Roll Over Beethoven

"Roll Over Beethoven" is a 1956 hit single written by Chuck Berry, originally released on Chess Records, with "Drifting Heart" as the B-side. The lyrics of the song mention rock and roll and the desire for rhythm and blues to replace classical music. The title of the song is an imperative directed at the composer Ludwig van Beethoven to roll over in his grave in reaction to the new genre of music that Berry was promoting. The song has been covered by many other artists, including the Beatles and the Electric Light Orchestra. Rolling Stone magazine ranked it number 97 on its list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".[2]

For the television series, see Roll Over Beethoven (TV series).

"Roll Over Beethoven"
A-side label of US single
Single by Chuck Berry
from the album Chuck Berry Is on Top
B-side"Drifting Heart"
ReleasedMay 1956 (1956-05)
RecordedApril 16, 1956[1]
GenreRock and roll
Length2:23
LabelChess #1626
Songwriter(s)Chuck Berry
Producer(s)Leonard Chess, Phil Chess
Chuck Berry singles chronology
"No Money Down"
(1955)		 "Roll Over Beethoven"
(1956)		 "Too Much Monkey Business"
(1956)

Inspiration and lyrics

According to Rolling Stone[3] and Cub Koda of AllMusic,[4] Berry wrote the song in response to his sister Lucy always using the family piano to play classical music when Berry wanted to play popular music. It was, as biographer Bruce Pegg says, "inspired in part by the rivalry between his sister Lucy's classical music training and Berry's own self-taught, rough-and-ready music preference".[5] The lyric "roll over Beethoven and tell Tchaikovsky the news" refers to how classical composers would roll over in their graves upon hearing that classical music had given way to rock and roll.

In addition to the classical composers Ludwig van Beethoven and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, the lyrics mention or allude to several popular artists: "Early in the Mornin'" is the title of a Louis Jordan song; "Blue Suede Shoes" refers to the Carl Perkins song; and "hey diddle diddle", from the nursery rhyme "The Cat and the Fiddle", is an indirect reference to the Chess recording artist Bo Diddley, who was an accomplished violin player. Although the lyrics mention "rocking" and "rolling", the music that the classics are supposed to step aside for is referred to as "rhythm and blues". The lyric "a shot of rhythm and blues" was appropriated as the title of a song recorded by Arthur Alexander and others.

Recording

The song was recorded on April 16, 1956 in Chicago, Illinois.

The session was produced by the Chess brothers, Leonard and Phil. The song was released as Chess single 1626.[6]

Release

Berry's version was originally released as a single by Chess Records in May 1956, with "Drifting Heart" as the B-side.[7] It peaked at number two on the Billboard R&B chart and number 29 on the pop chart. "Roll Over Beethoven" and three other Berry songs were included on the album Rock, Rock, Rock, promoted as the soundtrack of the film of the same name, but only four of the 12 songs on the album were used in the film.

"Roll Over Beethoven" has been released numerous times on compilation albums, including Chuck Berry Twist and The Chess Box.

Legacy

Berry's single was one of 50 recordings chosen in 2003 by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry. In 2004, "Roll Over Beethoven" was ranked number 97 on Rolling Stone's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". The accompanying review stated that it "became the ultimate rock & roll call to arms, declaring a new era".

The opening guitar solo sounds similar to Berry's most famous hit, "Johnny B. Goode". The sheet music for the two songs is very similar.[8] Koda calls it a "masterpiece" that helped to define rock and roll.[4]

Cover versions
"Roll Over Beethoven"
Cover of the song's sheet music
Song by the Beatles
from the album With the Beatles
Released22 November 1963
Recorded30 July 1963
VenueEMI, London
GenreRock and roll
Length2:48
LabelParlophone
Songwriter(s)Chuck Berry
Producer(s)George Martin

"Roll Over Beethoven" is one of the most widely covered songs in popular music – "a staple of rock and roll bands", according to Koda[4] – with notable versions by Jerry Lee Lewis, the Beatles, and Electric Light Orchestra.

The Beatles

"Roll Over Beethoven" was a favourite of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison even before they chose "the Beatles" as their name, and they continued to perform it right into their American tours of 1964. Their version of "Roll Over Beethoven" was recorded on July 30, 1963, for their second British LP, With the Beatles, and features Harrison on vocals and guitar.[9][10] In the United States, it was released April 10, 1964, as the opening track of The Beatles' Second Album.[11] and May 11, 1964, as the opening track of the second Capitol EP, "Four by the Beatles". It was released by Capitol in Canada with "Please Mister Postman" as the B-side. This release reached number 68 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100[12] and number 30 on the Cash Box Singles chart.[13] In Sweden, it peaked at number 11 on the Kvällstoppen Chart.[14]

In 1994, the Beatles released a live version of "Roll Over Beethoven" on Live at the BBC. This version had been recorded on February 28, 1964, and broadcast on March 30, 1964, as part of a BBC series starring the Beatles called From Us to You.[15] This version of "Roll Over Beethoven" was used in the film Superman III, directed by Richard Lester, who also directed the Beatles' first two films, A Hard Day's Night and Help!. The following year, a live version from an October 1963 performance at the Karlaplansstudion in Stockholm was released on Anthology 1.

The Rutles' song "Blue Suede Schubert" is a nod to The Beatles' cover of this song.

