Rosemary Vodrey

Rosemary Vodrey is a Canadian former politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1990 to 1999, and was a senior cabinet minister of the government of Gary Filmon.

Rosemary Vodrey
Minister of Culture, Heritage and Citizenship in the Government of Manitoba
In office
January 6, 1997 – October 5, 1999
Preceded byHarold Gilleshammer
Succeeded byDiane McGifford[1]
Minister of Justice and Attorney General with responsibility for Constitutional Affairs in the Government of Manitoba
In office
September 10, 1993 – January 6, 1997
Preceded byJames McCrae
Succeeded byVic Toews
Minister of Education and Training in the Government of Manitoba
In office
January 14, 1992 – September 10, 1993
Preceded byLen Derkach
Succeeded byClayton Manness
Minister responsible for the Status of Women in the Government of Manitoba
In office
September 10, 1993 – October 5, 1999
Preceded byBonnie Mitchelson
Succeeded byDiane McGifford
Minister responsible for Multiculturalism in the Government of Manitoba
In office
January 6, 1997 – October 5, 1999
Preceded byHarold Gilleshammer
Succeeded byBecky Barrett
Minister charged with administration of the Liquor Control Act in the Government of Manitoba
In office
January 6, 1997 – October 5, 1999
Preceded byHarold Gilleshammer
Succeeded byDiane McGifford
Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for Fort Garry
In office
1990–1999
Preceded byLaurie Evans
Succeeded byJoy Smith

Early life and career

Vodrey was born Rosemary Webster, the daughter of senior Toronto police officer Jack Webster.[2] She studied Psychology at the University of Toronto before moving to Winnipeg with her partner. Vodrey later became a school psychologist, and lectured in Home Economics at the University of Manitoba.[3]

She became politically active after befriending Gary and Janice Filmon,[4] and sought election to the Manitoba legislature in the 1988 provincial election in the central Winnipeg division of Osborne. She finished third, behind Liberal candidate Reg Alcock and incumbent New Democrat Muriel Smith.

Member of the Legislative Assembly

Vodrey ran for the legislature a second time in the 1990 provincial election, and defeated incumbent Liberal Laurie Evans in the Fort Garry division in south-central Winnipeg.[5] The Progressive Conservatives won a majority government, and Vodrey entered the legislature as a government backbencher. She faced a credible challenge from Liberal Jim Woodman in the 1995 provincial election, but was re-elected as the Filmon government won a second majority across the province.[6]

Cabinet minister

Minister of Education and Training

Vodrey was appointed to Gary Filmon's cabinet on January 14, 1992, replacing Len Derkach as Minister of Education and Training.[7] Some criticized Filmon's choice, arguing that Vodrey's decision to send her own children to private school made her an inappropriate choice to oversee the public system.[8]

Court decisions

There were two important court decisions relating to education during Vodrey's tenure as Education Minister. In August 1992, a provincial judge determined that a section of the Manitoba Public Schools Act requiring mandatory Christian prayer in the classroom was unconstitutional.[9] Manitoba was the last Canadian province to require prayer in public schools, and Vodrey did not challenge the decision.

In March 1993, the Supreme Court of Canada issued a unanimous decision requiring Manitoba to give exclusive control over French-language education to the province's francophone community. Vodrey welcomed this decision, saying that her government was already proceeding with legislation and promising that a new francophone school division would be in place by September.[10] Manitoba's francophones generally supported the framework plan that was introduced two months later.[11]

Budget cuts

The Filmon government introduced austerity measures on education in 1993, including a $16 million cut to public education funding and a 2% cap on school tax increases. Many parents opposed the cuts, while trustees criticized the cap as an encroachment on the autonomy of their boards.[12] Vodrey later rejected a request from the Manitoba Association of School Trustees (MAST) to introduce wage freezes that would absorb some of the resulting financial burden, though she did agree to a separate proposal that allowed boards not to pay their staff for as many as eight professional development days.[13] Manitoba's universities were also affected by the austerity drive, with officials at the University of Manitoba predicting layoffs and restricted access to some courses. Vodrey's decision to cap tuition increases at 5% was nevertheless described as relatively favourable to student interests.[14]

Vodrey also announced cuts to rural and northern clinician services, as well as the elimination of Manitoba's post-secondary bursary program, a 35% cut to her department's New Careers program, and a 75% surcharge on tuition fees for international students.[15] She argued that the cuts were necessary as part of her government's response to a debt crisis. Some in the media speculated that Finance Minister Clayton Manness, rather than Vodrey, was the primary instigator of this policy.[16]

Other initiatives

Vodrey unveiled a task force report on Manitoba education in April 1993, highlighted by recommendations that the province assume all costs for special-needs children and that parents be given a greater role in education. John Plohman, education critic for the opposition New Democratic Party, welcomed the report but expressed concern that many of its recommendations would never be implemented by the Filmon government.[17]

