Spring Branch, Houston

Spring Branch is a district in west-northwest Harris County, Texas, United States, roughly bordered by Tanner Road and Hempstead Road to the north, Beltway 8 to the west, Interstate 10 to the south, and the 610 Loop to the east; it is almost entirely within the City of Houston.[4] Established by the Texas Legislature, the Spring Branch Management District exercises jurisdiction over the area.

Spring Branch East/West
Houston, Texas, neighborhood
Coordinates: 29.81611°N 95.517719°W / 29.81611; -95.517719
Elevation26 m (85 ft)
Population
 • Total134,225
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP codes[3]
77080, 77041, 77043, 77055
Websitesbmd.org

Several minor bayous run through the community, including Brickhouse Gully, Spring Branch (the neighborhood namesake), and Briar Branch, which drain into Buffalo Bayou in central Houston. Spring Lake is a large pond near the center of the neighborhood.

Spring Branch includes significant immigrant Korean American and Hispanic American communities,[5] and was established in the 1800s as a rural German American community. As of 2020 Spring Branch East/West population has grown by 7,298 residents and over 400 new construction homes built.

History
The historic St. Peter's United Church
Historical marker at St. Peter's United Church including the names of the German families who both settled the area and are interred in the Church's cemetery.
The 1,400 square feet (130 m2) plot pictured here has the graves of nineteen members of the Hillendahl family, including one who was interred in 1854. A descendant of the family sold all of the land around the grave site, but refused to move the actual graves.[5]

Spring Branch began as a religious German farmer settlement; many of the farmers owned dairies. Karl Kolbe, who arrived in Texas from Germany in 1830, was Spring Branch's earliest settler.[6][7] The Germans opened sawmills to cut area timber.[8] In 1848, St. Peter's United (Lutheran) Church opened on a site donated from the Bauer family; the lumber used in the construction originated from one of the local sawmills. The Spring Branch School Society, sponsored by the church in 1856, eventually became the Spring Branch Independent School District.[6]

Yellow fever outbreaks in 1859 and 1867 killed many residents.[9]

The early settlers all had roads named after their families – Gessner, Conrad Sauer, Witte, Wirt, Blalock, Campbell, Hillendahl, Bauer, Fries, and Neuens.

After World War II James E. Lyon served as a developer in Spring Branch.[10]

The eastern part of Spring Branch was annexed by the City of Houston in the 1940s while the western part was annexed in the 1950s.[11] In the mid-1950s, efforts to create a Spring Branch municipality failed. Following this, the Memorial villages, a group of six independent municipalities, formed.[6] Houston annexed the rest of the Spring Branch area.[5] In the mid-to-late 20th century, Spring Branch had a rural suburban character with dirt roads and horses in the area. Spring Branch Elementary School, one of several area elementary schools, was an all-White elementary school.[12]

Apartment complexes opened in the Spring Branch area around the 1970s.[13] In 1982, the City of Houston Housing Authority proposed a $3.8 million U.S. dollar public housing unit at Emnora Lane. The city encountered strong opposition from civic clubs, city council members, and state representatives, so the city housing officials canceled the project. The sign used by the city to indicate the proposed site repeatedly received spray paint graffiti stating "no niggers."[14]

By the 1980s, Houston's economy had collapsed and occupancy rates declined. Many apartment complexes faced foreclosure, bankruptcy, and changes in ownership. Bill Zermeno, a city electrical inspector, said in a 1988 Houston Chronicle article that many of the apartments with some of the strongest violations against maintenance-related city laws were in Spring Branch. Kim Cobb, the author of the 1988 Houston Chronicle article, said that many of the poorly maintained complexes were located next to well-maintained single family subdivisions.[13]

From the 1980 U.S. Census to the 1990 Census, many Hispanics settled in parts of Spring Branch; in pockets of Spring Branch almost all of the immigration was from Central American countries. The Hispanic population increased by an amount between 1,000 and 3,500 per square mile.[15] In 1997 S.D. Kim, the Houston bureau chief of The Korea Times, said that Koreatown, the Korean community in Spring Branch, grew because of inexpensive housing and the zoning to the Spring Branch Independent School District.[16] In 1998 and again in 2001, a proposal to place Korean language street signs in Koreatown lead to political controversy; the reaction against the proposal lead to the withdrawal of the proposal.[17][18] By 2006, Spring Branch Elementary School was mostly Hispanic, reflecting demographic changes in the Spring Branch area.[12] By 2007 several older houses were torn down and replaced with newer houses; new homeowners came to Spring Branch to buy larger lots, to buy in an area cheaper than neighborhoods bordering Downtown Houston. New residents came due to the proximity to Downtown, Uptown, and the Energy Corridor.[19]

In May 2011 the Spring Branch Central Super Neighborhood campaigned against having federal funds used to improve older apartment complexes in the area.[20]

In 2013 Houstonia magazine stated that Spring Branch, including the adjacent cities of Hillshire Village and Spring Valley Village, was one of the "25 Hottest Neighborhoods" of Houston.[21]

On May 5, 2016, a four alarm fire occurred on May 5, 2016 in Spring Branch, Texas[22][23]

Cityscape
The intersection of Blalock and Westview, with Spring Branch street signs

Spring Branch is generally bounded by Beltway 8 on the western end, the 610 Loop on the eastern end, Interstate 10 on the southern end, and U.S. Highway 290 and Clay Road to the north.[24]

