Nellore

Nellore is a city on the banks of Penna River,[3] located in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.[4] It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as Nellore mandal and Nellore revenue division.[5] It is the fourth most populous city in the state. It is at a distance of 275 km from the capital city of Andhra Pradesh and about 170 km north of Chennai, Tamilnadu and also about 380km from Bangalore,Karnataka. Nellore City accounts for 65% of the urban population of Nellore District.

This article is about the city. For district in Andhra Pradesh, see Nellore district.

Nellore
City Corporation
Nellore Montage Clockwise from top left: Nellore City View, Narayana Colleges, A Ship at Krishnapatnam Port, Gopuram of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Nellore
Etymology: Telugu: Nelli ooru ("Place of Indian gooseberry")
Nellore
Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
Coordinates: 14.45°N 79.99°E / 14.45; 79.99
CountryIndia
StateAndhra Pradesh
DistrictNellore
Incorporated (Municipality)1 November 1866
Named forIndian gooseberry
Wards54
Government
 • TypeMayor–Council
 • BodyNellore Municipal Corporation
 • MLAs
 • MPAdala Prabhakara Reddy
Area
 • City Corporation150.48 km2 (58.10 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1][2]
 • City Corporation499,575
 • Rank4th (in AP)
 • Density3,300/km2 (8,600/sq mi)
 • Metro
558,548
Demonym(s)Nellorean
Literacy
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
524001
Area code(s)+91–861
Vehicle registrationAP-39
Websitenellore.cdma.ap.gov.in

Etymology

A mythological story from Sthala Purana depicts, a lingam in the form of a stone under nelli tree. The place gradually became Nelli-ooru ("Nelli" in Tamil stands for emblica Tree and ooru generally stands for place) and then to present day Nellore. Actually' usiri' is the translation for nelli in Telugu.[6]

History

Nellore had been under the rule of Cholas, Pallavas, pandyas, Maurya Dynasty, Kharavela of Chedi dynasty, Satavahanas, Kakatiyas, Eastern Gangas of Kalinga Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Arcot Nawabs and other dynasties.

Nellore existed from the times of the Cholas ruled by Rajendra Chola I under Tanjavur Mauryan empire and was ruled by Ashoka in the 3rd century B.C. Nellore was conquered by the Rulers of the Pallava Dynasty and it was under their till the 6th century AD, subsequently the Chola rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. The Telugu Cholas met their decline in the 13th Century.Tamil inscriptions indicate that it formed part of Chola kingdom till their decline in the thirteenth century AD[7] It later became a part of Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Golconda, Mughal Empire and Arcot Nawabdom. In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from the Arcot Nawabs and was part of the Madras Presidency of British India.

The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Potti Sriramulu, who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.

‘Nelli’ is a word derived from Tamil that indicates ‘paddy’ in Telugu and the Britishers have spelled the district with Nelli-Uru (paddy village) and it was then transformed as Nellore from its traditional name Simhapuri.

Geography

Location

Nellore is located at 14.44°N 79.98°E / 14.44; 79.98.[8][9] It has an average elevation of

18 metres (59 ft).[9]

Climate

The climate of Nellore city is a typical tropical maritime climate, with hot, humid summers and mild winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As the Bay of Bengal is at a distance of 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the city, the sea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore does not receive the south-west monsoon. Rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the north-east monsoon. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall. Cyclones are common in the city during this period, causing floods and havoc.[10]

The maximum temperature is 36 to 46 °C (97 to 115 °F) during summer[11] and the minimum temperature is 23 to 25 °C (73 to 77 °F) during winter. The rainfall ranges from 700 to 1,000 mm (28 to 39 in) through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.[12]

