Samuel Eilenberg

Samuel Eilenberg (September 30, 1913 – January 30, 1998) was a Polish-American mathematician who co-founded category theory with Saunders Mac Lane.

Samuel Eilenberg
Samuel Eilenberg (1970)
Born(1913-09-30)September 30, 1913
Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
DiedJanuary 30, 1998(1998-01-30) (aged 84)
New York City, United States
CitizenshipRussian, Polish, American
Alma materUniversity of Warsaw
Known forEilenberg–Steenrod axioms
Eilenberg swindle
AwardsWolf Prize (1986)
Leroy P. Steele Prize (1987)
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
InstitutionsColumbia University
Doctoral advisorKazimierz Kuratowski
Karol Borsuk
Doctoral studentsJonathan Beck
David Buchsbaum
Martin Golumbic
Daniel Kan
William Lawvere
Ramaiyengar Sridharan
Myles Tierney

Early life and education

He was born in Warsaw, Kingdom of Poland to a Jewish family. He spent much of his career as a professor at Columbia University.

He earned his Ph.D. from University of Warsaw in 1936, where his thesis advisor was Karol Borsuk. He died in New York City in January 1998.

Career

Eilenberg's main body of work was in algebraic topology. He worked on the axiomatic treatment of homology theory with Norman Steenrod (whose names the Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms bear), and on homological algebra with Saunders Mac Lane. In the process, Eilenberg and Mac Lane created category theory.

Eilenberg was a member of Bourbaki and, with Henri Cartan, wrote the 1956 book Homological Algebra.[1]

Later in life he worked mainly in pure category theory, being one of the founders of the field. The Eilenberg swindle (or telescope) is a construction applying the telescoping cancellation idea to projective modules.

Eilenberg contributed to automata theory and algebraic automata theory. In particular, he introduced a model of computation called X-machine and a new prime decomposition algorithm for finite state machines in the vein of Krohn–Rhodes theory.

Art collection

Eilenberg was also a prominent collector of Asian art. His collection mainly consisted of small sculptures and other artifacts from India, Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Central Asia. In 1991–1992, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York staged an exhibition from more than 400 items that Eilenberg had donated to the museum, entitled The Lotus Transcendent: Indian and Southeast Asian Art From the Samuel Eilenberg Collection.[2] In reciprocity, the Metropolitan Museum of Art donated substantially to the endowment of the Samuel Eilenberg Visiting Professorship in Mathematics at Columbia University.[3]

Selected publications
  • Eilenberg, Samuel (1974). Automata, Languages and Machines, Volume A. ISBN 0-12-234001-9.
  • Eilenberg, Samuel (1976). Automata, Languages and Machines, Volume B. ISBN 0-12-234002-7.
  • Eilenberg, Samuel; Ganea, Tudor (1957). "On the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of abstract groups". Annals of Mathematics. 2nd Series. 65 (3): 517–518. doi:10.2307/1970062. JSTOR 1970062. MR 0085510.
  • Eilenberg, Samuel; Mac Lane, Saunders (1945). "Relations between homology and homotopy groups of spaces". Annals of Mathematics. 46 (3): 480–509. doi:10.2307/1969165. JSTOR 1969165.
  • Eilenberg, Samuel; Mac Lane, Saunders (1950). "Relations between homology and homotopy groups of spaces. II". Annals of Mathematics. 51 (3): 514–533. doi:10.2307/1969365. JSTOR 1969365.
  • Eilenberg, Samuel; Moore, John C. (1962), "Limits and spectral sequences", Topology, 1 (1): 1–23, doi:10.1016/0040-9383(62)90093-9, ISSN 0040-9383
  • Eilenberg, Samuel; Niven, Ivan (1944). "The "fundamental theorem of algebra" for quaternions". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 50 (4): 246–248. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1944-08125-1. MR 0009588.
  • Eilenberg, Samuel; Steenrod, Norman E. (1945). "Axiomatic approach to homology theory". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 31 (4): 117–120. Bibcode:1945PNAS...31..117E. doi:10.1073/pnas.31.4.117. PMC 1078770. PMID 16578143.
  • Eilenberg, Samuel; Steenrod, Norman E. (1952). Foundations of algebraic topology. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. MR 0050886.[4]
gollark: When they were tested at scale we were pretty sure they wouldn't be particularly harmful.
gollark: I actually don't want multiple things.
gollark: Scientific progress does not generally require subjecting lots of people to your thing for ages.
gollark: If you have to go through 10000 extremely bad systems to get a good one, it may not be worth it.
gollark: 1.5%, actually.

See also

Footnotes
  1. Mac Lane, Saunders (1956). "Review: Homological algebra, by Henri Cartan and Samuel Eilenberg". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 62 (6): 615–624. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1956-10082-7.
  2. Pace, Eric (February 3, 1998), "Samuel Eilenberg, 84, Dies; Mathematician at Columbia", The New York Times
  3. Bass, Hyman; Cartan, Henri; Freyd, Peter; Heller, Alex; Mac Lane, Saunders (1998). "Samuel Eilenberg (1913–1998)" (PDF). Notices of the AMS. 45 (10): 1344–1352.
  4. Spanier, Edwin H. (1958). "Review: Foundations of Algebraic Topology, by S. Eilenberg and N. Steenrod". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 64 (4): 190–192. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1958-10204-9.
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