Sasaram

Sasaram sometimes also spelled as Sahasram, is a city in Bihar State of India. One of the ancient cities in India, Sasaram has witnessed the legacy of several great personalities along with Sahastrabahu, Shershah Suri, and Jagjivan Ram Babu. In ancient time it was a gateway of "Vihar" to visit Gaya, Rajgrih and Nalanda area and during prehistoric period Lord Buddha has passed through this way to be enlightened with verity & wisdom under Mahabodhi tree in Gaya.

"Sahasram" redirects here. For the 2010 film, see Sahasram (film).

Sasaram
Sasaram City Region (UA)
Sasaram
Location in Bihar, India
Sasaram
Sasaram (Bihar)
Coordinates: 24.95°N 84.03°E / 24.95; 84.03
Country India
StateBihar
RegionShahabad
DivisionPatna Division
DistrictRohtas
Ward40
Named forSahashram
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation (Updated)
 • BodySasaram Municipal Corporation
 • ChairmanKanchan Devi (BJP)
 • District Magistrate(DM)Pankaj Dixit (IAS)
 • MPChhedi Paswan (BJP)
 • Superintendent of Police(SP)Satya Veer Singh (IPS)
Elevation
110 m (360 ft)
Population
 (2014)[1]
 • Total147,425 (UA) 358,283
 • Rank101st
Demonym(s)Sasaramite
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
821115, 821113, 821114
Telephone code06184
Vehicle registrationBR-24
Railway StationSasaram Junction Railway station

Modern Sasaram city covers the largest sub-metropolitan area of Bihar. It has many famous religious and historical spots to visit such as Shershah tomb, Rohtasgarh fort, Indrapuri Dam, Shergarh fort, Sacred Tarachandi Shaktipith, Gupta Dham, Tutla Bhawani temple and the many, the entire area is surrounded by the scenic mountain beauty of Kaimur range, and many exotic waterfalls and rivers like Sone.

Sasaram city is located in the middle of its other sub-towns like Nokha & Kudra which has a large number of agriculture based industries & city is also emerging like an educational hub like Kota of Rajsthan & situated in the middle of other industrial twin towns like Dehri-on-sone, Dalmianagar, Sonnagar, Amjhor, Nokha and Banjari.

The main posh places of the sub-metropolitan area are Raj Colony, Gauraxni, New Area, Tomb Area and Fazalganj commercial zones, Sahu Cinemax - Mall & Railway cricket stadium area. Yasharth Jayant Lal won the District badminton championships and became the District Badminton Champion in the year 2012 by outclassing all this opponents.[2]Several malls have been opened along with the best 3-4 star hotels with good medical facilities in the city and is a medical hub of old Shahabad District too.

Sasaram city Region is the administrative headquarters of Rohtas District, Bihar India. It became a district carved out from Shahabad District in 1972. This district headquarter is best known for having the highest literacy rate and highest agricultural & forest cover area of Bihar . Sasaram is also the headquarters of a community development block of the same name, with a total population of 358,283 as of 2011, making it the most populous block in Rohtas district.[3]

It is known for the production of cement, fertilizers, stone chips, and for the quarrying industry and also Sasaram district is popularly known as the "bowl of rice".

Major languages spoken in this region are Bhojpuri, Hindi, English and Urdu; local religions include Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

History

During the Vedic age, Sasaram was a part of the ancient Kashi kingdom. Sasaram name is originated from the Sahastrarama, meaning a thousand groves. Sasaram was once also named Shah Serai (meaning "Place of King") as it is the birthplace of the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, who ruled over Delhi, much of northern India, what is now Pakistan, and eastern Afghanistan for five years, after defeating the Mughal Emperor Humayun. Many of Sher Shah Suri's governmental practices were adopted by the Mughals and the British Raj including taxation, administration, and the building of a paved road from Kabul to Bengal, also called the Grand Trunk Road.

