St. Catherine's Hill, Hampshire

St. Catherine's Hill is a 43-hectare (110-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest on the outskirts of Winchester in Hampshire.[1][2] It is managed by Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust,[3] and most of it is an Iron Age hillfort, which is a Scheduled Monument.[4]

St. Catherine's Hill

Site of Special Scientific Interest
Area of Search	Hampshire
Grid reference	SU 485 274[1]
Interest	Biological
Area	43.0 hectares (106 acres)[1]
Notification	1986[1]
Location map	Magic Map

History

The top of the hill is ringed by the ramparts of an Iron Age hill fort. In the centre a copse of beech trees contains the site of the 12th-century chapel of St. Catherine. There is also a mizmaze, probably cut between 1647 and 1710.[5]

The hill was cut off from the Itchen water meadows for over a hundred years by the construction of the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway in the 1890s and the Winchester By-pass (A33) in the 1930s. The railway closed in the 1960s and the road was removed following construction of the M3 motorway to the east through Twyford Down in the 1990s. Whilst this reunited the hill with its historic setting to the west, it is now largely cut off from the hills to the east. The routing of the original by-pass to the east of Winchester had been controversial[6] and its replacement by the M3 led to a large-scale protest (see main article Twyford Down protest).

The hill was where the game of Winchester College football was played after being moved from Kingsgate Street and before moving to its modern form on canvases around the school. In 1922, money raised by The Old Wykehamist Lodge of Freemasons hosting the Public Schools Lodge's Council Festival was used to buy the hill and donate it to the College.[7]

Geology

Looking SW from the top of St. Catherine's Hill

View of the hill from the water meadows

Structurally, St. Catherine's Hill is part of the Winchester anticline. This is an upfold in the chalk at the western end of the South Downs. In the Winchester area the core of the anticline has eroded to expose older rocks in Chilcomb, Bar End and Winchester itself, leaving a near complete ring of inward-facing chalk scarp slopes including Magdalen (Morn) Hill to the north, Chilcomb Down and Telegraph Hill to the east, Deacon Hill, Twyford Down and St. Catherine's to the south and Oliver's Battery to the west. Whilst the highest part of the main ring of hills (which reaches up to 167 metres (548 ft) at Cheesefoot Head) is of the 'Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation', St. Catherine's is of the slightly older 'New Pit Chalk Formation'. Both date from the Turonian stage of the Upper Cretaceous. St. Catherine's Hill is separated from the higher Twyford Down by the dramatic dry valley known as Plague Pits Valley to the east and south, and truncated by the valley of the River Itchen to the west.[8][9]

References

1. "Designated Sites View: St. Catherine's Hill". Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
2. "Map of St. Catherine's Hill". Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
3. "St Catherine's Hill". Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
4. Historic England. "St Catherine's Hill hillfort (1016489)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
5. Hampshire Treasures Vol. 4 P.83, Hampshire County Council
6. uncredited (25 September 1929). "A by-pass road at Winchester: Opposition to proposed route". news. The Times (45317). London. col C, p. 9.
7. History of the new Museum at Winchester College Archived 2013-04-21 at Archive.today
8. Booth K.A., 2002, Geology of the Winchester district, British Geological Survey, ISBN 0-85272-429-2 (booklet to accompany BGS 1:50,000 map sheet 299)
9. Winchester, British Geological Survey 1:50,000 Map Series, Sheet 299, NERC, 2002, ISBN 0-7518-3340-1