Climate data for Nellore (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.6
(96.1)		 39.4
(102.9)		 43.9
(111.0)		 45.6
(114.1)		 46.7
(116.1)		 46.7
(116.1)		 42.2
(108.0)		 40.6
(105.1)		 41.7
(107.1)		 39.4
(102.9)		 36.7
(98.1)		 35.0
(95.0)		 46.7
(116.1)
Average high °C (°F) 29.9
(85.8)		 32.4
(90.3)		 35.1
(95.2)		 37.8
(100.0)		 39.9
(103.8)		 38.2
(100.8)		 36.0
(96.8)		 35.1
(95.2)		 35.1
(95.2)		 32.8
(91.0)		 30.1
(86.2)		 29.0
(84.2)		 34.3
(93.7)
Average low °C (°F) 20.7
(69.3)		 22.0
(71.6)		 23.9
(75.0)		 26.2
(79.2)		 28.4
(83.1)		 28.5
(83.3)		 27.2
(81.0)		 26.7
(80.1)		 26.4
(79.5)		 25.2
(77.4)		 23.2
(73.8)		 21.5
(70.7)		 25.0
(77.0)
Record low °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0)		 16.1
(61.0)		 17.2
(63.0)		 20.2
(68.4)		 20.2
(68.4)		 21.1
(70.0)		 22.2
(72.0)		 21.7
(71.1)		 21.5
(70.7)		 18.9
(66.0)		 16.7
(62.1)		 14.4
(57.9)		 14.4
(57.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 26.0
(1.02)		 1.7
(0.07)		 3.5
(0.14)		 8.7
(0.34)		 43.1
(1.70)		 28.9
(1.14)		 85.9
(3.38)		 96.0
(3.78)		 97.2
(3.83)		 287.1
(11.30)		 290.9
(11.45)		 100.4
(3.95)		 1,069.4
(42.10)
Average rainy days 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.6 3.0 6.1 6.4 5.4 8.7 9.1 3.7 46.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 64 61 61 62 55 51 56 56 62 71 74 71 62
Source: India Meteorological Department[13][14]

Demographics
Religion in Nellore[15]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 78.72%
Islam
 
 19.03%
Christianity
 
 1.59%
Others
 
 0.66%
Others include Sikhs, Buddhist, Jains & Parsis

As of 2011 census, Nellore city had a population of 499,576. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 73.00%.[16][17] The expanded city population post merger of 15 gram panchayats into Nellore Municipal Corporation stands at 631,791[18]

Historical population[19]
Year Population Growth rate
1961 106776 ---
1971 133590 25.1
1981 237065 77.5
1991 316606 33.6
2001 404775 27.8
2011 631791 56.08

Governance
Tikkana Park in Nellore

Civic administration

Nellore Municipal Corporation was constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act.[20][21] It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of 150.48 km2 (58.10 sq mi) with 54 wards.[22] In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation.[23] Present mayor of the city is Abdul Aziz.[24]

The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known as Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT).[25]

Politics

Nellore is represented by Nellore City assembly constituency and Nellore Rural assembly constituency for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Anil Kumar Poluboina is the present MLA of Nellore City assembly constituency representing YSRCP.[26] Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy is the present MLA of Nellore Rural assembly constituency representing YSRCP.[27][28] Nedurumalli janardhan reddy former chief minister of combined andhra pradesh hails from this place.

Economy
Agriculture in Nellore—rice paddy fields

Certain industries like Nippo batteries factory, Apache leather shoes factory etc. have their presence. Proximity to the sea and fertile land towards the east have led to agriculture and aquaculture to prosper. The most productive is the Shrimp culturing.[29]

A 12,000 acre Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is being set up in the vicinity of the port by the Krishnapatnam Infratech Private Limited, a special purpose vehicle set up by KPCL. The SEZ entails an investment of Rs 6,000 crores and is expected to create 30,000 direct employments.[36] The SEZ is being designed by Mahindra Engineering and is to be a multi-product SEZ.[37]

Culture
Nellore water tank

The residents of the city are generally referred as Nelloreans.[30] The Rottela Panduga (Roti festival) is an annual urs event celebrated at the Bara Shaheed Dargah (shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.[31] The event got its name after the practice of exchanging flat breads and attracts visitors from all religious backgrounds every year and from all over the country and also from foreign countries.[32]

Venkata Giri poleramma Jathara is a very popular festival which attracts many people from across Indian and few from abroad. it is organised by Poleramma temple Committee (dharmasanam) in Venkata Giri town.

Cuisine

Chepala Pulusu (fish curry) is a non-vegetarian recipe of the Nellore district, prepared from Korramennu.[33] Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a local sweet made from maida, milk and sugar.[34]

Transport
National Highway 16 at Nellore
Nellore Railway Station

Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers.[35] Of these, privately operated auto rickshaws accounts to around 7,000, dominating most part of the city for local commuting.[36] Nellore bus station of the city operates district and long distance services.[37] Nellore is classified as an A grade and Adarsh station in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone.[38] The city also has three small railway stations namely, Nellore South,[39] Vedayapalem.[40] and Padugupadu railway station The Southern Railway operates MEMUs regularly for commuting between Nellore and Chennai Central.[41] There is also a proposal to build a no frills airport for the city.[42]

The city has a total road length of 1,189.95 km (739.40 mi).[43] The proposed Outer Ring Road, existing arterial and internal roads helps reduce traffic congestion.[36] The city is connected with major National highways such as, National Highway 16, a part of Asian Highway 45 and Golden Quadrilateral, bypasses the city.[44]

Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.[45][46] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English, Telugu.[47] Narayana medical college, Venkata Raja College (VRC) are famous and prestigious institutions. Narayana educational institutions were founded here. It is home for many intermediate colleges which attracts students from kadapa and chittor districts. Nellore has Govt Medical college (ACSR GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE) located in heart of city which has district headquarters hospital adjacent to it.

