Spahi-class destroyer

The Spahi class consisted of seven destroyers built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. One ship was lost during the First World War, but the others survived to be scrapped afterwards.

Mameluck at anchor
Class overview
Name: Spahi class
Operators:  French Navy
Preceded by: Claymore class
Succeeded by: Voltigeur class
Built: 1906–1912
In service: 1910–1930
Completed: 7
Lost: 1
Scrapped: 6
General characteristics
Type: Destroyer
Displacement: 530–550 t (522–541 long tons)
Length: 64–65.8 m (210 ft 0 in–215 ft 11 in) (p/p)
Beam: 6.05–6.6 m (19 ft 10 in–21 ft 8 in)
Draft: 2.3–2.4 m (7 ft 7 in–7 ft 10 in)
Installed power:
Propulsion: 2 shafts; 2 triple-expansion steam engines
Speed: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)
Range: 1,000–1,200 nmi (1,900–2,200 km; 1,200–1,400 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement: 77–79
Armament:

Design and description

The Spahi-class was over 50 percent larger than the preceding Branlebas class to match the increase in size of foreign destroyers. They varied slightly in size due to building practices of each shipyard.[1] They had an length between perpendiculars of 64–65.8 meters (210 ft 0 in–215 ft 11 in), a beam of 6.05–6.6 meters (19 ft 10 in–21 ft 8 in),[2] and a draft of 2.3–2.4 meters (7 ft 7 in–7 ft 10 in). The ships displaced 530–550 metric tons (522–541 long tons) at deep load.[1]

The destroyers were powered by two triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by four water-tube boilers of three different types. Spahi and Lansquenet used Normand boilers, Hussard and Mameluk had du Temple boilers while the remaining three ships were fitted with Guyot boilers. The engines were designed to produce 7,500 indicated horsepower (5,600 kW), except for Spahi with 9,000 ihp (6,700 kW), which was intended to give the sister ships a speed of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph). During their sea trials, they reached speeds of 27.1–29.8 knots (50.2–55.2 km/h; 31.2–34.3 mph). The ships carried 95 t (93 long tons) of coal which gave them a range of 1,000–1,200 nautical miles (1,900–2,200 km; 1,200–1,400 mi) at a cruising speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). Lansquenet had a capacity of 115 t (113 long tons) which gave her a range of 2,880 nmi (5,330 km; 3,310 mi) at the same cruising speed.[3]

The primary armament of the Spahi-class ships consisted of six 65-millimeter (2.6 in) Modèle 1902 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the others were distributed amidships. They were also fitted with three 450-millimeter (17.7 in) torpedo tubes. One of these was in a fixed mount in the bow and the other two were on single rotating mounts amidships.[1]

Ships
Name Builder[1] Laid down Launched[4] Completed[4] Fate[1]
Aspirant HerberArsenal de Rochefort30 April 1912August 1912Condemned, July 1930
CarabinierAteliers et Chantiers de Saint-Nazaire Penhoët, Saint-Nazaire10 October 1908October 1909Scuttled, 15 November 1918
Enseigne HenryArsenal de Rochefort12 May 1911April 1912Condemned, June 1928
HussardAteliers et Chantiers de la Loire, Nantes12 September 1908September 1911Condemned, March 1922
LansquenetDyle et Bacalan, Bordeaux20 November 1908October 1910Condemned, December 1928
MamelukAteliers et Chantiers de la Loire, Nantes10 March 1909June 1911Condemned, February 1928
SpahiForges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée, La Seyne-sur-Mer3 May 1908July 1910Condemned, December 1927

Citations
  1. Gardiner & Gray, p. 202
  2. Couhat, p. 95
  3. Couhat, pp. 95–96
  4. Couhat, p. 96

Bibliography
  • Couhat, Jean Labayle (1974). French Warships of World War I. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0445-5.
  • Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Osborne, Eric W. (2005). Destroyers - An Illustrated History of Their Impact. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 1-85109-479-2.
  • Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). "Classement par types". Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours 2, 1870 - 2006. Toulon: Roche. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
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