Sher Shah Suri's 122 feet (37 m) red sandstone tomb, built in the Indo-Afghan style stands in the middle of an artificial lake in Sasaram. It borrows heavily from the Lodhi style, and was once covered in blue and yellow glazed tiles indicating an Iranian influence. The massive free standing dome also has an aesthetic aspect of the Buddhist stupa style of the Mauryan period. The tomb of Sher Shah's father Hasan Khan Suri is also at Sasaram, and stands in the middle of a green field at Sherganj, which is known as Sukha Rauza. About a kilometer to the north west of Sher Shah's tomb lies the incomplete and dilapidated tomb of his son and successor, Islam Shah Suri.[4] Sasaram also has a Baulia, a pool used by the emperor's consorts for bathing.

The fort of Sher Shah Suri at Rohtasgarh is in Sasaram. This fort has a history dating back to the 7th century AD. It was built by Raja Harishchandra, known for his truthfulness in the name of his son Rohitashwa. It houses the Churasan temple, Ganesh temple, diwan-e khas, diwan-e-aam, and various other structures dating back to different centuries. The fort also served as the headquarters of Raja Man Singh during his reign as the governor of Bihar and Bengal under the regime of Akbar. The Rohtaas fort in Bihar should not be confused with another fort of the same name, near Jhelum, Punjab, in what is now Pakistan. The Rohtaas fort in Sasaram was also built by Sher Shah Suri, during the period when Humayun was exiled from Hindustan.

There is a temple of Goddess Tarachandi, two miles to the south, and an inscription of Pratap Dhawal on the rock close to the temple of Chandi Devi. Hindus in large number assemble to worship the goddess. Dhuwan Kund, located about 36 km. Gupta Dham is also a tourist destination and religious place, situated in the Chenari Block of this district. This place is a famous centre of Shiva-Aradhana. Hindus in large numbers assemble here to worship the Lord Shiva. The two waterfalls have enough capacity to generate 50-100 MW of electricity, if utilized properly.

There are several monuments near Sasaram, the headquarter of Rohtas district, including Akbarpur, Deomarkandey, Rohtas Garh, Shergarh, TaraChandi, Dhuwan Kund, Gupta Dham, Bhaluni Dham, Historical Gurudwara and Tombs of Chandan Shaheed, Hasan Khan Sur, Sher Shah, Salim Sah and Alawal Khan.

Rohtas, south of Sasaram, is known to have been the residence of one Satyawadi Raja Harischandra, named for his son, Rohitashwa.

Samadhi of Shree Shree 1008 Shree Swami Parmeshwara Nand Ji Maharaj, also known as Adwait Ashram, Dakshin Kutia, situated in Parampuri (Raipur Chaur) 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Sasaram. Adwait Ashram has about 24 branches over the country in many states. The headquarters is in Sasaram, and is also known as Navlakha Ashram.

Babu Nishan Singh who was the general of Babu Kunwar Singh's army fighting against the British during the 1857 GADAR freedom struggle, came from Sasaram. Jainath Bhawan is a grand mansion built by a magistrate named Babu Harihar Prasad Verma, and his wife Uma Devi Verma, in 1945. The mansion is named for Babu Jainath Prasad, who was a Zamindar and the first lawyer to practice in English. A secondary school founded by Uma Devi Verma, named Harihar Uma Madhyamik Vidyalaya, still runs at the Meyari Bazar, although it is now administered by the government.

Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka

Sasaram is also famous for an inscription by Ashoka (one of the thirteen Minor Rock Edicts), situated in a small cave of Kaimur hill, near Chandan Shaheed.