Media

Zaminryot[48] newspaper,established in 1930, and Lawyer weekly newspaper[49] are based out of Nellore. In addition, Eenadu,Vaartha AndhraJyothy and Sakshi newspapers are also printing local editions in Nellore. Deccan Chronicle has also launched their Nellore edition in April 2003 and it is the first English paper to be published from Nellore.

Notable people
gollark: It's a mathematical thingy to make a polynomial going through some points, so you can use it to approximate functions. I put in the first 8 factorials.
gollark: That looks like output from my lagrange interpolator thing.
gollark: Wait, oops, got to phase shift it.
gollark: <@!293066066605768714> osmarksapproximation™
gollark: ··· yes, that is known.

See also

References
  1. "Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Project" (PDF). Swachha Andhra Corporation. Government of Andhra Pradesh. October 2016. p. 20/4. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  2. Ravikiran, G. "Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  3. Ravikiran, G. "Lakhs celebrate 'gobbemma festival'". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  4. "District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore" (PDF). Census of India. p. 25. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  5. "District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part A)" (PDF). Census of India. Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh. 2011. p. 164. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  6. Staff, Government Of Madras; Madras, Government of (2004). Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Brought Upto 1938. Asian Educational Services. p. 3. ISBN 9788120618510. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  7. (1908) The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Volume 19. Nayakanhatti to Parbhani. Clarendon Press. p. 9
  8. "Latitude and Longitude of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh | Nellore Coordinates". www.mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  9. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Nellore, India". fallingrain.com.
  10. "Welcome to Nellore". ap.nic.in. Archived from the original on 31 January 2015.
  11. "Nellore and Ongole record season's highest temperatures". Deccan Chronicle. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  12. "District Profile | Nellore Municipal Corporation". Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  13. "Station: Nellore Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 549–550. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  14. "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  15. "Census of India – Socio-cultural aspects". Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  16. "Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  17. "Literacy of AP (Census 2011)" (PDF). AP govt. portal. p. 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  18. "Smart wards: Nellore woos industrialists". The Hindu. Nellore. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  19. "INTEGRATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) MANAGEMENT PROJECT FOR ZONE-IV OF ANDHRA PRADESH" (PDF). Retrieved 10 November 2016.
  20. Ravikiran, G. (1 April 2014). "Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  21. "Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs" (PDF). Directorate of Town and Country Planning. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  22. "Municipality Profile". Nellore Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  23. "SPSR NELLORE-District Panchayat". www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  24. Ravi Kiran, G (12 April 2015). "Civic body gears up to tackle water woes". Th Hindu. Nellore. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  25. Vadlapatla, Sribala (11 August 2015). "Amaravati among 31 AP cities selected for Amruth development". The Times of India. Hyderabad. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  26. "Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results". Elections.in. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  27. "MLA". AP State Portal. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  28. "Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results". Elections.in. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  29. "History of Nellore". Nellore Municipal Corporation. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  30. Prasad, P. V. (30 November 2016). "Gutti Vankaya curry no more a delicacy". The Hans India. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  31. G. Ravikiran. "'Rottela Panduga' from Nov. 4 in Nellore". The Hindu.
  32. G. Ravikiran. "2 lakh devotees throng Bara Shahid dargah". The Hindu.
  33. Prasad, P. V. (4 March 2017). "Cultured korameenu takes sheen off fish curry". The Hans India. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  34. Prasad, P. V. (21 April 2016). "Nellore Malai Kaja goes online". The Hans India. Nellore. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
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  37. "Bus stations across AP to be linked to PNBS". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  38. "Vijayawada Division – a profile" (PDF). Indian Railways. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  39. "Railways will help develop AP". The Hans India. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  40. "Nellore South Railway Station". Indian Railways Trains & Stations – India Rail Info. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  41. "The Hindu : Nellore-Central MEMU services from tomorrow". The Hindu. Chennai. 8 November 2002. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  42. Reddy, B. Dasarath (25 December 2015). "Traffic rise in old airports gives a boost to Andhra's plan to build 6 new runways". Business Standard India. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  43. "Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh". Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  44. "NHAI Under Pressure to Lay Another Bypass Road". The New Indian Express. 25 August 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  45. "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  46. "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal | AP State Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  47. "Nellore Municipal Corporation school outshines corporate". Deccan Chronicle. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  48. "Zaminryot". www.zaminryot.com. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  49. "హోం పేజి". Lawyer Telugu Weekly. Retrieved 24 March 2016.

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