The district has access to Interstate 10, the 610 Loop, Beltway 8, and the Hempstead Highway. The district is in proximity to Downtown Houston, the Energy Corridor, the Memorial City District (including Memorial City Mall and the Memorial Hermann Hospital Memorial City), the Texas Medical Center, Uptown Houston (including The Galleria), and Westchase.[25]

Terrence McCoy of the Houston Press said in 2012 that in Spring Branch "[a]venues lined with orderly yards and American flags buttress shopping centers where Spanish dominates."[26]

As of 2012 there are different varieties of housing in Spring Branch. Spring Branch West includes many 1960s ranch-style houses. The central portion of Spring Branch has houses which are worth about $500,000 as of 2012. The eastern portion of Spring Branch, which is blue collar, has many bungalow houses with wood siding. Houstonia wrote that "Up until [the 2000s] or so, much of Spring Branch had a rural feel. It wasn’t uncommon to see pastures full of horses, relics of its past life as farmland tilled by generations of German immigrants".[21]

In 1983 there were a travel agent, an optical shop, multiple restaurants, a newsstand, a bookstore, a pharmacy, and a furniture store in Spring Branch catering to Koreans.[27]

Economy

John Nova Lomax of the Houston Press said that Spring Branch has many "old-school ethnic eateries" and described Long Point Road, Spring Branch's main road, as "thrift store nirvana". The journalist added that Long Point has few chain businesses and stores.[5] The Koreatown portion has various Korean restaurants.[28]

La Michoacana Meat Market has its headquarters in Spring Branch and in Houston.[29] BJ Services Company has its headquarters in the Spring Branch district and in unincorporated Harris County.[4][30]Tesco Corporation has its headquarters in the Spring Branch district and in Houston.[4][31] Cameron International Corporation's Drilling and Production Systems center is in the Westway Business Park in Spring Branch and in an unincorporated area.[32][33]

Previously, Igloo Corporation had a manufacturing facility in Spring Branch.[4][34] The Spring Branch location also housed the company headquarters.[35] In 2004, Igloo announced that it was consolidating to a location in unincorporated Waller County, Texas, near Katy.[34][36]

Before its dissolution, Weiner's had its headquarters in Spring Branch and in Houston.[4][37] At one time, AppleTree Markets had its headquarters in Spring Branch and in Houston.[4][38]

By 2008 a Super H Mart supermarket, a part of a Korean American chain, opened. Purva Patel of the Houston Chronicle wrote that this supermarket attracted development to the area.[39]

Diplomatic missions
Consulate-General of El Salvador in Houston

The Consulate-General of El Salvador in Houston resides at 1720 Hillendahl Boulevard in Spring Branch.[40]

Government and infrastructure

Local government
Houston Police Department Spring Branch Storefront at 8400 Long Point Road #A

The Spring Branch District within Houston is served by the Houston Police Department Northwest Patrol Division,[41] headquartered at 6000 Teague Road.[42] The Spring Branch Storefront Station is located at Suite A at 8400 Long Point Road.[42]

The Houston Fire Department serves areas within Houston and operates Fire Station #5 Old Spring Branch at 2020 Hollister Road, Fire Station #38 West Side at 1120 Silber Road, Fire Station #49 at 1212 Gessner Drive, and Fire Station #77 Spring Shadows at 10155 Kempwood Drive; the stations are in Fire District 5.[43] Some unincorporated areas in Spring Branch are served by the Houston Fire Department, while others are served by the Cy-Fair Volunteer Fire Department.[44] Station 38 was built in 1955.[45] Station 49 opened in a former Spring Branch Volunteer Fire Department facility at Campbell at Long Point in 1956. Station 49 moved to Gessner at Westview in 1961.[46] Station 5 moved from what is now Downtown Houston to Spring Branch in 1977.[47] Station 77 opened in 1990.[48] Station 38 was last renovated during the financial year of 1995.[45] Station 49 closed in April 2008 before undergoing a $753,821.40 renovation. The station reopened on February 9, 2009, and the re-opening ceremony occurred on March 16, 2009.[46] A renovation of Station 5 is scheduled for 2011.[47]

Fire Station 5, 1976

Houston City Council District A covers areas of Spring Branch in Houston.[49] As of 2014 Brenda Stardig represents the district.[50] In the 1990s a small portion of Spring Branch was in City Council District G.[51]

The city of Houston organized the areas in Spring Branch within Houston into the #8 Westbranch,[52] #10 Spring Branch West,[53] #84 Spring Shadows,[54] #85 Spring Branch Central,[55] and #86 Spring Branch East super neighborhoods.[56]

The Council for #10 Super Neighborhood opened on May 11, 2000.[53] The council for the #85 Super Neighborhood, which includes the Binglewood, Binglewood 5, Campbell Woods, Hollister Place, Holley Terrace, Kempwood North, Langwood II, Outpost Estates, Spring Branch Estates II, Spring Branch Oaks, Springwood/Timbercreek, and Western Oaks subdivisions, many of which still have deed restrictions, opened on August 24, 2000.[55] The council for the #84 Super Neighborhood, which mostly consists of deed-restricted, single family subdivisions such as Spring Shadows and also includes nine apartment complexes and one mobile home area, opened on March 14, 2005.[54] Subdivisions within Super Neighborhood #86 include Afton Village, Brykerwoods, Monarch Oaks, Ridgecrest, Hillendahl Acres, Long Point Oaks, Pine Terrace, and Westview Terrace.[56]