In July 1993, Vodrey established a provincial commission to review Manitoba's school division boundaries. The five-person commission was headed by former Winnipeg Mayor Bill Norrie, and was given 16 months to conduct its research. Some critics expressed concern that the commission's work would lead to fewer and larger divisions.[18]

Vodrey favoured greater cooperation with the federal government to establish national goals and standards for education.[19]

Assessments

In a June 1993 editorial, Winnipeg Free Press columnist Jim Carr described Vodrey as "perhaps the biggest disappointment" in the Filmon cabinet. He characterized her treatment of school boards as "cavalier", and wrote that she had demonstrated little interest in improving the public school system.[20] He later described her as "little more than a messenger of bad news" to school divisions and universities, while also writing that her skills might be better suited to a "less sensitive portfolio".[21]

In 1995, the Winnipeg Free Press reported that the Filmon government had quietly shifted funds away from public and post-secondary education and into private training programs and private schools between 1988 and 1993.[22]

Minister of Justice

Vodrey was promoted to Minister of Justice and Attorney General on September 10, 1993, with additional ministerial responsibility for Constitutional Affairs and the Status of Women. She was retained in these positions after the 1995 provincial election.

Criminal justice

Vodrey's first major decision as Justice Minister was to call an emergency summit of police, educators and community groups, following the fatal stabbing of a 16-year-old boy in Winnipeg.[23] The summit took place in December, and featured diverse opinions on the effectiveness of Canada's Young Offenders Act.[24] Two months after the summit, Vodrey brought forward a crime reform package that included wilderness boot camps for young offenders, increased police surveillance of gangs, violence prevention workshops, a school violence coordinator, and a youth gang and violence phone line that would both receive confidential information and provide counseling services.[25]

Vodrey's proposal for boot camps was very controversial. New Democratic Party Justice critic Gord Mackintosh described it as "a simplistic, sensational way of pandering to vengeance", while some social workers argued the camps would actually reinforce criminal behaviour.[26] Aboriginal leaders also expressed concern that these camps could have the same negative effect on native children as did the residential school system, and criticized Vodrey for not seeking input from indigenous groups.[27] Others argued that Vodrey's proposal had merit, and deserved to be given a trial run.[28] In response to criticism, Vodrey promised that the camps would be humane and non-abusive, unlike the harsh, military-style youth camps that had been introduced previously in the United States.[29] Vodrey formally opened two camps in September 1994, though opposition critics suggested that her department had simply made minor adjustments to existing youth correction services.[30]

Vodrey also introduced legislation to make parents financially liable for the property offenses of their children. Critics questioned the effectiveness of this measure, noting that many of the affected families would already be low-income.[31] The measure was passed by Vodrey's successor, Vic Toews, in 1997.

Vodrey's plan to take driver's licenses from young offenders was less controversial, and won the support of the NDP opposition.[32] She later brought forward legislation compelling parents who refuse to pay child support to lose their licenses, joint holdings, and pension credits.[33] The legislation was passed in 1995.[34] Later in the year, Manitoba's acting ombudsman reported that most of its reforms had not yet been implemented, and that no significant change had taken place in the child support system.[35] In early 1996, Vodrey introduced significant fine increases for offenses such as speeding and under-age drinking.[36]

In February 1995, Vodrey introduced a policy that allowed law enforcement agencies to publicize the names of high-risk sex offenders being released from prisons into Manitoba communities. This was believed to be the first such policy in Canada,[37] and some expressed concern that it could provoke vigilantism.[38] Vodrey also announced changes to the province's prisons in early 1995, including a ban on television during the day, fewer telephone calls, reduced visit time, and a stricter work regimen.[39]

In December 1995, Vodrey launched a provincial task force to make civil courts more responsible, accessible and efficient. Critics noted that the Manitoba Bar Association had already set up a similar task force, which included a member appointed by Vodrey's department.[40]

Relations with the federal government

As provincial Justice Minister, Vodrey often encouraged the federal government to toughen provisions of the Young Offenders Act. In 1994, she proposed that the government publicize the names of young offenders when doing so would increase public safety, lower the age of criminal responsibility below 12 for repeat and "heinous" offenders, and make parents financially liable for the property offenses of their children.[41] The government of Alberta supported Vodrey's approach, while Ontario and Quebec favoured more cautious reforms.[42] In early 1995, federal Justice Minister Allan Rock announced that he would accept Vodrey's proposal to name offenders, but would not lower the age of criminal responsibility or make parents liable.[43]

