Siponimod

Siponimod, sold under the brand name Mayzent, is a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator for oral use that is used for multiple sclerosis (MS).[3] It is intended for once-daily oral administration.[4][3]

Siponimod
Clinical data
Trade namesMayzent[1]
Other namesBAF-312
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa619027
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • US: N (Not classified yet) [2]
    Routes of
    administration    		By mouth
    ATC code
    Legal status
    Legal status
    • US: ℞-only
    • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
    Identifiers
    CAS Number
    PubChem CID
    PubChem SID
    DrugBank
    ChemSpider
    UNII
    KEGG
    ChEMBL
    CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC29H35F3N2O3
    Molar mass516.605 g·mol−1
    3D model (JSmol)

    In March 2019, it was approved in the United States to treat adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease.[1]

    Medical uses

    Siponimod was studied for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), which is the progressive neurological decline of multiple sclerosis that happens independent of acute relapses.[1] In active SPMS, siponimod decreases the risk of disability and MS relapses.[1]

    Adverse effects

    In clinical trials of siponimod, the most common adverse effects were headache, high blood pressure, and liver function test abnormalities.[1]

    Pharmacology

    Mechanism of action

    Siponimod binds selectively to some of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor forms—including sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1—found on lymphocytes and other cell types.

    This binding inhibits the migration of the lymphocytes to the location of the inflammation (e.g. in MS).

    Siponimod may be very similar to fingolimod but preventing lymphopenia, one of its main side effects, by preventing egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes. Siponimod may be more selective in the particular sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (five in number) that it modulates.[5] It is selective for the -1 and -5 SIP receptors.[4]

    History

    In March 2019, siponimod was approved in the United States to treat adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease.[1][6][7]

    The efficacy of siponimod was shown in a clinical trial[8] of 1,651 patients that compared siponimod to placebo in people with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) who had evidence of disability progression in the prior two years and no relapses in the three months prior to enrollment.[1][6] The primary endpoint of the study was the time to three-month confirmed progression in disability.[1] The trial was conducted at 294 centers in Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, South America, and the United States.[6]

    The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval of Mayzent to Novartis.[1][6]

    In January 2020, siponimod was approved in the European Union for the treatment of adults with SPMS with active disease evidenced by relapses or imaging features of inflammatory activity.[9][10]

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    gollark: On average, that's 2.5, I think.
    gollark: Lack of proof interpreted as communism.
    gollark: Prove it by contraposition.
    gollark: Ask people for the age they estimate for logos, and the age they estimate other people estimate for logos on average (mean and median).

    References
    1. "FDA approves new oral drug to treat multiple sclerosis". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 26 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
    2. "Siponimod (Mayzent) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
    3. "Mayzent- siponimod tablet, film coated". DailyMed. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
    4. Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree B, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Gold R, Vermersch P, Lam E, Pohlmann H, Wallström E (2014). "Siponimod (BAF312) for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Design of the phase 3 EXPAND trial". Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. 3 (6): 752. doi:10.1016/j.msard.2014.09.185. ISSN 2211-0348.
    5. WO 2008000419, Hiestand, Peter C; Schnell, Christian, "S1P Receptor modulators for treating multiple sclerosis", assigned to Novartis
    6. "Drug Trials Snapshots: Mayzent". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 19 April 2019. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
    7. "Drug Approval Package: Mayzent (siponimod)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 3 May 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
    8. Clinical trial number NCT01665144 for "Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Siponimod in Patients With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (EXPAND)" at ClinicalTrials.gov
    9. "Novartis announces EU approval of Mayzent (siponimod) for adult patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) with active disease". Novartis (Press release). 20 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
    10. "Mayzent EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 12 November 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
    • "Siponimod". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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