South Indian diaspora

The South Indian diaspora (Telugu: దక్షిణ భారత డయాస్పోరా) (Tamil: அயலகத் தென்னிந்தியர்) (Kannada: ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಲಸೆಗಾರ)(Malayalam: ദക്ഷിണേന്ത്യൻ പ്രവാസികൾ) comprises people who have emigrated from South Indian states to other Indian states and other countries, and people of South Indian descent born or residing in other Indian stats and other countries.

Tamils Emigration

Early migrations (before 1800s)

Main articles: Sri Lankan Tamils, Sri Lankan Chetties, Chitty, Bharatha people, and Kaikadi people

Many of Tamil emigrants who left shores of Tamil Nadu before 18th Century and mixed with countless other ethnicities. In medieval period Tamilians emigrated as soldiers, traders and labourers settled in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and intermixed well with local population, while few communities still maintain their language and culture. Many groups still claim descent from medieval-era Tamil emigrants such as the Kaikadis of Maharashtra, Chittys of Malaysia, and the Sri Lankan Chetties, Bharatha people, some section of Sri Lankan Tamils of Sri Lanka.

European Colonial period 1684 - 1947

Main articles: Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka, Tamil Malaysians, Tamil South Africans, and Tamil Mauritian

During this period British, Dutch, French, Portuguese and Danish colony administrators recruited a lot of local Tamilians and took them to their overseas colonies to work as laborers, petty administration officers, clerical and military duties.

In the 19th century, Madras Presidency (of which the Tamil Nadu region was a core part of) faced brutal famines. Great Famine of 1876–78. Tamil Nadu was both politically and economically weak. Britishers thus made use of hungry Tamil workers for their plantations all over the world - Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Mauritius, South Africa, Fiji and also Sri Lanka (distinct from the Tamils who migrated to Sri Lanka before 18th century). Some of the Tamil groups (especially Chettiyars, Pillais, Muslims) emigrated as commercial migrants. These groups then dominated the trade and finance in Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, South Africa and other places. The first Indian to own a merchant ship during the British times comes from this group. [1]

These Tamilians well integrated, assimilated with their adopted countries, and became part and parcel of local populations in Mauritius, South Africa, Guyana, and Fiji. Where as Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka of Sri Lanka, and Tamil Malaysians of Malaysia were evolved into distinct communities of their own with multilingual and unique sub-culture identity.

Modern Migration (1950 - present)

Main article: Tamil Nadu diaspora

In the second half of the 20th century, around 2 million Tamils from India migrated as skilled professionals to various parts of India and countries like UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, UK, USA, Singapore and so on. Some of them got citizenship of respective countries but still having strong family and cultural ties with Tamil Nadu, than those who migrated before 1950, who lost touch with their ancestral links in Tamil Nadu.

Telugu Emigration

The Telugu Boom refers to the migration of a large number of Telugu speaking people from the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the United States of America and Canada from late 80s largely consisting of the migration of students and Information Technology workers which continues to the present day.[2]

References

1. Raghuram, Parvati; Sahoo, Ajaya Kumar; Maharaj, Brij; Sangha, Dave (16 September 2008). "Tracing an Indian Diaspora: Contexts, Memories, Representations". SAGE Publications India.
2. A. Srivathsan (2011-04-21). "News / The India Cables : Hyderabad a U.S. visa fraud hub". The Hindu. Retrieved 2012-12-31.