is known.[6]

During the Polish–Soviet War of 1919-21, Leśniewski served the cause of Poland's independence by breaking Soviet Russian ciphers for the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau.[7]

Leśniewski died suddenly of cancer, shortly before the German invasion of Poland, which resulted in the destruction of his Nachlass. He was buried at the Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw.[8]

Works
  • 1988. Lecture Notes in Logic. Kluwer. Table of Contents.
  • 1992. Collected Works. 2 vols. Kluwer. Table of Contents.
  • 1929, "Über Funktionen, deren Felder Gruppen mit Rücksicht auf diese Funktionen sind", Fundamenta Mathematicae 13: 319-32.
  • 1929, "Grundzüge eines neuen Systems der Grundlagen der Mathematik", Fundamenta Mathematicae 14: 1-81.
  • 1929, "Über Funktionen, deren Felder Abelsche Gruppen in bezug auf diese Funktionen sind", Fundamenta Mathematicae 14: 242-51.
gollark: I think the weights got messed up.
gollark: It dispenses scrapboxes, which is meant to produce random items, but I only get... wooden hoes.
gollark: The Wooden Hoe Generator!
gollark: In extreme hills.
gollark: Stone brick/cobble monster eggs.

See also

References
  1. "Stanisław Leśniewski". Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  2. "Stanisław Leśniewski - logik radykalny". Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  3. "Stanisław Leśniewski". Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  4. "Naissance du mathématicien Polonais Stanisław Leśniewski 30 mars 1886". Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  5. "Stanislaw Lesniewski". Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  6. "Systemy dedukcyjne Leśniewskiego - podstawy filozofii i matematyki" (PDF). Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  7. "Wojna wywiadów". Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  8. "Warszawskie Zabytkowe Pomniki Nagrobne". Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  • Ivor Grattan-Guinness, 2000. In Search of Mathematical Roots. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Luschei, Eugene, 1962. The Logical Systems of Lesniewski. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  • Miéville, Denis, 1984. "Un Développement des Systèmes Logiques de Stanislas Lesniewski", Peter Lang, European University Studies.
  • Simons, Peter, 1987. Parts: A Study in Ontology. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Srzednicki, J. T. J., and Rickey, V. F., (eds.), 1984. Lesniewski's Systems: Ontology and Mereology. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  • Surma, Stanislaw J. (editor) (1977/8) "On Leśniewski's Systems, Proceedings of XXII Conference on History of Logic", Studia Logica 36(4): 247–426 MR0476370
  • Urbaniak, Rafal, 2013. Leśniewski's Systems of Logic and Foundations of Mathematics, Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Wolenski, Jan, 1989. Logic and Philosophy in the Lwow-Warsaw School. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.