Vodrey suggested several changes to Canada's anti-stalking laws in early 1995, including a reverse-onus bail clause for alleged stalkers, a provision that stalkers who kill their victims be deemed automatically guilty of first-degree murder, and a requirement that persons convicted of stalking submit their weapons and licenses to authorities.[44] Rock's reform package, announced in late 1995, included Vodrey's recommendation for mandatory first-degree murder charges.[45] Vodrey later supported Rock's effort to increase penalties for violent and sexual offenders.[46]

Vodrey opposed the creation of the Canadian gun registry, and refused to administer the program in Manitoba.[47]

Judiciary

In December 1993, opposition parties and aboriginal groups called for an independent inquiry into complaints about controversial provincial judge Bruce McDonald. McDonald had been suspended from the bench in May 1993 after the Winnipeg Free Press ran a series of investigative articles into his handling of family law cases, drawing particular attention to prejudiced statements he had made about women and indigenous Canadians. He later resigned from the bench just as a judicial review into his conduct was scheduled to begin. Vodrey argued that McDonald's resignation obviated the need for a public review, and said that further concerns could be raised during a planned overhaul of the judicial council the following year.[48] In December 1994, Vodrey announced that future judicial reviews could be permitted to continue even if the judges in question decide to resign.[49]

The Filmon government imposed ten unpaid Fridays per year on provincial judges as a cost-cutting measure in the early 1990s. Several judges criticized this decision, arguing that it created an unacceptable backlog in the system. In July 1994, the Manitoba Provincial Judges Association filed legal papers alleging that the government had threatened to withhold a pay raise if the judges proceeded with a planned lawsuit over the matter. Vodrey declined to comment, but opposition parties accused the government of treating judges like civil servants.[50]

Vodrey appointed Judith Webster as Chief Justice of the Provincial Court of Manitoba in December 1993. Webster was the first woman to hold this position.[51]

Other

In February 1994, the federal and provincial governments joined with indigenous groups to establish a new funding formula for police services in aboriginal communities. In supporting the pact, Vodrey said that it would allow aboriginal input into the allocation of funds. Critics noted that it did not provide for the immediate restoration of native-run police agencies, most notably the Dakota Ojibway Tribal Council (DOTC) force that had been dismantled the previous year.[52] Later in the year, Vodrey signed an interim agreement to provide for the DOTC force's return.[53]

Vodrey announced a provincial gun amnesty program in May 1994, in which Manitobans were encouraged to turn in illegal firearms without fear of arrest.[54] The project yielded 500 weapons, including explosives and three machine guns.[55] Later in the same year, Vodrey granted the Brandon police force permission to carry semi-automatic handguns.[56]

On October 23, 1995, Vodrey gave Winnipeg Mayor Susan Thompson $2 million to hire forty new police officers for the city. Some skeptics noted that this event took place two days before the 1995 municipal election, in which Thompson was facing a difficult challenge from two rival candidates. Vodrey denied there was any attempt to influence the outcome of the vote.[57]

Vodrey commissioned a civil justice review task force in early 1996, to review the province's handling of divorce and child-custody cases and to prevent damage being done to spouses, children and families.[58]

Headingley Jail Riot

A serious riot broke out at Manitoba's Headingley Correctional Institution on April 25, 1996. Eight guards and about forty prisoners were injured, some seriously, as a group of inmates ransacked parts of the jail for the better part of a day. By the end of the riot, the prison had no heat or electricity and the actual building was largely destroyed.[59] Several guards later complained that staff cutbacks and unsafe working conditions were ongoing concerns in the period leading up to the violence.[60]

Vodrey announced an independent review into the riot, but rejected requests for a full-scale public inquiry.[61] Prison guards across the province subsequently went on a three-day strike, seeking both an inquiry and the resignation of several officials responsible for overseeing the prison, including Vodrey.[62] The opposition New Democratic Party also criticized Vodrey's response to the crisis, arguing that she was not forthcoming about the number of prisoners released from other prisons to alleviate overcrowding when inmates were transferred from Headingley.[63] These criticisms were reduced somewhat after Vodrey appointed respected former judge Ted Hughes to conduct the inquiry.

Hughes submitted a report in December 1996 that described Headingley as having been a social powder keg before the riot, with serious problems in both safety and labour relations. He also described Vodrey as "surprisingly" ignorant of these problems in her capacity as minister.[64] Vodrey accepted responsibility, and expressed regret that she did not know of the prevailing circumstances at the prison.[65]

Assessments

Vodrey became known for making high-profile policy announcements during her time in the Justice portfolio, and there was some speculation she would eventually be a candidate to succeed Gary Filmon as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party.[66] This speculation ended after the Headingly riot, which did serious damage to her political standing. Some Winnipeg Free Press journalists noted that street gangs and juvenile crime actually increased during the period of Filmon and Vodrey's hardline approach.[67]

Minister of Culture, Heritage and Citizenship

Vodrey was reassigned as Minister of Culture, Heritage and Citizenship on January 6, 1997. She retained ministerial responsibility for the Status of Women, and was also given responsibility for Multiculturalism and the Liquor Control Act.