Personnel

Electric Light Orchestra
"Roll Over Beethoven"
Single by Electric Light Orchestra
from the album ELO 2
B-side"Queen of the Hours"
Released12 January 1973 (UK)
27 January 1973 (US)
Recorded1972
StudioAIR, London
GenreRock and roll, symphonic rock, progressive rock,[16] glam rock[17]
Length8:09 (US album version)
7:03 (UK album version)
4:32 (Single version)
3:42 (US promo single version)
LabelHarvest
Songwriter(s)Chuck Berry/Ludwig van Beethoven
Producer(s)Jeff Lynne
Electric Light Orchestra singles chronology
"10538 Overture"
(1972)		 "Roll Over Beethoven"
(1973)		 "Showdown"
(1973)
ELO 2 track listing
5 tracks
Side one
  1. "In Old England Town (Boogie No. 2)"
  2. "Momma"
  3. "Roll Over Beethoven"
Side two
  1. "From the Sun to the World (Boogie No. 1)"
  2. "Kuiama"

Electric Light Orchestra's (ELO) elaborate eight-minute reworking of "Roll Over Beethoven", on the album ELO 2 in 1973, included an opening musical quote from Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and clever interpolations of material from the symphony's first movement into Berry's song. This became one of ELO's signature songs and has been used to close the majority of their concerts. "Roll Over Beethoven" was the second single released by the band, in January 1973, and became their second consecutive top ten hit in the UK. An edited version of the track from ELO 2 was a #42 hit in the United States.

ELO perform "Roll Over Beethoven" at the Genting Arena

Chicago radio superstation WLS, which gave the song much airplay, ranked "Roll Over Beethoven" as the 89th most popular hit of 1973.[18] It reached as high as number 8 (for two weeks) on their surveys of September 1 and 8, 1973.[19] The song reached number six on the competing station WCFL.[20]

Chart performance

Iron Maiden

Iron Maiden recorded "Roll Over Vic Vella", an adaptation of the Berry song, with new lyrics (written by Steve Harris) about Vella, the band's longtime tour manager. It was released as the B-side of their single "From Here to Eternity".

Narvel Felts

Narvel Felts covered the song in 1982. His version went to number 64 on the Hot Country Singles chart in 1982.[30]

The Velaires

In 1961, the Flairs (not to be confused with the doo-wop group) recorded a version unsuccessfully. Later that year, they changed their name to the Velaires and signed with Jamie Records, and released it again. It quickly reached number one in Los Angeles. They had also been given the opportunity to perform it on the television program American Bandstand.

Pat Wayne and the Beachcombers (with Jimmy Page)

A 1964 version by Pat Wayne and the Beachcombers is noteworthy because of the involvement of the guitarist Jimmy Page, later of The Yardbirds and Led Zeppelin. It was re-released in 1989 as part of the compilation Jimmy Page: Session Man.

Paul Shaffer and The World's Most Dangerous Band

In 1992 Paul Shaffer and The World's Most Dangerous Band recorded a version of the song as the main theme for the feature film Beethoven.

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References
  1. 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Chuck Berry (CD). Chuck Berry. MCA Records. 1999. MCAD-11944.CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-17.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "Rolling Stone Review of "Roll Over Beethoven"". Retrieved June 17, 2011.
  4. ""AMG Review of Chuck Berry's "Roll Over Beethoven"". Retrieved June 17, 2011.
  5. Brown Eyed Handsome Man, p. 58.
  6. Berry, Chuck, Chuck Berry: The Anthology, CD, 088 1120304-2, MCA Records, Chess, 2000, liner notes
  7. Rudolph, Dietmar. "A Collector's Guide to the Music of Chuck Berry: The Chess Era (1955–1966)". Retrieved March 1, 2007.
  8. "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". New York: Rolling Stone. December 9, 2004. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
  9. Mark Lewisohn (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions. New York: Harmony Books. pp. 34, 37. ISBN 0-517-57066-1.
  10. "Show 5 - Hail, Hail, Rock 'n' Roll: The rock revolution gets underway. [Part 1] : UNT Digital Library". Digital.library.unt.edu. August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  11. Mark Lewisohn (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions. p. 201.
  12. Whitburn, Joel (2011). Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research. p. 67. ISBN 0898201888.
  13. Hoffmann, Frank (1983). The Cash Box Singles Charts, 1950–1981. Metuchen, New Jersey, and London: The Scarecrow Press. p. 34.
  14. "Swedish Charts 1962–March 1966/Kvällstoppen – Listresultaten vecka för vecka > Juni 1964" (PDF) (in Swedish). hitsallertijden.nl. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  15. Live at the BBC (booklet). The Beatles. London: Apple Records. 1994. 31796.CS1 maint: others (link)
  16. Bruce Eder. "Electric Light Orchestra II - Electric Light Orchestra | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  17. "34 Essential Glam Songs". stereogum.com. January 5, 2017.
  18. "The WLS Big 89 of 1973". Wlshistory.com.
  19. "wls090873". Users.qwest.net. September 8, 1973. Archived from the original on October 9, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  20. "wcfl730901". Oldiesloon.com. September 1, 1973. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  21. Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, NSW: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  22. Canada, Library and Archives (July 17, 2013). "Image : RPM Weekly". bac-lac.gc.ca.
  23. Hung, Steffen. "Discografie Electric Light Orchestra". dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  24. "charts.de - Electric Light Orchestra". charts.de. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  25. "Electric Light Orchestra". Offfical Charts Company. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  26. "Electric Light Orchestra - Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  27. Hawtin, Steve. "Song artist 171 - Electric Light Orchestra". Tsort.info. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
  28. http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=9481& Bac-lac.gc.ca
  29. Whitburn, Joel (1999). Pop Annual. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. ISBN 0-89820-142-X.
  30. Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research. p. 143. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
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