In 2011 the City of Houston opened a permanent electronics recycling center in Spring Branch.[57]

The Spring Branch Management District is headquartered at 9610 Long Point Drive.[58] The Spring Branch Management District's mission is to positively impact public safety, business development, environmental and urban design, and mobility and transportation to help create an environment attractive to business, to facilitate profitability, and to promote the redevelopment and growth of the area.[59] Ongoing programs spearheaded by the Spring Branch Management District include working with the Houston Police Department to promote its Blue Star Program to bring apartment complexes and multifamily residential units into compliance with current city codes, providing constable patrols to enhance security, removing graffiti on public and private property, maintaining various landscapes throughout the district, removing bandit signs, enforcing news rack ordinance, and pursuing health code violations.[60] The management district's boundaries are almost entirely within the City of Houston; a portion in the north is in an unincorporated area in Harris County.[4][61]

Local politics

As of 2012, according to Bob Stein, a Rice University political scientist, voters in Houston City Council District A tend to be older people, conservative, and White American, and many follow the Tea Party movement. The voting base is such despite the presence of large Hispanic neighborhoods within District A. In the 2011 election voters in Spring Branch, for City Council District A, favored Tea Party candidate Helena Brown over the incumbent, Brenda Stardig, because Stardig supported a "rain tax," passed in 2010, that lead to taxation of churches. However, Stardig later voted to exempt church- and non-profit-property-owners from the "rain tax". The taxation of churches had a negative reception with political conservatives in Spring Branch.[26] In the 1990s a small portion of Spring Branch was in City Council District G.[51] In 1989, during a city council race, many in Spring Branch voted for Jim Westmoreland for an at-large position. Westmoreland drew controversy after reports of a joke that was characterized as "racist" spread. Beverley Clark, the opponent and a Black teacher, defeated Westmoreland in that race.[62]

County representation
Spring Branch Community Center

Harris County Precinct Three, headed by Steve Radack as of 2008, serves portions of Spring Branch.[63] Harris County Precinct Four, headed by Jerry Eversole as of 2008, serves other portions of Spring Branch.[64] Harris County Constable Precinct 5 patrols much of Spring Branch.[65] The unincorporated area within the Spring Branch Management District is assigned to the Harris County Sheriff's Office District IV Patrol, headquartered at the Clay Road Substation at 16715 Clay Road.[66] The Harris County Department of Education maintains an office in the North Post Oak Building in Spring Branch.[67] The Harris County Toll Road Authority operates its West Area EZ Tag Store in Spring Branch.[68]

Harris County Precinct 3 operates the Spring Branch Community Center and Courthouse Annex and a tax office at 1721 Pech Road in Spring Branch.[69][70] Alma Corporation built the building now housing the Spring Branch Community Center in the late 1960s. In 1971 Alma sold the building to Sam Houston Memorial Hospital; in 1976 the hospital sold the building to Houghton and Neville West. Harris County bought the building in 1986, causing it to become a courthouse. Bob Eckels, then the Precinct 3 commissioner, established a community center in the ground floor's north half. Steve Radack became the commissioner of Precinct 3 and began renovating the building. After the census of 1990 the county rezoned the community center and the surrounding neighborhood into Precinct 4. During the 1990s changes to the center occurred. The county moved the center back into Precinct 3 after the 2000 Census.[71] In 2011 the Trini Mendenhall Sosa Community opened, taking in the previous community center.[72]

State and federal representation
James Griffith Station of the United States Postal Service

Parts of Spring Branch located in District 136 of the Texas House of Representatives which has been represented by Republican Tony Dale since 2012.[73][74] Parts of Spring Branch located in District 138 of the Texas House of Representatives, which has been represented by Republican Dwayne Bohac since 2002.[75] A portion of Spring Branch is within District 7 of the Texas Senate; as of 2008 Dan Patrick represents the district.[76] Parts of Spring Branch are within District 15 of the Texas Senate; as of 2008 John Whitmire represents the district.[77]

Spring Branch is primarily in Texas's 2nd congressional district, which has been represented by Republican Ted Poe since 2005.[78] Spring Branch is partially in Texas's 18th congressional district, which has been represented by Democrat Sheila Jackson Lee since 1995.[79] A portion of Spring Branch is also in Texas's 7th congressional district, which has been represented by Republican John Culberson since 2001.[80]

The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Spring Branch. The James Griffith Station and the Long Point Station are in the community.[81][82]

Demographics

Between the 1990 U.S. Census and the 2000 U.S. Census, as Spring Branch gained many Hispanic and Korean residents, many white residents left. Nestor Rodriguez, an immigration expert from the University of Houston, said that the white population of Spring Branch implied that many were leaving not because of racial differences but because the new residents were not middle class. Rodriguez said, "They don't say they're not middle-class, but they say, well, look at them, they're out on the street corners looking for work; we're not used to that. But those are characteristics of working-class or lower working-class people."[83]

In 2000, the City of Houston's Super Neighborhoods located all or in part within Spring Branch reported the following population statistics:

Super Neighborhood SN # Population Hispanic % White % Black % Asian % Native American % Native Hawaiian % other non-Hispanic % 2 or more races %
Westbranch[84] 8 4,321 1,532 35.45% 1,289 29.83% 235 5.44% 1,224 28.33% 0 0.00% 2 0.05% 0 0.00% 39 0.90%
Spring Branch West[85] 10 32,423 17,059 52.61% 11,353 35.02% 1,878 5.80% 1,627 5.02% 59 0.18% 11 0.03% 44 0.14% 392 1.21%
Spring Branch North[86] 84 18,402 6,403 34.80% 8,976 48.78% 1,151 6.25% 1,560 8.48% 27 0.15% 8 0.04% 42 0.23% 235 1.28%
Spring Branch Central[87] 85 29,074 18,844 64.81% 7,678 26.41% 1,190 4.09% 1,103 3.79% 44 0.15% 6 0.02% 23 0.08% 186 0.64%
Spring Branch East[88] 86 26,491 16,275 61.44% 7,872 29.72% 1,075 4.06% 945 3.57% 51 0.19% 5 0.02% 27 0.10% 240 0.91%

Health care
Spring Branch Medical Center

The Spring Branch Medical Center, located in Spring Branch, was the first hospital outside of the Texas Medical Center to perform open heart surgery.[89] As the owners of the Spring Branch Medical Center attempted to sell the facility to the Harris County Hospital District, the owners announced that the hospital would close by May 1, 2010.[90] Because the hospital was ending inpatient services, it announced that it was laying off 720 employees. As of March 2010 it employed 509 full-time employees and 211 part-time employees. The hospital plans to continue offering outpatient programs such as emergency care services, imaging services, and radiation oncology.[89]

Houston-based McVey & Co. Investments LLC purchased Spring Branch Medical Center, at 8850 Long Point Road, early 2011. Marty McVey, chairman of the hospital, is currently reopening the historic community hospital. However, the hospital fell into foreclosure in 2013 and was demolished in early 2015 to make way for a new residential/retail project.[91]

Texas Children's Pediatric Associates Spring Branch, a child health care center affiliated with Texas Children's Hospital, is located in Spring Branch.[92]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools
Northbrook High School

Spring Branch Independent School District serves most of the areas within the Spring Branch Management District, all of the Memorial area in Houston, and several small cities.[93]

Middle schools in Spring Branch ISD serving the Spring Branch area include Landrum Middle School, Northbrook Middle School, Spring Oaks Middle School, and Spring Woods Middle School. In addition Spring Forest Middle School in the Memorial community of Houston and Spring Branch Middle School in the City of Hedwig Village serve sections of Spring Branch.[4][94]

Spring Woods High School

Most SBISD areas in the Spring Branch District are within the separate attendance boundaries of Spring Woods High School and Northbrook High School in Spring Branch. The southern portions of west Spring Branch have students zoned to Stratford High School in the Memorial area of Houston. Some areas of Spring Branch along Westview and Interstate 10 have students zoned to Memorial High School in the City of Hedwig Village.[4][95]

Some areas within the district are within the Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District.[4] The area is divided between the attendance zones of Bane Elementary School in Houston, Kirk Elementary School in unincorporated Harris County, and Lee Elementary School in unincorporated Harris County.[96] The area is divided between the attendance zones of Dean Middle School in Houston and Truitt Middle School in unincorporated Harris County.[97] All residents of that area are zoned to Cypress Ridge High School in unincorporated Harris County.[98]

There is a small segment of land in the Spring Branch district that is within the Houston Independent School District.[93][99] The land in this segment is used for industrial, commercial, and transportation/utility reasons.[100]

Private schools

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston operates The Regis School of the Sacred Heart, a K-8 school for boys,[101] and St. Jerome School, a coeducational K-8 school, in Spring Branch.[102] For the high school levels, Saint John XXIII High School (formerly Pope John XXIII High School) in western Harris County, within Greater Katy, is in proximity to Spring Branch.[103]

Other private schools located in Spring Branch include The Awty International School,[104] Houston Christian High School,[105] Fair Haven Day Methodist School,[106] ILM Academy (Islamic Education Institute of Texas a.k.a. Darul Arqam) at Spring Branch Islamic Center,[107][108] St. Mark Lutheran School,[109] and The Monarch School. Originally the Monarch School had a campus in Spring Branch and a campus in Hilshire Village.[110][111][112] In Spring 2009 all programs of The Monarch School moved to a new campus on Kempwood Drive in Spring Branch.[110][113] The Parish School is located in a plot of land bordering the Spring Branch District.[4][114] The Parish School moved from its former campus, now the site of The Rainard School, to the new campus in 2005.[115][115][116] Western Academy, a 3-8 boys private school, is in Spring Branch.[117]

School of the Woods is a college prep Montessori School for early childhood through grade 12 in nearby Hilshire Village; some of the school property is in Houston.[118][119]

Community colleges

Houston Community College System (HCC) operates the Spring Branch Center, a part of the Northwest College, in Memorial City. The facility was known as the Town and Country Campus until 2009.[120] The college is inside the former Town and Country Mall.[121] In 1999 a former 112,000-square-foot (10,400 m2) AMC Theatres and KMart building in Town and Country was re-tenanted to HCC.[122] HCC signed its lease to occupy portions of the Town & Country Square Shopping Center in 1999. During that year the owners of the Town & Country Square Shopping Center filed a lawsuit against HCC for trying to stop a Barnes & Noble from opening in the shopping center premises.[123]

Public libraries
Elizabeth L. Ring Neighborhood Library

The Houston Public Library operates the Arnold L. Hillendahl Neighborhood Library at 2436 Gessner Road and the Elizabeth L. Ring Neighborhood Library at 8835 Long Point Road.[124][125][126] The Harris County Public Library (HCPL) system operates the Spring Branch Memorial Branch at 930 Corbindale Road in the City of Hedwig Village. The 10,500-square-foot (980 m2) branch opened in 1975.[127]