In June 1997, Vodrey introduced legislation to change Manitoba's access to information rules for the provincial and municipal governments and crown corporations. She also brought forward a companion bill for the protection of personal health records, which was intended to allow Manitoba's public health system to be transferred online. Some doctors expressed concern about the latter measure, arguing that patient privacy could not be ensured.[68] The access to information bill was expected to be less controversial, but was nonetheless met with opposition from journalists and others who argued that it would reduce public access to government files, and to electronic files in particular.[69] Vodrey revised the bill in response to this criticism.[70]

Vodrey announced several cultural grants in the summer of 1997, including $1.5 million to the Franco-Manitoban Heritage Centre and $400,000 to the Portage Community Centre Inc.[71] In June 1998, she appointed a Ministerial Millennium Advisory Committee to advise on the best ways of celebrating the millennium.[72] Vodrey changed the governance structure of Manitoba Film and Sound in late 1998, establishing a nine-member board appointed by the provincial government.[73] One of her final acts in office was to oversee a financial bailout of the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra.[74]

Vodrey also oversaw Manitoba's immigration policy during her time as Minister of Culture. In 1998, the province received a $7 million funding increase for immigration from the federal government, and was given a direct role in recruitment strategies.[75] In early 1998, Vodrey and three other politicians were awarded robes of honour from Winnipeg's Sikh community.[76]

Minister responsible for the Status of Women

In 1995, Vodrey introduced a $50,000 scholarship program for women entering high-technology fields at Manitoba community colleges. Female enrollment in these programs was very low at the time.[77] In the same year, she was an official observer at the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China.[78] She announced an anti-stalking initiative in 1996, allowing Manitobans to remove their names from provincial land title documents as a means of keeping their addresses confidential.[79]

In 1996, journalist Lindor Reynolds wrote that Vodrey had a mixed record of effectiveness on women's issues. Reynolds noted that Manitoba's domestic abuse committee, started by former Justice Minister Jim McCrae, was shut down after Vodrey became Justice Minister in 1993. However, she commended Vodrey for releasing a 50-page guide entitled "Stop The Violence" that was used by women's shelters, crisis workers, doctor's offices and counselors.[80]

Minister responsible for the Manitoba Liquor Control Commission

Vodrey introduced a review of the province's four existing private wine stores in May 1997.[81] The following year, she announced that the Filmon government would begin licensing private sales throughout the province. Jim Maloway of the New Democratic Party described this as "privatization by stealth", and expressed concern that the province would eventually privatize the Liquor Control Commission.[82]

Federal politics

Vodrey was co-chair of Kim Campbell's Manitoba campaign in 1993, during her ultimately successful bid to succeed Brian Mulroney as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada.[83]

Out of politics

Vodrey announced in March 1999 that she would not be a candidate in the next provincial election.[84] She formally resigned from cabinet with the rest of the Filmon ministry on October 5, 1999. She supported Stuart Murray's successful bid to succeed Gary Filmon as Progressive Conservative leader in 2000,[85] and later endorsed Hugh McFadyen's successful campaign to succeed Murray in 2006.[86] She supported Sam Katz's campaign for re-election as Mayor of Winnipeg in 2006.[87]

Vodrey was appointed to a two-year term on the Board of Directors of the Royal Winnipeg Ballet in 2002, and was re-appointed in 2004, 2006 and 2008.[88] She has also served on the board of the Misericordia Health Centre (MHC) Foundation.[89] In 2003, Vodrey took part in a seminar entitled "Election Readiness for Women".[90]

She was appointed as the Manitoba-Saskatchewan representative on the Canada Council for the Arts in April 2009.[91]