The edict is located near the top of the terminal spur of the Kimur Range near Sasaram.[5] There is the Minor rock edict #1 only[6] Ashoka famously mentions pre-existing stone pillars in the Edict: "...And where there are stone pillars here in my dominion, there also cause it to be engraved.". 24.94138°N 84.03833°E / 24.94138; 84.03833

The Sasaram Edict (Minor Rock Edict No.1 only).
  1. Devanampriya [speaks] thus.
  2. .................. years since I am a lay-worshipper (upasaka).
  3. But (I had) not been very zealous.
  4. A year and somewhat more (has passed) since ............
  5. And men in Jambudvipa, being during that time unmingled with the gods, have (now) been made (by me) mingled with the gods.
  6. [For] this is the fruit [of zeal].
  7. ...........cannot be reached by (persons of) high rank alone, (but) even a lowly (person) is able to attain even the great heaven if he is zealous.
  8. Now, for the following purpose (has) this proclamation (been issued), (that) both the lowly and the exalted may be zealous, and (that) even (my) borderers may know (it), and (that this) zeal may be of long duration,
  9. And this matter will (be made by me to) progress, and will (be made to) progress even considerably; it will (be made to) progress to one and a half, to at least one and a half.
  10. And this proclamation (was issued by me) on tour.
  11. Two hundred and fifty-six nights (had then been) spent on tour, — (in figures) 256.
  12. And cause ye this matter to be engraved on rocks.
  13. And where there are stone pillars here (in my dominions), there also cause (it) to be engraved.
    — Sasaram Edict (Translated in Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch)[7]
  • The Edict is located on top of the terminal spur of the Kimur range.
  • The name Jambudīpasi for "India" (Brahmi script) in the Sahasram Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka, circa 250 BCE.[8][9]
  • Transcription of the Edict.
  • The number "256" towards the end of the Edict.

Tomb of Sher Shah Suri
Main article: Tomb of Sher Shah Suri

Coordinates: 24°56′N 84°01′E

This site is included in UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Tentative list.[10]

Tomb of Sher Shah, built in the middle of the town, is one of the noblest specimens of Pathan architecture in India, is an imposing structure of stone, standing in the middle of a fine tank, and was built towards the middle of sixteenth century. Its height from the floor to the apex of the dome is 101 feet and its total height above the water is over 150 feet. The octagon forming the tomb has an interior diameter of 75 feet and an exterior diameter of 104 feet. The tomb is the second highest in India which attracts tourists. The tomb of Shershah Suri at Sasaram is an imposing structure of stone standing in the middle of a fine tank and rising from a large stone terrace. This terrace rests obliquely on a platform with a flight of steps leading to the water's edge. The upper terrace is enclosed by a battlemented parapet wall with octagonal domed chambers at four corners, two small projecting pillared balconies on each of its four sides and pierced with a doorway in the east forms the only approach to the tomb. In the middle of the upper terrace stands the building of the mausoleum on a low octagonal plinth. The building consists of a very large octagonal chamber surrounded by a wide verandah on al the four sides. Internally, the verandah is covered by a series of 24 small domes, each supported on four arches but as the roof is a pillared cupola adorned by panels of white glazed tiles now much discoloured. The tomb chamber has three lofty arches on each of the eight sides. They rise 22 feet higher than the verandah roof and support the magnificent and lofty dome which is one of the largest domes in India. Surrounding the main dome are eight pillared cupolas on the corners of the octagon of the chamber walls. The interior of the tomb is sufficiently well ventilated and lighted through large windows on the top portion of the walls fitted with stone jalis in varying patterns. The jambs and spandrils of the arch of the mihrab on the western wall were once profusely adorned with verses from the Quran and inscriptions, with glazed tiles of various colours arranged in geometrical patterns and with floral carvings in stone enclosed in enamel borders. Much of this decoration has vanished already. Traces of similar decoration in enamel or glazed tile works are also to be scen on the interior of the dome, the walls and the cupolas on the outside. In a small arched recess above the mihrab on the outside wall is an inscription in two lines recording the completion of the tomb by his son and successor Salim or Islam Shah, some 3 months after the death of Sher Shah who died in A.H. 952 (A.D.1545). It is second largest dome of India.

The tomb of Hasan Khan Sur, father of Sher Shah is also located in the town. This tomb is also known as Sukha Roza.

Geography

Sasaram is located at 24.95°N 84.03°E / 24.95; 84.03.[11] It has an average elevation of 200 metres (660 ft).