Parks and recreation
Agnes Moffit Park

The district includes parks operated by the city government and the county government.[128]

The Houston Parks and Recreation Department operates municipal parks within the Spring Branch Management District. Agnes Moffit Park, located at 10645 Hammerly Boulevard, has a swimming pool and a golf course.[129] The R.L. and Cora Johnson Park is located at 9791 Tanner Road.[130] The adjacent R. L. and Cora Johnson Community Center, located at 9801 Tanner Road, has a 0.25 mile hike and bicycle trail, a playground, an outdoor basketball pavilion, and lighted tennis courts.[131] The park was originally known as the Carverdale Park; it was renamed in January 2009 after some civic leaders.[132] Freed Park and Community Center is located at 7020 Shadyvilla Lane.[130] The park has an indoor gymnasium, a .35 mile hike and bicycle trail, a playground, a lighted sports field.[133] Schwartz Park is located at 8203 Vogue.[134]

Harris County Precinct 3 operates the county parks. The 13-acre (53,000 m2) Nob Hill Park, located at 10300 Timber Oak Drive, has a 0.59-mile (950 m) walking trail, a picnic, a playground, a gazebo, and a softball field.[135] The 1-acre (4,000 m2) Spring Branch Pocket Park, located at 1700 Campbell Road at Spring Branch Drive, has a 0.057-mile (92 m) trail, a playground, and a gazebo.[136][137] The 1-acre (4,000 m2) Housman Pocket Park, located at 6705 Housman Street, has a 0.12-mile (190 m) trail, a playground, and a gazebo.[138][139] The 1-acre (4,000 m2) Moritz Pech Family Park, located at 1493½ Moritz Drive, has two playgrounds and a 0.22-mile (350 m) granite jogging trail.[140][141] The 1-acre (4,000 m2) Creek Pocket Park, located at 1701 Creek Drive, has a 0.068-mile (0.109 km) trail.[142] The 0.21-acre (850 m2) Bracher Pocket Park, located at 1507½ Bracher Street, has a 0.057-mile (92 m) gravel trail, a playground, and a gazebo.[143][144] The 0.65-acre (2,600 m2) Bauer Pocket Park, located at 2201 Bauer Road, has a 0.1-mile (160 m) trail.[145] The 1-acre (4,000 m2) Gessner Pocket Park, located at 1610½ Gessner Drive, has a 0.025-mile (40 m) trail and a playground.[146][147]

Culture
See also: Culture of Houston
St. Andrew Kim Catholic Church (Korean: 휴스턴한인천주교회)

The Spring Branch Family Development Center, a 501(c)(3) organization, opened in 2001 to provide educational, recreational, health and social services to residents of Spring Branch.[148]

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston operates area Catholic churches. St. Andrew Kim Catholic Church (Korean: 휴스턴한인천주교회), named after Andrew Kim Taegon, is in Spring Branch. It serves ethnic Koreans and Korean speakers in the archdiocese.[149] The area has a Polish American house of worship, Our Lady of Czestochowa Roman Catholic Parish, established in the 1980s. At the time Polish immigrants who resisted Communist rule in that country arrived in Houston.[150] Other Spring Branch Catholic churches include Our Lady of Walsingham Church,[151] St. Catherine of Siena Church,[152] and St. Jerome Church.[153]

The Islamic Society of Greater Houston (ISGH) operates an area house of worship for Muslims, the Spring Branch Islamic Center.[108] It houses the Islamic primary school ILM Academy.[107]

Notable residents
gollark: Ageist.
gollark: You'll be able to run your own and have it peer with other skynet installations.
gollark: On my longterm TODO list is distributed skynet, so it won't rely on one server.
gollark: Praise Skynet!
gollark: I mean, 500KST/website, critically.

See also

Central American communities:

Korean communities:

References
  1. "Elevation of 29.81611, -95.517719". VeloRoutes. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  2. "Spring Branch, Houston, TX Demographics". AreaVibes. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  3. "Spring Branch District Maps: Zip Codes (PDF)" (PDF). sbmd.org. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  4. "Spring Branch District Maps: District Map (PDF)" (PDF). sbmd.org. October 2012. Archived from the original on March 26, 2016. Retrieved March 26, 2016.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) ()
  5. Lomax, John Nova. "The Seoul of Houston: The Weather Was Not the Strong Point on Long Point." Houston Press. January 30, 2008.
  6. Kleiner, Diana J. (June 15, 2010). "Spring Branch, TX (Harris County)". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  7. "Super Neighborhood 85 - Spring Branch Central". City of Houston. Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  8. Kleiner, Diana J. (June 15, 2010). "Hunter's Creek Village, TX". Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  9. Gray, Lisa (2019-04-17). "St. Peter reborn: A gay black preacher and his diverse congregation merge with one of Houston's oldest white churches". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
  10. Staff (May 2, 1993). "Rites set for developer, banker James E. Lyon". Houston Chronicle. p. A27. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2012. - Available from the Houston Public Library website, newspapers sectiom. Accessible with an HPL library card and its PIN.
  11. "Annexations in Houston Or How we grew to 667 square miles in 175 years." City of Houston Planning and Development Department. p. 27 and 32 of 62. Retrieved on February 21, 2017.
  12. Garza, Cynthia Leonor. "Views are as diverse as city / Day-to-day life shapes residents' stances on illegal immigration." Houston Chronicle. April 16, 2006. B1 MetFront.
  13. Cobb, Kim. "Drugs, neglect transform 'single scene' to slums." Houston Chronicle. July 17, 1988. Section 3, Page 1.
  14. Rodriguez, Lori. "$5.7 million to go toward public housing." Houston Chronicle. January 24, 1989. A1.
  15. Rodriguez, Lori. "Census tracks rapid growth of suburbia." Houston Chronicle. March 10, 1991. Section A, Page 1.
  16. Nichols, Bruce. "TAKING OFF Houston's Asian communities growing rapidly." The Dallas Morning News. June 29, 1997.
  17. "Korean street sign flap revisited." Associated Press. July 22, 2001.
  18. Lartigue, Casey. "Signs of Insecurity." Cato Institute. June 19, 1999.
  19. Jackson, Kim. "Spring Branch enjoys growth / New, larger homes replace decades-old structures." Houston Chronicle. July 26, 2007. ThisWeek 10. Retrieved on March 28, 2009.
  20. Fehling, Dave. "Spring Branch-area homeowners fight federal help for old apartments Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine." KHOU. May 23, 2011. Retrieved on May 28, 2011.
  21. Holley, Peter, John Lomax, and Todd Spoth. "25 Hottest Neighborhoods" (Archive). Houstonia. June 1, 2013. Retrieved on November 2, 2015.
  22. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/four-alarm-fire-burns-at-business-in-west-houston/ar-BBsGaHn?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=mailsignout
  23. https://abcnews.go.com/US/alarm-fire-ravages-west-houston-warehouse-complex/story?id=38901447
  24. Meeks, Flori. "Community - Fight failed to make Spring Branch a city - Proposal to incorporate followed by establishment of Memorial Villages." Houston Chronicle, September 20, 2012. ThisWeek p. 1. Available on Newsbank, Record Number 14919922. Available at the Houston Public Library with a library card. "In 1957, the city of Houston annexed the remaining areas now known as Spring Branch. The community's boundaries today are roughly Clay Road and U.S. 290 to the north, Beltway 8 to the west, Interstate 10 to the south and the 610 Loop to the east."
  25. "About the District Archived 2010-04-18 at the Wayback Machine." Spring Branch Management District. Retrieved on May 14, 2010.
  26. McCoy, Terrence. "Who's Behind Helena Brown?" Houston Press. July 4, 2012. 2. Retrieved on July 25, 2012.
  27. Cook, Allison. "The Grand Tour." Texas Monthly. Emmis Communications, January 1983. Vol. 11, No. 1. ISSN 0148-7736. START: p. 98. CITED: p. 144.
  28. Pham, Mai. "A Mini Food Tour Through Korea Town." Houston Press. December 3, 2011. Retrieved on February 10, 2016.
  29. "Updated February 18, 2010.." La Michoacana Meat Market. Retrieved on August 18, 2011. "Office" "8845 Long Point Rd., Suite B" "Houston" "77005"
  30. "Global Locations." BJ Services Company. July 3, 2007. Retrieved on December 8, 2009.
  31. "Contact Us Archived 2010-11-28 at the Wayback Machine." Tesco Corporation. Retrieved on January 23, 2010.
  32. "Cameron Locator Archived 2010-04-27 at the Wayback Machine." Cameron International Corporation. Retrieved on April 28, 2010.
  33. "Cameron Headquarters Building." Hines Interests Limited Partnership. Retrieved on June 2, 2010.
  34. "Igloo consolidating operations in Katy facility." Houston Business Journal. October 18, 2004. Retrieved on March 2, 2011. "1001 W. Sam Houston Parkway North" for the old Houston facility
  35. Herman, Erik L. The Houston Job Bank. Adams Media Corporation, 2003. "IGLOO PRODUCTS CORPORATION 1001 West Sam Houston Parkway North, Houston TX 77013." Retrieved on March 3, 2011. ISBN 1-58062-931-8, ISBN 978-1-58062-931-7.
  36. "Igloo Worldwide Headquarters Archived 2010-04-21 at the Wayback Machine." Igloo Corporation. Accessed September 5, 2008. "Igloo Products Corp. 777 Igloo Road Katy, Texas 77494"
  37. "Home Page." Weiner's. October 5, 2000. Retrieved on February 25, 2010.
  38. "Directors and Executives." Standard & Poor's Register of Corporations, Directors and Executives, Volume 2. Standard & Poor's, 1995. 637. Retrieved from Google Books on July 1, 2010. "Appletree Markets, Inc., 4301 Windfern, Houston, TX 77041."
  39. Patel, Purva (2008-09-05). "Grocer lures development to Houston's Korea Town". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-10-17.
  40. "El Salvador." Texas Secretary of State. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  41. "Crime Statistics for Northwest Patrol Division." City of Houston
  42. "VOLUNTEER INITIATIVES PROGRAM - Citizens Offering Police Support." City of Houston.
  43. "Fire Stations." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  44. "Jurisdiction Lookup." Harris County. Retrieved on April 21, 2009.
  45. "Fire Station 38 Archived 2010-05-27 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on May 8, 2010.
  46. "Fire Station 49 Archived 2010-05-27 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on May 8, 2010.
  47. "Fire Station 5 Archived 2010-05-29 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on May 8, 2010.
  48. "Fire Station 77 Archived 2010-05-27 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on May 8, 2010.
