St Mary le Strand

St Mary le Strand is a Church of England church at the eastern end of the Strand in the City of Westminster, London. It lies within the Deanery of Westminster (St Margaret) within the Diocese of London. The church stands on what is now a traffic island to the north of Somerset House, King's College London's Strand campus, and south of Bush House (now also part of King's College London). It is the official church of the Women's Royal Naval Service, and has a book of remembrance for members who have died in service. The nearest tube station is Temple, with the now-closed Aldwych station nearly opposite the church. It is known as one of the two 'Island Churches', the other being St Clement Danes.

For the civil parish abolished in 1922, see St Mary le Strand (parish).
St Mary le Strand
St Mary le Strand seen from the west
LocationStrand, City of Westminster, London
CountryUnited Kingdom
DenominationChurch of England
Previous denominationRoman Catholic
ChurchmanshipLiberal Catholic
History
Dedicated1724
Architecture
Heritage designationGrade I
Architect(s)James Gibbs
Years built1714–1724
Administration
ArchdeaconryArchdeaconry of London
(previously Charing Cross)
DioceseDiocese of London
Clergy
Vicar(s)Philip Chester
Curate(s)James Johnston
Laity
Churchwarden(s)Margery Roberts

History

The church is the second to have been called St Mary le Strand, the first having been situated a short distance to the south. The date of its foundation is unclear but it was mentioned in a judgment of 1222, when it was called the Church of the Innocents, or St Mary and the Innocents.[1] It was pulled down in 1549 by Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset to make way for Somerset House. The parishioners were promised a new church, which was never built, forcing them to move to the nearby church of St Clement Danes and afterwards to the Savoy Chapel.[2] The site now occupied by the modern church was formerly occupied by a great maypole which had been the scene of May Day festivities in the 16th and 17th century but was severely decayed by the early 18th century.

The new St Mary le Strand was the first of the twelve[3] new churches built in London under the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches, at a cost of some £16,000. Construction began in February 1714 under the architect James Gibbs, being his first major project following his return from Italy. The steeple was completed in September 1717, but the church was not consecrated for use until 1 January 1724, by Edmund Gibson, Bishop of London,[4] when the Rev. John Heylyn became first rector of the rebuilt church. Bonnie Prince Charlie is alleged to have renounced his Roman Catholic faith in the church to become an Anglican during a secret visit to London in 1750.[5] John Dickens and Elizabeth Barrow, the parents of Charles Dickens, were married here in 1809.[6]

A 19th-century print showing St Mary le Strand and the Strand front of Somerset House.

The church narrowly escaped destruction twice during the 20th century. At the start of the 20th century the London County Council proposed to demolish the church to widen the Strand; a campaign involving the artist Walter Crane succeeded in averting this, although the graveyard was obliterated and the graves moved to Brookwood Cemetery. The London Blitz of the Second World War caused much damage to the surrounding area but again the church avoided destruction, though it did suffer damage from a nearby bomb explosion.

Architecture

The architecture of St. Mary le Strand proved controversial from the outset and the architect later expressed unhappiness at the way that his plans had been altered by the Commissioners. According to Gibbs, the church was originally intended to be an Italianate structure with a small campanile over the west end and no steeple. Instead of the latter, a column 250 feet (76 m) high surmounted with a statue of Queen Anne was to have been erected a short distance to the west of the church. A great quantity of stone was purchased and brought to the spot, but the plan was abandoned on the death of the queen in 1714. Instead, the architect was ordered to reuse the stone to build a steeple, which fundamentally altered the plan of the church. Gibbs explained:

St Mary le Strand Interior

The building being then advanced twenty feet above ground, and therefore admitting of no alteration from east to west, which was only fourteen feet, I was obliged to spread it from south to north, which makes the plan oblong, which should otherwise have been square.[7]

The extravagant Baroque ornamentation of the exterior was criticised at the time, and matters were not helped when one of the decorative urns surmounting the exterior of the church fell off and killed a passer-by during a procession in 1802.[7] The prominent situation of the church has also been problematic; even in the 18th century, parishioners complained of the traffic noise.

Even so, the church — Gibbs' first public building — won him considerable fame. The interior of the structure is richly decorated with a plastered ceiling in white and gold, with a ceiling inspired by Luigi Fontana's work in the church of Santi Apostoli and Pietro da Cortona's Santi Luca e Martina, both in Rome. The porch was inspired by Cortona's Santa Maria della Pace. The walls were influenced by Michelangelo and the steeple shows the influence of Sir Christopher Wren.[6]

Rectors of St Mary le Strand
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
  • 1724–1759† John Heylyn[8]
  • 1759–1761 Charles Tarrant (later Dean of Carlisle then Peterborough)
  • 1761–1777 Charles Bertie[9]
  • 1777–1780† John William Hopkins
  • 1781–1812† James Robinson Hayward
  • 1813–1839† James Edward Gambier[10]
  • 1839–1861† Joshua Frederick Denham[11]
  • 1861–1878† Alfred Bowen Evans
  • 1878–1891 Lewen Tugwell
  • 1891–1944† Frederick Harcourt Hillersdon (Mayor of Westminster 1909)
  • fl. 1984[12] Edward Thompson
  • fl. 2005[13] William Gulliford
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See also
  • List of churches and cathedrals of London

References
  1. G. Long, The penny cyclopædia, p. 243. Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge, 1843
  2. B. Weed, London Parishes: Containing the Situation, Antiquity, and Re-building of the Churches Within the Bills of Mortality, 1824
  3. M.H. Port (editor) (1986). "List of churches built". The Commissions for building fifty new churches: The minute books, 1711-27, a calendar. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 23 October 2018.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  4. "The Chronological Diary For the Year 1724". The Historical Register. Vol. 9. 1724. p. 4. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  5. Rob Humphreys, Judith Bamber, The Rough Guide to London, p. 169. Rough Guides, 2003
  6. "St Mary le Strand". Christopher Hibbert & Ben Weinreb, The London Encyclopedia, p. 763. Macmillan, 1995. ISBN 0-333-57688-8
  7. Brayley, Edward Wedlake Brayley (1828). Londiniana: Or, Reminiscences of the British Metropolis. Hurst, Chance, and Co. p. 257.
  8. "Heylin, John (HLN705J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  9. Foster, Joseph. "Bertie, Charles (2)" . Alumni Oxonienses  – via Wikisource.
  10. "Gambier, James Edward (GMR779JE)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  11. "Denham, Joshua Frederick (DNN822JF)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  12. Long, Christopher (November 1984). "Around & About". London Portrait Magazine. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  13. "Christmas Special: Why is Christmas on the 25th December?" (PDF). BBC World Service. 30 December 2005. Retrieved 25 July 2020.

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