Climate

As Sasaram is surrounded by hills from two sides, its climate is seasonable. The climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Cfa" (Humid Subtropical Climate).[12]

Climate data for Sasaram, India
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 23.8
(74.8)		 26.7
(80.1)		 32.7
(90.9)		 38.0
(100.4)		 40.9
(105.6)		 38.5
(101.3)		 33.2
(91.8)		 32.0
(89.6)		 32.4
(90.3)		 31.8
(89.2)		 28.1
(82.6)		 24.1
(75.4)		 31.9
(89.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.2
(61.2)		 18.9
(66.0)		 24.2
(75.6)		 29.6
(85.3)		 33.2
(91.8)		 32.8
(91.0)		 29.2
(84.6)		 28.4
(83.1)		 28.2
(82.8)		 25.9
(78.6)		 20.7
(69.3)		 16.5
(61.7)		 25.3
(77.6)
Average low °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8)		 11.1
(52.0)		 15.8
(60.4)		 21.2
(70.2)		 25.5
(77.9)		 27.0
(80.6)		 25.3
(77.5)		 24.8
(76.6)		 23.9
(75.0)		 20.0
(68.0)		 13.3
(55.9)		 8.9
(48.0)		 18.8
(65.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 19.2
(0.76)		 21.2
(0.83)		 14.3
(0.56)		 7.6
(0.30)		 12.2
(0.48)		 120.9
(4.76)		 297.5
(11.71)		 326.2
(12.84)		 181.5
(7.15)		 50.9
(2.00)		 10.2
(0.40)		 3.6
(0.14)		 1,065.3
(41.93)
Average rainy days 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.4 5.9 14.3 14.3 8.9 2.8 0.5 0.8 54.7
Source: Weatherbase[13]

Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Sasaram had a population of 247,408 but in urban agglomeration. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Sasaram has an average literacy rate of 80.26%, higher than the national average of 74%; male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 75%. In Sasaram, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.[14]

Religions Sasaram City (2011)
Hinduism
 
 72.97%
Islam
 
 25.58%
Sikhism
 
 1.25%
Christianity
 
 0.10%
Jainism
 
 0.02%
Buddhism
 
 0.01%
Not Stated
 
 0.25%
Distribution of religions

Sasaram is the 16th most populous city in bihar.

Governance
The eKiosk (Sahaj Vasudha Kendra, Jamuhar)

SAHAJ Vasudha Kendra, the first "Common Service Centre", or "eKiosk", in Rohtas District was inaugurated in Jamuhar village on 15 August 2008. The centre is currently planning to start a block information Centre, e-district plan, and Sawan Sasaram.

Lok Sabha constituency

Sasaram (Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar state in eastern India.

Vidhan Sabha constituency

Sasaram (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of 243 legislative assembly of Bihar. It is comes under Sasaram lok sabha constituency.[15]

Economy

The closure of the industries of the Dalmia Group at Dalmianagar resulted in widespread unemployment. Sasaram's economy is mainly driven by agriculture and related industries like rice polishing. The canal irrigation system is also very prominent in this area. Because of the fertile land around the town it is a local trading center for food grains, agricultural products, and agricultural equipment. The region is known as Dhan Ka Katora, meaning "a bowl of food grains". The rice grown near Sasaram is sold in the markets of Kolkata and New Delhi. The only significant industry is rock quarrying.

Transportation

Road

Sasaram is well connected both by road and railways. The NH 19 (old number: NH 2; Grand Trunk Road) passes through the city. The main mode of local transportation are buses operated by both private operators and the state government. The private buses are more frequent and connected to most of the local bazaars. NH 19 connects Delhi in the north-west via Varanasi, Mirzapur, Allahabad, Kanpur and Kolkata in East via Gaya, Dhanbad. Various state highways also connect Sasaram with Patna, the capital of Bihar (via Bikramganj, Piro, Ara), Buxar (on the bank of the holy river Ganga via Kargahar, Kochas, Rajpur).

There are also many AC buses available for Sasaram to New Delhi, Patna, Bokaro,Ranchi, Tata.