Electoral record
1995 Manitoba general election: Fort Garry
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
     Progressive Conservative Rosemary Vodrey 5,959 48.29 +1.22 $32,899.54
LiberalJim Woodman4,43435.93−0.88$34,086.38
New DemocraticBrock Holowachuk1,85715.05+1.22$1,399.00
LibertarianAlexander Pressey910.74$124.74
Total valid votes 12,341 100.00
Rejected ballots 53
Turnout 12,394 71.16 −1.80
Registered voters 17,418
1990 Manitoba general election: Fort Garry
Party Candidate Votes%±%
Progressive ConservativeRosemary Vodrey5,10547.07+7.27
LiberalLaurie Evans3,99236.81-9.77
New DemocraticShirley Lord1,50013.83+1.88
Western IndependenceJan Mandseth2492.30+0.98
Total valid votes 10,846 100.00
Rejected ballots 17
Turnout 10,863 72.96
Registered voters 14,890
Progressive Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +8.52
1988 Manitoba general election: Osborne
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalReg Alcock4,33444.90
New DemocraticMuriel Smith2,75328.52
     Progressive Conservative Rosemary Vodrey 2,421 25.08
LibertarianClancy Smith1451.50
Turnout 9,691 78.85
Liberal gain Swing
Source: Elections Manitoba[92]
gollark: What, so if the government does something stupid you can't disagree with it?
gollark: It is hard to go around being anti-corruption if you also ban people from criticizing your government.
gollark: Which don't really work very well.
gollark: Also power-grabby.
gollark: I mostly just think that authority is often terrible at its job, corruptible and untrustworthy.