  49. City of Houston, Council District Maps, District A Archived 2012-01-31 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on November 5, 2011.
  50. Baird, Amanda (January 21, 2014). "Stardig back in office with to-do list". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  51. "map3.gif." City of Houston. February 11, 1997. Retrieved on November 7, 2011.
  52. "Super Neighborhood #8 - Westbranch Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
  53. "Super Neighborhood # 10 - Spring Branch West Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  54. "Super Neighborhood # 84 - Spring Shadows Archived 2008-05-11 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  55. "Super Neighborhood # 85 - Spring Branch Central Archived 2008-05-09 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  56. "Super Neighborhood # 86 - Spring Branch East Archived 2008-06-05 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  57. Balke, Jeff. "City Opens Permanent Electronics Recycling Center in Spring Branch." Houston Press. September 28, 2011. Retrieved on July 25, 2012.
  58. "Contact Us Archived 2009-07-06 at the Wayback Machine." Spring Branch Management District. Retrieved on April 3, 2009.
  59. "Spring Branch Management District - Service Plan Archived 2009-11-14 at the Wayback Machine." Spring Branch Management District. Retrieved on February 18, 2010.
  60. "Spring Branch Management District - Current Programs Archived 2009-11-14 at the Wayback Machine." Spring Branch Management District. Retrieved on February 18, 2010.
  61. Locate a Community Technology Center (CTC) in your Super Neighborhood ! Archived March 31, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. City of Houston. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
  62. Bernstein, Alan. "Core of white support failed to halt Westmoreland's defeat." Houston Chronicle. November 12, 1989. A1.
  63. "Precinct Maps: Precinct 3 Archived February 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine." Harris County. Retrieved on October 13, 2008.
  64. "Parks Map Archived 2008-07-23 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County Precinct 4. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  65. "Precinct 5 Boundary Map." Harris County. Accessed October 14, 2008.
  66. "District IV Patrol Archived 2009-03-13 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County Sheriff's Office. Retrieved on April 21, 2009.
  67. "Contact Us." Harris County Department of Education. Retrieved on May 30, 2009.
  68. "EZ TAG Stores Archived 2010-12-26 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County Toll Road Authority. Retrieved on May 16, 2010.
  69. "Branch Office Locations Archived April 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine." Harris County Tax Office. Accessed October 13, 2008.
  70. "Spring Branch Community Center Archived 2008-09-29 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County. Accessed October 14, 2008.
  71. "Spring Branch: History Archived 2011-06-26 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County. Accessed October 14, 2008.
  72. "County opens new community center in Spring Branch Archived 2012-09-09 at Archive.today." Houston Banner. April 11, 2011. Retrieved on June 13, 2011.
  73. "Texas House of Representatives: Representative Dale, Tony". Texas House of Representatives. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  74. "State Representative Tony Dale". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  75. "State Representative Dwayne Bohac". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  76. "Senate District 7" Map. Senate of Texas. Retrieved on November 27, 2008.
  77. "Senate District 15 Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine" Map. Senate of Texas. Retrieved on September 28, 2008.
  78. "Ted Poe, U.S. Representative for Texas's 2nd Congressional District". GovTrack. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  79. "Shiela Jackson Lee, U.S. Representative for Texas's 18th Congressional District". GovTrack.
  80. "John Culberson, U.S. Representative for Texas's 7th Congressional District". GovTrack. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  81. "Post Office Location - JAMES GRIFFITH." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 11, 2009.
  82. "Post Office Location - LONG POINT." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 11, 2009.
  83. Rodriguez, Lori. "THE CENSUS / Census study: White flight soars / UH analysis spots segregation trend." Houston Chronicle. April 15, 2001. A1. Retrieved on December 30, 2011.
  84. "Census 2000: Demographic Data by Super Neighborhood Westbranch #8 Archived 2008-05-15 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
  85. "Census 2000: Demographic Data by Super Neighborhood Spring Branch West #10 Archived 2008-05-15 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  86. " Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on February 2, 2014.
  87. "Census 2000: Demographic Data by Super Neighborhood Spring Branch Center #85 Archived 2008-05-15 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  88. "Census 2000: Demographic Data by Super Neighborhood Spring Branch East #86 Archived 2008-06-05 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  89. Wollam, Allison. "Spring Branch med center lays off 720." Houston Business Journal. March 22, 2010. Retrieved on March 25, 2010.
  90. Ackerman, Todd (March 16, 2010). "Spring Branch Medical Center to close". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 16, 2010.
  91. "Spring Branch Medical Center demolished". ABC 13. January 29, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  92. "TCPA – Spring Branch." Texas Children's Pediatric Associates. Retrieved on December 12, 2008.
  93. "Spring Branch Schools" (Archive). Spring Branch Management District. Retrieved on May 18, 2014.
  94. "Middle School Boundaries Archived October 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine." Spring Branch Independent School District. Retrieved on January 13, 2009.
  95. "High School Boundaries Archived October 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine." Spring Branch Independent School District. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  96. "Map of Elementary Schools 2009–2010." Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
  97. "Map of Middle Schools 2009–2010." Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
  98. "Cypress Ridge Boundary Map Archived 2010-06-21 at the Wayback Machine." Cypress-Fairbanks Independent School District. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
  99. "Waltrip High School Attendance Zone Archived 2012-02-25 at the Wayback Machine." Houston Independent School District. Retrieved on May 18, 2014.
  100. "Super Neighborhood (SN# 86) Land Use Map Archived 2014-05-18 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on May 18, 2014.