Railway

Sasaram has a big size railway junction. The station belongs to A+ class category with 8 to 9 platforms. The station has to be developed as the world-class & world heritage which is located at the centre of the city on the Grand Trunk Road. Sasaram's other stations are Shivsagar, kumahu, Nokha, Karwandiya, Pahleja and Dehri on Sone. Pahleja is developed as goods & freight centre substation.

The railway route through Sasaram is the Grand Chord line of Indian Railways, connecting Kolkata and New Delhi, and has three (2 more are under construction) railway tracks running in parallel. Another railway line connects Sasaram Junction to Patna Junction via Ara. More two railway lines are proposed to be constructed here.

Sasaram station is 101 Kilometers away from Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhaya station (Less Than 1.5 Hours) and about 120 Kilometers, or two hours journey from Varanasi, and 101 kilometres from Gaya station. Gaya station is 20 kilometres away Bodh Gaya, the most sacred place in Buddhism. Trains run from Sasaram to Kolkata, Ara, Ranchi, Patna, New Delhi, and Bikramganj, Bombay.

The trains which stop in Sasaram include Ajmer seldah, Kalka Mail, Purushottam Express, Mahabodhi Express, Ranchi Garib Rath, Kolkata Mail, Jodhpur Howrah Express, Chambal Express, Shipra Express, Chennai Egmore Express, Nandan Kanan Express, Neelanchal Express and Poorva Express, Jallianwalabagh Express, Durigana Express, Garbha Express, Dikshabhoomi Express and New Delhi- Bhagalpur Express

A direct weekly AC train had been started from Sasaram to Anand Vihar Terminal in July 2011 (22409/22410 - Sasaram - Anand Vihar Garib Rath Express). However, now this AC train runs between Gaya and Anand Vihar Terminal, still stopping at Sasaram Junction.

Airport

Sasaram has also a small and old airport called Suara Airport. A new airport is proposed to be established in near future.[16],[17]

Education

Sasaram is the sixth most literate city in Bihar, with Rohtas being the most literate district in Bihar.[18]

There are four government colleges, although many students prefer to go to more developed cities for quality education, such as Bangalore, New Delhi, Pune, Patna, Varanasi and Puducherry, for higher education. A new engineering college has been set up in the region.

This is Place is also known for preparation of competitive exams at Sasaram Railway junction.[19] According to earlier natives of this city, there was not proper electrification of city around 2007 - 2008 which hampered the studies of students seeking for competitive exams. Indian Railways had 24 hours power supply at Sasaram junction. This led a small group of students to study there at night under electric lights.

Universities

Medical Colleges

Engineering Colleges

Government Colleges
  • Shri Shankar College, Sasaram[30]
  • Sher Shah College, Sasaram[31]
  • Rohtas Mahila College, Sasaram[32]

Other Colleges
  • Hari Narain Singh Institute of Teachers Education (HNSITE)[33]
  • Sri Shankar Rajkiya Inter College[34]
  • Government Polytechnic, Dehri, Sasaram
  • Jagannath Mishra Law College, Sasaram

Major Schools
  • M. P. High School, Adda Road, Sasaram
  • Rama Rani Jain Girls High School, Choukhandi Road, Sasaram
  • Bal Vikas Vidyalaya, Tomb Road, Sasaram[35]
  • Bal Bharti Public School, Sasaram[36]
  • D.A.V. Public school, Admapur, Sasaram[37]
  • St. Paul's School, Sasaram[38]
  • St. Xavier's School, Jagdev Nagar, Nooran Ganj, Sasaram[39]
  • G.S. Residential School, Malwar Road, Sasaram[40]
  • St. Jeelani's Public School, Shahjuma, Sasaram[41]
* Pragya Niketan Public School- Falzalganj, District Rohtas (Bihar)}}

Villages

Besides the city of Sasaram itself, there are 171 villages in Sasaram block, of which 144 are inhabited and 27 are uninhabited. The total rural population of Sasaram block is 210,875, in 34,336 households.[3]

