Sogeram languages

The Sogeram languages are a family of languages in the Madang stock of New Guinea. They are named after the Sogeram River.[2]

Sogeram
Sogeram River
Wanang
Geographic
distribution		Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classificationMadang
Glottologsoge1235[1]

In earlier classifications, such as that of Wurm, most of the Sogeram family were called "Wanang", after the Wanang River. The exceptions were Faita, placed as a separate branch of the Southern Adelbert languages, and Mum–Sirva (then called the "Sikan" family), which were classified with the other branch, Josephstaal (Tomui River).

Languages

Daniels (2016) classifies the Sogeram languages in three branches, including some recently documented languages.[3]

Sogeram

Daniels (2017) resolves the issue of Gants by classifying it as East Sogeram, closest to Kursav though he refrains from claiming the two languages form a clade. He notes that the name "East Sogeram" is no longer geographically appropriate, as Gants would be the westernmost Sogeram language.[4]

Recently discovered Magɨyi may also be a Sogeram language, with the forms of identified cognates closest to Mum.[5]

Because these languages form a chain, where each influences its neighbors, the branching of the family is not clear. Usher divided the languages differently, in two branches.[2]

  • Sogeram River
    • West Sogeram River
      • Atemple–Nend: Atemble (Atemple, Mand), Nend (Angaua)
      • Paynamar (Manat)
    • Central Sogeram River
      • Aisi–Kulsab: Faita (Kulsab), Musak (Aisi)
      • Apali (Emerum)
      • Mum–Sirva: Mum (Katiati), Sileibi (Sirva)

Usher (who as of 2018 had not evaluated Daniels' work) classifies Gants as a Kalam language. Both Kalam and Sogeram are branches of the Madang family.

Pronouns

Daniels reconstructs the pronouns as follows:[4]

sgpl
1 *ya*a-ra
2 *na*na-ra
3 *nu/*nɨ*nɨ-ra

Compare Ross's proto-Madang singular pronouns *ya, *na, *nu/*ua.

gollark: `/dev/sdd: /dev/sdd: cannot execute binary file`
gollark: I don't think that's valid.
gollark: FEAR /dev/sdd.
gollark: Excellent, new disk spun up and presumably doing disky things.
gollark: I had to *actually* install the disk.

References
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Sogeram". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. New Guinea World, Sogeram River
  3. Daniels, Don. 2016. Magɨ: An undocumented language of Papua New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics 55: 199-224.
  4. Daniels, Don. 2017. Gants is a Sogeram Language. Language and Linguistics in Melanesia 35: 82-93.
  5. ISO code request 2013-029

Further reading
  • Proto-Sogeram. TransNewGuinea.org. From Daniels, D. 2010. A preliminary phonological history of the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 49, 163-193.
  • Proto-Central-Sogeram. TransNewGuinea.org. From Daniels, D. 2010. A preliminary phonological history of the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 49, 163-193.
  • Proto-Eastern-Sogeram. TransNewGuinea.org. From Daniels, D. 2010. A preliminary phonological history of the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 49, 163-193.
  • Proto-Western-Sogeram. TransNewGuinea.org. From Daniels, D. 2010. A preliminary phonological history of the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 49, 163-193.
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