Sandnes-mål

Sandnes-mål, Sandnes dialect or Sandnes Norwegian (Bokmål: Sandnes-mål or Sandnesdialekten)[1] is a dialect of Norwegian used in Sandnes.

Sandnes-mål
RegionSandnes
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
GlottologNone

Phonology

Consonants
  • Between and after vowels, the voiceless plosives /p, t, k/ are realized as voiced [b, d, ɡ].[2]
  • /ç/ merges with /ʃ/ into [ʃ].[3]
  • /r/ is uvular.[4]

Vowels

Apart from /ə/, all short vowels have a long equivalent, which has the same quality as the short vowel (excluding the /a–aː/ pair).[5]

Monophthongs of Sandnes-mål, from Ims (2010:14)
Monophthong phonemes of Sandnes-mål[6]
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long
Close i iː y yː ʉ ʉː u uː
Mid e eː ø øː (ə) ɔ ɔː
Open a aː
  • The close vowels /i, iː, y, yː, ʉ, ʉː, u, uː/ are rather lax (near-close) [ɪ, ɪː, ʏ, ʏː, ʉ̞, ʉ̞ː, ʊ, ʊː].[6]
  • The unrounded–rounded pairs /i–y, iː–yː, e–ø, eː–øː/ have a very similar backness, and differ mainly by rounding.[6]
  • /e, eː, ø, øː, ə/ are mid [e̞, e̞ː, ø̞, ø̞ː, ə], whereas /ɔ, ɔː/ are open-mid [ɔ, ɔː].[6]
  • /a, aː/ are near-open; the long vowel is central [ɐː], whereas the short vowel is somewhat more front [æ̠].[6]
Diphthong phonemes of
Sandnes-mål[2]
Starting point Ending point
Front Central
unrounded rounded rounded
Mid ei øy øʉ
  • The components of the diphthongs are phonetically close to the short vowels transcribed with the same symbols, so that /ei/ is phonetically more or less [e̞ɪ], whereas /øy/ and /øʉ/ are phonetically more or less, respectively, [ø̞ʏ] and [ø̞ʉ̞].[2]
gollark: <@148963262535434240> Increasing numbers helps nobody.
gollark: Mods themselves don't have a huge amount of overhead. *Content* does.
gollark: That wouldn't help.
gollark: What would it even mean?
gollark: Automatically coalesce mods? How?

References
  1. Ims (2010).
  2. Ims (2010), p. 15.
  3. Ims (2010), p. 17.
  4. Ims (2010), p. 12.
  5. Ims (2010), pp. 13–14.
  6. Ims (2010), p. 14.

Bibliography
  • Ims, Charlotte Sol (2010). Sandnes i skyggen av Stavanger - en sociolingvistisk undersøkelse av Sandnes-mål med utgangspunkt i utvalgte språklige variabler (PDF) (Master's thesis). Adger: Universitetet i Adger. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2015.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Further reading
  • Mimura, Tatsuyuki, Prosody of the Compounds in the Sandnes Dialect of Norwegian: A Descriptive Study (PDF), Kogakuin University
  • Mimura, Tatsuyuki (2010a), Noruwee-go Sandnes-hoogen no aruhwabetto-kasiramoji-go no on'in-ron. [Phonology of the initialisms in the Sandnes dialect of Norwegian.] (in Japanese)
  • Mimura, Tatsuyuki (2010b), Noruwee-go Sandnes-hoogen no hukugoo-go akusento-kisoku [On the compound accent rules of the Sandnes dialect of Norwegian] (in Japanese), pp. 182–187


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