Village name Total land area (hectares) Population (in 2011)
Dhanarhi75.3745
Fatehpur55.1186
Danwarua470
Patanwan116.6454
Mosahebpur81.4879
Rasulpur87.7804
Bhikhanpura1320
Samarodiha323.31,995
Chaukhanda Chitauli140.41,408
Shivpur Chitauli44.91,146
Turki69.62,113
Lodhi48.6395
Barawan60.6820
Uttimpur Haraha330
Belthua60.8487
Banrasia55.42,585
Belarhi160.32,886
Singuhi108.11,653
Patanwan380
Kataprath270
Naugain82.1548
Khairi105.3437
Khaira112.61,421
Niranjanpur17400
Bishunpura54.70
Mahranian20.6652
Bhadokhara186.22,988
Belahar76.41,199
Sikaria1,171.94,934
Kota206.42,303
Rajokhar118.30
Ashikpur370
Hetimpur12653
Karpurwa35.72,709
Bhatarhi71.2839
Beda69.21,852
Kanserwa72.20
Lakhrawan8.80
Mohaddi Ganj44.13,240
Dhanpurwa20.41,340
Dilia33.80
Mirzapur30
Udhopur43.7136
Madaini254.9815
Sumbha70.8745
Ahrawan128.7705
Misripur56.7532
Madauria50161
Dhunan67.2708
Karam Dihri146.91,371
Tetari91.1709
Haripur24.753
Kuraich351,598
Takia8.75
Muradabad Kalan144.84,291
Muradabad Khurd154.22,310
Uchitpur1743,794
Nekara140.82,056
Neae131.11,644
Baradih121.83,202
Nimia102.4792
Kothara156.2929
Bhagwanpur93.9626
Semra80.1617
Bajila104.81,112
Gamharia67.2707
Mokar372.73,409
Agrer263.83,774
Rakasia124.21,867
Jhalkhoria50.2779
Akasi391.84,145
Kunrwa106.41,064
Pipri137.2945
Katdehri199.81,137
Gotpa228.31,961
Maudiha85.41,010
Kharaunia101.6756
Sumbha178.4830
Garara206.82,461
Rudana106.81,020
Rajekarma49.40
Babhanpurwa46.1465
Gobina891,039
Karup117.31,636
Dilia62.3856
Lok Dehri62.8686
Inaihia57.9546
Bhainsahi172.81,041
Bishunpura76.1696
Bhajea1030
Jaipur139.21,359
Nirmalpur38302
Nirmalpur72.80
Rampur2872,895
Semra148186
Bahrar1431,355
Khanra81.4588
Patia1181,476
Dumaria861,301
Kaupa Dih89624
Bajinathpur390
Gansa Dih1702,695
Chhotka Mor76.41,191
Barka Mor2011,439
Pasia Dih35433
Bara Dih121418
Basuhara89683
Nahauna2883,208
Bhorman64429
Koiria Dih360
Paisara107890
Tiwari Dih36314
Bhurekunria18341
Belwa101675
Khurhunu1781,684
Jigina178754
Tendua1011,150
Bararhi1341,507
Shahpur901,099
Bishunpur62858
Chaubea57584
Bisrampur1381,907
Karwania1313,446
Basa101.12,683
Jagdaun Dih48.6400
Durgapur87.91,057
Amra, Sasaram205.64,944
Amri, Sasaram197.45,527
Dawanpur238.42,544
Karma136538
Nima68.4580
Ghatmapur75.6821
Basantpur164.81,084
Admapur213.71,746
Gaeghat2091,481
Fazilpur123334
Gajdwahi327.82,678
Kanchanpur4802,865
Kurdaun322711
Dhankarha113.32,696
Lerua100.82,984
Mednipur146.92,084
Dhaudanr1,125.45,816
Mahua Dihra2,7130
Jawarh662.10
Palangarh580.30
Kauria850
Tendua202.7702
Murhi120.12,071
Karserua269.12,309
Gharbair269.91,344
Barui2651,238
Songawan288.62,188
Mundi Sarae1210
Molawan273.12,638
Sakas156.61,014
Dhanpurwa45.4298
Kusri127.11,417
Dubaulia25.90
Khairi35.272
Babura45707
Khaira115831
Bichhia250
Darigawan3625,964
Agni133626
Jamahath135680
Karaunia3160
Tikra1950
Ramgaraha1,1680
Goria4,072316

Notable People
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gollark: LyricLy. We all know you have extra lives via the extra citizenships.
gollark: I'd not like to be injured.
gollark: I am not in fact injured by keyboard use.
gollark: I type fast enough with QWERTY so I don't care.

