Robert Connell (politician)

Robert Connell (1871–1957) was a Scottish-Canadian Anglican priest and politician in British Columbia. He was the first leader of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation party in British Columbia (now the British Columbia New Democratic Party).


Robert Connell
1st Leader of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, British Columbia Section
In office
1933–1939
Preceded byNew office
Succeeded byHarold Winch
British Columbia Leader of the Opposition
In office
1933–1937
MonarchGeorge VI
PremierDuff Pattullo
Lieutenant Governor
Preceded byDuff Pattullo
Succeeded byFrank Porter Patterson
Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
In office
1933–1937
ConstituencyVictoria City
Personal details
Born1871
Liverpool, England
Died1957 (aged 8586)
Nationality
  • Canadian
  • Scottish
Political party
Spouse(s)
Janie Hodson
(
m. 1898)
[1]
Home townAround Glasgow, Scotland
Ecclesiastical career
ReligionChristianity (Anglican)
ChurchChurch of England in Canada
Ordained
  • 1895 (deacon)
  • 1896 (priest)
Offices held
Archdeacon of Comox

Born in Liverpool, England, to Scottish parents and raised around Glasgow, Scotland, Connell worked for a shipping company before coming to Canada at the age of 17.[2] After seven years working in various jobs he moved to Calgary to train to become a Church of England minister. He was ordained a deacon in 1895 a priest in 1896 and moved to Victoria, British Columbia, in 1901 after several years of mission work in Alberta. He served as a vicar in various parishes (including two years in California) before retiring from the pulpit in 1923.[3]

Connell was also involved with education occasionally teaching art at a private boys' school and botany at Victoria High School.[4] He also wrote a weekly column on nature and geology for the Victoria Daily Times and later the Victoria Daily Colonist.[4]

In 1932, Connell joined the League for Social Reconstruction and also became leader the BC Reconstruction Party[5] formed by some supporters of the LSR in British Columbia. The short-lived party quickly joined the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation after it was formed in August of the same year.[3]

Connell agreed to run for the provincial legislature as a CCF candidate in the 1933 provincial election, the new party won seven seats, including Connell's Victoria City riding. With the collapse of the governing Conservative Party, which was in such disarray it decided not to run any candidates, and the election of a Liberal government the CCF found itself as the official opposition in the British Columbia legislature. The party caucus met and named Connell as Leader of the Opposition.[3]

Connell was a fervent believer of the social gospel movement.[4] He was a moderate when compared to many more radical members of the party, including a majority of the party executive and much of the caucus, many who came to the CCF from the Socialist Party of Canada (SPC). The SPC which had co-founded the CCF in BC and remained in existence as a distinct entity.[3] Connell urged co-operation with the Liberals and Conservatives on certain issues and was criticized by CCFers such as T. Guy Sheppard for refusing to call for a general strike against the Liberal government of Duff Pattullo.[6] He also was the target of criticism for his opposition to class-based politics in the pages of the SPC's newspaper, The BC Clarion.[3]

Tensions between Connell and the left wing of the party emerged publicly when he stood up in the legislature to denounce the radical language of fellow CCF MP Ernest Winch who had given a speech on the merits of communism.[3] At the 1936 party convention, Connell survived a vote of non-confidence in his leadership by a margin of 138–76.[7] Connell's leadership again came under fire when he publicly opposed a resolution in favour of socializing banking and credit several weeks after it was approved. In July 1936, he issued a statement to the party executive and to the media revoking his support for the party platform approved by the convention three weeks earlier.[3] The policy disagreement, which came to be known as the "Connell Affair" brought to a head a conflict in the party between moderates such as Connell and "revolutionary" Marxists such as Winch. Connell was expelled from the party in August and he promptly formed a new political party, the "Social Constructives" with three fellow MLAs from the CCF's seven-person caucus – Jack Price, R. B. Swailes, and Ernest Bakewell. Also joining Connell was Victor Midgely, former leader of the One Big Union, and Bill Pritchard, editor and owner of The Commonwealth. Pritchard's defection left the BC CCF without a party newspaper.[8]

With four MLAs in Connell's new "Social Constructive" caucus versus three remaining in the CCF, Connell was able to retain his position as Leader of the Official Opposition for the remainder of the life of the legislature.[3]

The "Social Constructives" stood 14 candidates (out of a possible 48) in the 1937 general election but failed to win any seats.[3] The party received 8,086 votes to the CCF's 119,400.[9]

With the end of his political career, Connell returned to ecclesiastical work, becoming Archdeacon of Comox in 1940.[10]

References

Footnotes

  1. Price 2006, p. 7.
  2. Price 2006, p. 5.
  3. Price 2006.
  4. Price 2006, p. 10.
  5. Gidluck 2012, p. 64.
  6. Price 2006, pp. 34–36.
  7. Price 2006, pp. 38–39.
  8. Howard 1992, pp. 183–184.
  9. Price 2006, p. 48.
  10. Price 2006, pp. 49–50.

Bibliography

Gidluck, Lynn (2012). Visionaries, Crusaders, and Firebrands: The Idealistic Canadians Who Built the NDP. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company. ISBN 978-1-4594-0053-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Howard, Irene (1992). The Struggle for Social Justice in British Columbia: Helena Gutteridge, the Unknown Reformer. Vancouver: UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-0425-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Price, Christine (2006). "A Very Conservative Radical": Reverend Robert Connell's Encounter with Marxism in the BC CCF (MA thesis). Burnaby, British Columbia: Simon Fraser University. Retrieved 26 May 2019.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Further reading

Wickerson, Gordon (1973). Conflict in the British Columbia Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and the "Connell Affair" (MA thesis). Vancouver: University of British Columbia.
Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
Preceded by
James Harry Beatty
Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia
for Victoria City

1933–1937
Served alongside: Herbert Anscomb, John Hart, and Boss Johnson
Succeeded by
Herbert Anscomb
Preceded by
Reginald Hayward
Succeeded by
John Hart
Preceded by
Joshua Hinchcliffe
Succeeded by
Joseph Douglas Hunter
Preceded by
Harold Despard Twigg
Succeeded by
William Thomas Straith
Political offices
Preceded by
Duff Pattullo
Leader of the Opposition
in the British Columbia Legislature

1933–1937
Succeeded by
Royal Maitland
Party political offices
New office Leader of the Co-operative Commonwealth
Federation, British Columbia Section

1933–1939
Succeeded by
Harold Winch
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