Sam language

Sam, or Songum, is a Madang language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

Sam
Songum
Native to	Papua New Guinea
Region	Madang Province
Native speakers	780 (2000 census)[1]
Language family	Trans–New Guinea? Madang Mindjim Sam
Language codes
ISO 639-3	snx
Glottolog	samm1244[2]

It is spoken in Songum (5.50779°S 145.851042°E / -5.50779; 145.851042 (Songum)), Buan, and Wongbe villages in Astrolabe Bay Rural LLG.[3][4]

'Sam' is the word for 'language'. 'Songum' is a village name.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p b	t d		k ɡ	ʔ <x>
Nasal	m	n	ɲ <ɳ>	ŋ
Trill		r <rr>
Tap/flap		ɾ <r>
Fricative		s			h
Approximant			j <y>
Lateral approx.		l

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

References

1. Sam at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Sam". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
3. Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
4. United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.