References
  1. "Census of India Search details". censusindia.gov.in. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  2. https://m.jagran.com/bihar/rohtas-8960313.html
  3. "Census of India 2011: Bihar District Census Handbook - Rohtas, Part A (Village and Town Directory)". Census 2011 India. pp. 33, 41–70, 988–1059, 1191–1192. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
  4. Sanatani, Rohit Priyadarshi. "The Tomb of Salim Shah Suri (Islam Shah): The glory that never was". The Speaking Arch. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015.
  5. BLO
  6. India: An Archaeological History: Palaeolithic Beginnings to Early Histor ic ... by Dilip K. Chakrabarty p.395
  7. Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch (in Sanskrit). 1925. p. 171.
  8. Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch (in Sanskrit). 1925. pp. 169–171.
  9. Lahiri, Nayanjot (2015). Ashoka in Ancient India. Harvard University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9780674057777.
  10. "Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Grand Trunk Road". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  11. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Sasaram Archived 2008-03-11 at the Wayback Machine
  12. Climate Summary for Sasaram, India Archived 2018-01-17 at the Wayback Machine
  13. "Sasaram, India — Monthly Weather Averages Summary". weatherbase. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  14. Sasaram City Census 2011 data Archived 2016-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
  15. "Sasaram (Bihar) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019, 2014, 2009 -Sasaram Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name". Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  16. "सासाराम में बनेगा AIRPORT, विमान सेवा के लिए पर्यटन मंत्रालय ने बिहार सरकार से मांगा प्रस्ताव - Live Bihar".
  17. http://www.rohtasdistrict.com/rohtas-district-airport-in-ssm-soon/
  18. SAWAN SASARAM
  19. "Station students get a platform".
  20. http://www.gnsu.org/
  21. Gopal Narayan Singh University
  22. "Welcome to Narayan Medical College & Hospital!". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  23. "गुड न्यूज: पटना के बाद अब रोहतास में भी खुलेगा एम्स, राज्य सरकार देगी जमीन".
  24. "जनमानस की सेवा में निरंतर लगा हुआ है महात्मा फुले मेडिकल कॉलेज एवं हॉस्पिटल". 11 April 2019.
  25. http://www.scesasaram.in
  26. Shershah College of Engineering
  27. https://www.spjainsasaram.co.in Archived 2018-05-17 at the Wayback Machine
  28. "Veer Kunwar Singh University – वीर कुँवर सिंह विश्वविद्यालय, आरा बिहार – 802301". Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  29. "Varsity branch boon for pupils". Archived from the original on 5 June 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  30. http://sscollegesasaram.org Archived 2018-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
  31. "Sher Shah College, Sasaram – [ A constituent unit of Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara , Bihar ]".
  32. http://www.rmcsasaram.org/index.action
  33. http://www.hnsite.org Archived 2018-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
  34. Veer Kunwar Singh University (VKSU) Archived 2018-06-05 at the Wayback Machine
  35. "Bal Vikas Vidyalaya".
  36. "Bal Bharti Public School - Sasaram, Rohtas - Reviews, Fee Structure, Admission Form, Address, Contact, Rating - Directory".
  37. "Dav Public School".
  38. "St Paul's School Sasaram".
  39. "ST XAVIer's SCHOOL - Ward No-34, District Rohtas (Bihar)".
  40. "G.S Residential School".
  41. "SAINT JEELANI S SCHOOL - Ward No-16, District Rohtas (Bihar)".
  42. Jagjivan Ram
  43. Meira Kumar
  • Sasaram travel guide from Wikivoyage
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