  101. "The Regis School of the Sacred Heart Archived 2008-12-04 at the Wayback Machine." Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  102. "St. Jerome School Archived 2008-10-21 at the Wayback Machine." Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  103. "Pope John XXIII High golfers take second place". The Katy Rancher at the Houston Chronicle. 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2017-03-25. Pope John XXIII High School, [...] serves Houston's far west side, including areas of [...] and Spring Branch.
  104. Home page. The Awty International School. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  105. "Contact Us Archived 2009-03-22 at the Wayback Machine." Houston Christian High School. Retrieved on April 4, 2009.
  106. Home page. Fair Haven Day Methodist School. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  107. "Islamic Centers". Islamic Society of Greater Houston. Retrieved 2019-10-28. Spring Branch Islamic Center Address: 1209 Conrad Sauer Houston TX, 77043 - if a school and a mosque share an address, they are co-located.
  108. ,
  109. "Introduction Archived 2009-02-16 at the Wayback Machine." The Monarch School. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  110. "Map and Directions Archived 2008-05-15 at the Wayback Machine." The Monarch School. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  111. "Our Two Campuses Archived 2009-04-05 at the Wayback Machine." The Monarch School. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  112. "The Monarch School Master Plan Archived 2009-02-23 at the Wayback Machine." The Monarch School. January 21, 2002.
  113. "Mighty Oaks From Little Acorns Grow. Archived 2008-11-19 at the Wayback Machine." The Parish School. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  114. "Rainard has moved to its new campus Archived December 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine." The Rainard School. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  115. ""Mighty oaks from little acorns grow."." The Parish School. January 21, 2002.
  116. "Contact." Western Academy. Retrieved on November 28, 2013. "Western Academy 1511 Butlercrest Houston, Texas 77080"
  117. "7812 Bobbitt Lane" (Archive). Harris County Appraisal District Public Records
  118. "Schools" (Map) (Archive). Spring Branch Management District. Retrieved on June 19, 2015.
  119. Casey, Rick. "Suburbs: ‘Raise our school taxes'." Houston Chronicle. August 8, 2009. Retrieved on March 25, 2010.
  120. Georgandis, Nick. "HCC officials determined to fight governor's funding vetoes." The Katy Times. June 25, 2007. Retrieved on March 25, 2010.
  121. "Moody Rambin Interests Inc." Houston Business Journal. May 26, 2000. Retrieved on March 25, 2010.
  122. Nissimov, Ron. "Article: Bookstore Sparks Lawsuit Against Houston Community College System." Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. November 29, 1999. Retrieved on March 25, 2010.
  123. "Hillendahl Neighborhood Library Archived 2008-09-16 at the Wayback Machine." Houston Public Library. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  124. "Ring Neighborhood Library Archived 2008-10-22 at the Wayback Machine." Houston Public Library. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  125. "HPL's Named Buildings Archived 2008-05-31 at the Wayback Machine." Houston Public Library. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  126. "Spring Branch Memorial Branch Library Archived May 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine." Harris County Public Library. Retrieved on November 29, 2008.
  127. "Parks in Spring Branch" (Archive). Spring Branch Management District. Retrieved on May 18, 2014.
  128. "City of Houston ZIP Code 77043 Archived 2007-05-07 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. December 10, 2008.
  129. "Our Parks A-F Archived June 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  130. "R.L. and Cora Johnson Community Center Archived 2009-04-23 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on April 21, 2009.
  131. "Carverdale Park to be Renamed To Honor Civic Leaders R.L. and Cora Johnson Archived 2010-05-31 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. January 26, 2009. Retrieved on April 21, 2009.
  132. "Freed Community Center Archived 2009-06-12 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on August 17, 2009.
  133. "Our Parks O-Z Archived 2008-12-27 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  134. "Nob Hill Park (13 Acres) Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  135. "Spring Branch Pocket Park (1 Acre) Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  136. "Spring Branch Pocket Park Archived 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine" Map. Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  137. "Housman Pocket Park (1 Acre) Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  138. "Housman Pocket Park Archived 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine" Map. Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  139. "Moritz Pech Family Park (1 Acre) Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  140. "Moritz Pech Family Park Archived 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine" Map. Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  141. "Creek Pocket Park (1 Acre) Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  142. Bracher Pocket Park (0.21 Acre) Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  143. "Bracher Pocket Park Archived 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine" Map. Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  144. "Bauer Pocket Park (.65 Acre) Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  145. "Gessner Pocket Park (1 Acre) Archived 2008-12-05 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  146. "Gessner Pocket Park Archived 2009-02-27 at the Wayback Machine" Map. Harris County, Texas. Retrieved on December 10, 2008.
  147. "Spring Branch Family Development Center to get new playground." Houston Chronicle. November 11, 2008. Retrieved on November 28, 2011.
  148. Vara, Richard. "Area Asian Catholics to come together in celebration." Houston Chronicle. August 21, 1999. Religion p. 1. NewsBank Record: 3159522. Available from the Houston Chronicle website's newspaper databases, accessible with a library card and PIN.
  149. Orozco, Yvette (2019-05-04). "Polish-American community celebrates traditions at festival". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
  150. "Our Lady of Walsingham Church". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
  151. "St. Catherine of Siena Church". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
  152. "St. Jerome Church". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston. Retrieved 2019-10-28.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.