References
  1. McGifford was designated as Minister of Culture, Heritage and Tourism.
  2. Radha Krishnan, "Orchard out of hot seat", Winnipeg Free Press, 11 September 1993; Gwyn "Jocko" Thomas, "Copper Jack leaves a legacy", Toronto Star, 12 September 2000, 1; Ellis Quinn, "Police veteran 'Copper Jack' Webster", Toronto Star, 29 June 2002, B3.
  3. Bruce Owen, "Rosie Rosi", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 June 1996, B1; Frances Russell, "Row with judges shows Vodrey's flaw", Winnipeg Free Press, 9 July 1994.
  4. Shane Minkin, "Vodrey at odds with news media", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 June 1996, B4.
  5. She had completed her first year of law studies by this time. See David Roberts, "Manitoba Justice Minister proud of get-tough tactics", Globe and Mail, 18 February 1995, A4.
  6. Frances Russell and Gerald Flood, "Ridings hold hope for Grits", Winnipeg Free Press, 20 April 1995. Vodrey served as co-chair of the party's campaign management committee in 1995. See Frances Russell, "Truth lost in the shuffle", Winnipeg Free Press, 12 February 1999, A10.
  7. "Filmon replaces education minister", Toronto Star, 15 January 1992, A120. Derkach had previously been accused of interfering in the civil service hiring process.
  8. Winnipeg Free Press columnist Jim Carr would later write that Vodrey never fully recovered from this early criticism. See Jim Carr, "Dog days offer a chance to reflect on cabinet" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 7 August 1993.
  9. David Roberts, "Canada's last bastion of school prayer falls", Globe and Mail, 14 August 1992, A1.
  10. Sean Fine, "Let francophones control schooling, Manitoba ordered", Globe and Mail, 5 March 1993, A4.
  11. Don Campbell, "French division proposal on table", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 May 1993; Arlene Billinkoff, "French school battle avoided", Winnipeg Free Press, 23 May 1993.
  12. Brad Oswald, "Vodrey won't legislate teacher salary rollbacks", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 March 1993; Brad Oswold, "Santos gives MAST ultimatum", Winnipeg Free Press, 19 March 1993.
  13. Brad Oswald, "Vodrey won't legislate teacher salary rollbacks", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 March 1993; Aldo Santin, "Trustees ask Vodrey for freeze Minister says she'll refuse, but would help cut in-services", Winnipeg Free Press, 20 March 1993; Aldo Santin, "School staff face layoffs, loss of pay", Winnipeg Free Press, 21 March 1993. For an editorial sympathetic to the trustees' position, see Terry Moore, "Handcuffed trustees", '"Winnipeg Free Press, 21 March 1993.
  14. Brian Cole, "Arts enrolment to be curbed by budget, U of M dean says", Winnipeg Free Press, 27 March 1993.
  15. Aldo Santin, "Teachers target cuts in media blitz", Winnipeg Free Press, 19 March 1993; Donald Campbell, "Bursary program scrapped", Winnipeg Free Press, 5 May 1993; Don Campbell, "Job-training program cut disclosed", '"Winnipeg Free Press, 15 May 1993; Jim Carr, "Wisdom needed" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 25 October 1993. See also "Students inherit debt" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 11 May 1993; Terry Moore, "Improving student aid" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 11 May 1993.
  16. Aldo Santin, "Principals blame politicians", 12 April 1993; Jim Carr, "Some fresh old faces" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 11 September 1993.
  17. Paul Samyn, "Province unveils education report", Winnipeg Free Press, 28 April 1993.
  18. Stevens Wild, "School mergers expected", Winnipeg Free Press, 21 July 1993. See also Stevens Wild, "U of M prof condemns school review", Winnipeg Free Press, 21 July 1993.
  19. Paul Samyn, "Federal learning plan gets passing grade", '"Winnipeg Free Press, 14 April 1993. In Canada, education is traditionally the domain of the provinces.
  20. Jim Carr, "Time for a Shuffle" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 27 June 1993. Frances Russell also described Vodrey's performance as "inept". See Frances Russell, "'Teflon premier' feels heat", Winnipeg Free Press, 23 September 1993. For a different perspective, see Campbell Alexander, "In defence of Mrs. Vodrey" [letter], Winnipeg Free Press, 10 July 1993.
  21. Jim Carr, "Dog days offer a chance to reflect on cabinet" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 7 August 1993.
  22. Aldo Santin, "Revolving door at top has educators in tizzy", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 April 1995.
  23. Dan Lett, "Boy's death spurs drive for action", Winnipeg Free Press, 19 September 1993. See also Bud Robertson, "Street kids scorn summit", Winnipeg Free Press, 23 October 1993; Paul Samyn, "Summit seeks strategy to curb youth violence", Winnipeg Free Press, 4 December 1993.
  24. Randy Turner, "Youth jails bulging at seams", Winnipeg Free Press, 5 December 1993.
  25. Paul Samyn, "Vodrey tough enough?", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 February 1994. The telephone line was introduced in June of the same year. See Glen MacKenzie, "'Fink line' aims to cut youth crime", Winnipeg Free Press, 29 June 1994.
  26. Dave Bedard, "Youth boot camps not answer, social workers say", Winnipeg Free Press, 21 February 1994; Frances Russell, "U.S. boot camps don't work", Winnipeg Free Press, 15 March 1994; Frances Russell, "Boot camps not the answer", Winnipeg Free Press, 5 April 1994.
  27. Jon Jenkins, "Natives demand input into boot-camp plans", Winnipeg Free Press, 24 February 1994; Tom Brodbeck, "Natives 'miffed' at minister for not asking about boot camps", Winnipeg Free Press, 21 May 1994.
  28. Terry Moore, "Give boot camp a try" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 22 February 1994; Fred Cleverley, "Getting a break in a boot camp", Winnipeg Free Press, 11 April 1994. See also David Vienneau, "Army-style boot camp a cure for teen thugs, Manitoba says", Toronto Star, 24 March 1994, A14; David Roberts, "Manitoba marching toward 'boot camps'", Globe and Mail, 27 April 1994, A1.
  29. Maureen Houston, "Humane boot camps' vowed", Winnipeg Free Press, 14 May 1994; Terry Moore, "The bootie camps" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 19 May 1994.
  30. Paul Wiecek, "Kids off to camp - and it won't be fun, Vodrey vows", Winnipeg Free Press, 16 September 1994; Paul Samyn, "Boot camps kicked about", Winnipeg Free Press, 5 October 1994. In mid-1995, Mackintosh argued that few of Vodrey's youth crime initiatives had actually been implemented. See Alice Krueger, "Vodrey scolded on crime", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 August 1995, B3; Alice Krueger, "Crime-busting phantoms hit", Winnipeg Free Press, 15 November 1995, A9. During the same period, Vodrey also closed down a Teen Adventure Groups program for delinquents and at-risk youth. Some had credited this wilderness-activity based program with improving the lives of participants. See Allison Bray, "Teens learned to trust until program dumped", Winnipeg Free Press, 14 January 1996, A1.
  31. Paul Samyn, "Parents will pay for crime", Winnipeg Free Press, 26 May 1996, A1; Ruth Teichrob, "Vodrey's new law won't help anyone" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 2 June 1996, B2; Michael Fitz-James, "The sins of the child visited upon the parents ", Financial Post, 18 June 1996, p. 12; Robert Sheppard, "The parent trap", Globe and Mail, 3 July 1996, A13.
  32. Paul Samyn and Stevens Wild, "Punks walk in Tories' plan", Winnipeg Free Press, 8 April 1994.
  33. Car thieves and vandals were also targeted. Paul Samyn, "Rip off car, lose licence", Winnipeg Free Press, 23 June 1994; Alice Krueger, "Deadbeat parents targeted Vodrey proposes tough penalties", Winnipeg Free Press, 19 January 1995. The NDP also supported this proposal, but expressed concern that Vodrey did not provide for automatic financial deductions. See Alice Krueger, "Mothers applaud Vodrey", Winnipeg Free Press, 19 January 1995.
  34. Ruth Teichrob, "The best intentions", Winnipeg Free Press, 24 March 1995; Alice Krueger, "Tories revive maintenance bill", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 June 1995, B2; Linda Quatrain, "Single parents upset unchanged bill", Winnipeg Free Press, 22 June 1995, B2; Alice Krueger, "Tough new measures target deadbeat parents", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 July 1995, B6.
  35. Alice Krueger, "Deadbeat collection under fire", Winnipeg Free Press, 4 December 1995, A1.
  36. "Manitoba hiking car fines", Globe and Mail, 12 April 1996, N6.
  37. Alice Krueger, "Sexual predators targeted", Winnipeg Free Press, 9 February 1995; Alice Krueger, "Panel has broad powers", Winnipeg Free Press, 9 February 1995; Jim Carr, "A response to fear" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 10 February 1995.
  38. Frances Russell, "Vodrey invites vigilantism" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 16 February 1995; David Roberts, "Manitoba Justice Minister proud of get-tough tactics", Globe and Mail, 18 February 1995, A4.
  39. Allison Bray, "From country club to budget hotel?", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 February 1995. The executive director of the John Howard Society of Manitoba criticized the initiative, arguing that it would do nothing to reduce recidivism.
  40. Paul Samyn, "Second look at court reform", Winnipeg Free Press, 7 December 1995, A4.
  41. Paul Samyn, "Talking tough on punks", Winnipeg Free Press, 23 March 1994.
  42. "Split won't halt changes in youth law", Hamilton Spectator, 25 March 1994, A3.
  43. Paul Samyn, "Rock rejects plans for tougher laws Vodrey's anti-stalking push turned away", Winnipeg Free Press, 26 January 1995. Vodrey had criticized Rock's changes to the Young Offenders Act the previous year, describing them as inadequate. See Ross Howard, "Youth rehabilitation loses priority", Globe and Mail, 3 June 1994, A1.
  44. Stephen Bindman, "Anti-stalking law to be beefed up: Manitoba views spark changes", Toronto Star, 16 January 1995, A1; Paul Samyn and Dan Lett, "Tougher stalking laws studied", Winnipeg Free Press, 17 January 1995; Glen MacKenzie, "System criticized in deaths", Winnipeg Free Press, 23 January 1995.
  45. Dan Lett, "Feds to stiffen penalty for stalkers who kill", Winnipeg Free Press, 14 December 1995, B5.
  46. Dan Lett, "Grits target worst cons", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 September 1996, A1.
  47. Paul Samyn, "Vodrey backs gun owners", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 November 1994; Frances Russell, "Anti-gun law ministers fire blanks", Winnipeg Free Press, 13 May 1995; Dan Lett, "Just say no to registration", Winnipeg Free Press, 28 September 1995, A11; Brian Laghi, "Provinces fight gun registry", Globe and Mail, 27 September 1996, A1.
  48. Ruth Teichrob, "Case closed, Vodrey says", Winnipeg Free Press, 8 December 1993; Ruth Teichrob, "Growing outrage over judicial inaction spurs call for probe", Winnipeg Free Press, 15 December 1993; Ruth Teichrob, "Ex-chief judge sparks new calls for investigation", Winnipeg Free Press, 24 December 1993.
  49. Kevin Rollason, "Judges won't escape inquiries, Vodrey says", Winnipeg Free Press, 29 December 1994.
  50. Paul Samyn, "Tories accused of attempt to blackmail, stifle judges", Winnipeg Free Press, 5 July 1994; Kevin Rollason, "Judges censure province, Winnipeg Free Press, 5 July 1994.
  51. Paul Samyn, "Webster named chief judge", Winnipeg Free Press, 16 December 1993.
  52. "Police pact faulty: MLA Native-run forces needed, Grit says", Winnipeg Free Press, 10 February 1994; "Chiefs warn lives at risk", Winnipeg Free Press, 15 February 1994.
  53. Don Langford, "Reserves to receive police service 'soon'", Winnipeg Free Press, 13 April 1994.
  54. "Province to announce gun amnesty", Winnipeg Free Press, 19 May 1994.
  55. "3 machine-guns, explosives all part of gun-amnesty yield", Winnipeg Free Press, 6 December 1994.
  56. "New police guns", Winnipeg Free Press, 22 September 1994.
  57. Nick Martin, "Vodrey's gift for mayor raises eyebrows", Winnipeg Free Press, 24 October 1995, A1; Jim Carr, "We're not that dumb", Winnipeg Free Press, 25 October 1995, A10.
  58. Bruce Owen, "Forum to seek ways to ease pain", Winnipeg Free Press, 8 April 1996, A2.
  59. David Roberts, "Police end riot at Manitoba jail; 8 guards injured", Globe and Mail, 27 April 1996, A1.
  60. Randy Turner, "Angry guards fear inmates will strike again", Winnipeg Free Press, 30 April 1996, A1.
  61. Paul Samyn, "Vodrey orders inquiry into riot", Winnipeg Free Press, 30 April 1996, A4.
  62. Linda Quattrin, "Angry jail guards walk out", Winnipeg Free Press, 5 May 1996, A1; David Roberts, "Manitoba guards refusing to work RCMP officers staff 7 prisons", Globe and Mail, 7 May 1996, A1; Allison Bray, "Guards say concerns real, ignored too long", Winnipeg Free Press, 7 May 1996, A2.
  63. Bruce Owen, "Rosie Rosi", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 June 1996, B1; Shane Minkin, "Vodrey at odds with news media", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 June 1996, B4; Paul Samyn, "Judges left in the dark after riot", Winnipeg Free Press, 10 October 1996, A5.
  64. Alice Krueger, "Vodrey admits some regrets", Winnipeg Free Press, 10 December 1996, A4.
  65. David Roberts, "Attack roots of crime, report on prison riot urges", Globe and Mail, 10 December 1996, A10.
  66. Jim Carr, "Post-Filmon era beckons" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 28 July 1994; David Roberts, "Manitoba Justice Minister proud of get-tough tactics", Globe and Mail, 18 February 1995, A4; Paul Samyn, "Filmon cabinet to get facelift", Winnipeg Free Press, 26 April 1995.
  67. Brian Cole, "Preventing crime" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 7 February 1997, A14.
  68. Alice Krueger, "Bill broadens access to information", Winnipeg Free Press, 6 June 1997, A4.
  69. Alice Krueger, "Information access bill alarms group", Winnipeg Free Press, 20 June 1997, A3; Tom Oleson, "Shameful legislation" [editorial], Winnipeg Free Press, 23 June 1997, A6; Alice Krueger, "Citizens argue Bill 50 bad for democracy", Winnipeg Free Press, 24 June 1997, A3; David Roberts, "Manitoba bill still flawed, critics say", Globe and Mail, 25 June 1997, A9.
  70. Fred Vallance-Jones, "Access to information", Media Magazine, Spring 1998, accessed 20 November 1998.
  71. "Heritage centre ground broken at building site", Winnipeg Free Press, 3 July 1997, A5; Bud Robertson, "Portage centre to get $400,000 from province", Winnipeg Free Press, 14 August 1997, A7.
  72. "Manitobans to mull over the millennium", Winnipeg Free Press, 6 June 1998, A4. See also "Advisory Council seeks ideas for projects to mark millennium" [government press release], M2Presswire, 6 January 1999; "Province budgets $10M for millennium", Winnipeg Free Press, 8 May 1999, A11.
  73. Paul McKie, "Nine-member board named to run Manitoba film industry", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 September 1998, A4.
  74. "Tories make good on WSO bailout", Winnipeg Free Press, 7 July 1999, 6.
  75. "Manitoba gets boost on immigration", Winnipeg Free Press, 29 June 1998, A1.
  76. Claudia Garcia, "Sikhs honour 4 politicians", Winnipeg Free Press, 12 January 1998, A4.
  77. Paul Samyn, "Province willing to pay for 50 high-tech women", Winnipeg Free Press, 5 January 1995.
  78. Alice Krueger, "Manitobans take views to Beijing", Winnipeg Free Press, 22 August 1995, A10.
  79. Paul Samyn, "Land titles access altered in bid to thwart stalkers", Winnipeg Free Press, 8 March 1996, A8.
  80. Lindor Reynolds, "Guide may save victims of violence", Winnipeg Free Press, 8 March 2008, A4.
  81. Alice Krueger, "Gov't denies it is looking at privatizing liquor stores", Winnipeg Free Press, 26 May 1997, A3.
  82. Doug Nairne, "MLCC uncorks wine sales", Winnipeg Free Press, 17 July 1998, A1.
  83. Larry Kusch, "Supporters crank up Manitoba campaign", '"Winnipeg Free Press, 27 March 1993.
  84. "Vodrey won't seek re-election", Globe and Mail, 18 March 1999, A7; Doug Nairne, "Vodrey jumps Tory ship", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 March 1999, A5.
  85. David Kuxhaus, "Conservative establishment pins its hopes on Murray", Winnipeg Free Press, 31 March 2000, A1.
  86. Mia Rabson, "McFadyen makes it official", Winnipeg Free Press, 24 February 1996, A11.
  87. "Who's got mayoral candidates' backs?", Winnipeg Free Press, 20 September 2006, B2.
  88. Morley Walker, "RWB recovers financial footing with $800 surplus", Winnipeg Free Press, 25 September 2002, D7; "Royal Winnipeg Ballet", Winnipeg Free Press, 25 September 2006, B5.
  89. Annie Buckland, "Out there", Winnipeg Free Press, 19 December 2003, B3.
  90. Leah Janzen, "A course in politics for women", Winnipeg Free Press, 19 November 2003, B4.
  91. "Vodrey leaves RWB for Canada Council", Winnipeg Free Press, 6 May 2009, D2.
  92. "Historical Summary" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-11-29.
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