Riverdale, Chicago

Riverdale is one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago, Illinois and is located on the city's far south side.

This article is about the Chicago community area. For the adjacent Cook County village, see Riverdale, Illinois.
Riverdale
Community area
Community Area 54 - Riverdale
Altgeld Gardens Homes is located in Riverdale.
Location within the city of Chicago
Coordinates: 41°39.6′N 87°36.6′W
CountryUnited States
StateIllinois
CountyCook
CityChicago
Neighborhoods
List
Area
 • Total3.36 sq mi (8.70 km2)
Population
 (2015)
 • Total7,090[1]
Demographics 2015[1]
 • White1.09%
 • Black94.16%
 • Hispanic3.92%
 • Asian0.37%
 • Other0.47%
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes
parts of 60628, 60633, 60827
Median income$14,846[1]
Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services

As originally designated by the Social Science Research Committee at the University of Chicago and officially adopted by the City of Chicago, the Riverdale community area extends from 115th Street south to the city boundary at 138th Street and from the Illinois Central Railroad tracks east to the Bishop Ford Freeway.

History

The first non-native settler in the area was David Perriam who, in 1837, claimed land north of the horseshoe bend in the Calumet River in an area referred to as Wildwood. This land was later acquired by Colonel James H. Bowen who was instrumental in construction of the Cal-Sag canal connecting the Calumet River to the Illinois River. After he lost his home in the Chicago Fire, Bowen moved to Wildwood and made this a palatial summer home where Chicago's elite gathered in the 1870s.[2] Another early resident, George Dolton, settled near the Calumet River by the Chicago-Thornton Road (today's Indiana Avenue). He operated a chain ferry across the river. Levi Osterhoudt operated a tavern/road house at 133rd and Thornton Road from 1840 and the area became known as the Riverdale Crossing. In 1842, Dolton and Osterhoudt replaced the ferry with a toll bridge and called it the "Dolton Bridge.[3]

In 1849, the Dolton family leased 50 acres of farmland on the north bank of the Calumet River to John Ton, a Dutch immigrant who was one of the founding fathers of the new settlement of Roseland to the north. Ton was an abolitionist who operated a station on the Underground Railroad from this site until the Civil War.[4]

Kensington station on the Illinois Central Railroad in 1852 at what is now the north tip of the Riverdale community area.

The north end of Riverdale is more closely aligned with Roseland both historically and culturally. In 1852, the Illinois Central Railroad opened a station at 115th Street where the Michigan Central Railroad joined the ICRR tracks calling it the Calumet Station, later renamed, "Kensington" after the palace and gardens in London.

In 1880, George Pullman began constructing his model city just north of 115th Street. At Kensington, a small settlement of stores, boarding houses and saloons sprang up to serve the construction crews and immigrant tradesmen who came to work at the Pullman shops. The notorious saloons prompted the modest Dutchmen of nearby Roseland to nickname Kensington, "Bumtown." Riverdale was annexed into Chicago in 1889.

In the aftermath of the Pullman Strike in 1894, hiring practices in the area opened up bringing many new industries to the area. Italian Americans flourished working not only at Pullman but Illinois Terra Cotta and other nearby industries.[5] The Pullman Land Association operated the Pullman Farm on the west bank of Lake Calumet. The farm was fertilized by sewage waste from the town of Pullman. The Calumet Paint Company started operations in an abandoned church between Pullman and the lake. It was later acquired by the Sherwin-Williams Company and grew to one of the largest paint factories in America. Other employers in the area included the Swift and Knickerbocker ice plants, Chicago Drop Forge, Acme Steel, Riverdale Distillery and construction material companies providing bricks and lumber to the area.

By the 1940s, more people worked in Riverdale than lived there but that was about to change. In 1945, the Chicago Housing Authority began the massive effort to build low cost housing for veterans returning from the War. Altgeld Gardens, the Philip Murray Homes and the Pacesetter section west of the Calumet River provided low rent and Section 8 housing. Riverdale's population grew to over 15,000 by 1970.[6] Services were overtaxed or completely lacking, with city water and sewer service finally connected in 1980. Carver High School at 131st and Doty Road transitioned into a military school, and efforts to shift the school population to nearby Roseland have led to sporadic gang violence.[7]

In 1953, Illinois established the Chicago Regional Port District to coordinate with the opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway to deep water ships. The Port of Chicago was moved from Navy Pier to Lake Calumet.[8] The lake was converted to a deep water turning basin linked to huge grain elevators, petroleum storage tanks, and public and rail terminals. The port opened to great fanfare in 1958 but never fully realized its expected potential.

In the 1960s and 1970s, the area's industries began to close and the population became predominantly African American. The Pullman-Standard plant, once the employment center of the area, produced its last railcar in 1981. Acme Steel, which employed almost 1,200 workers in 1929, has been shuttered several times. The Sherwin Williams paint factory closed in 1980 and was torn down. In Kensington, Saint Salomea Church, a vestige of European immigrants, now houses the Salem Baptist Church. In 1998, several precincts in Kensington voted to ban the sale of alcohol making the once famous "Bumtown" dry.

Currently, the area has the highest "hardship index" of any Chicago community area.[9]

Neighborhoods

South of Kensington and north of 130th Street is the massive Calumet Water Reclamation Plant operated by the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago. It treats wastewater from areas of Chicago and the south suburbs totalling approximately 300 square miles and is the oldest of seven such facilities in the region.[10] Over half of Riverdale's area is made up of the water reclamation plant, rail yards, land fills and industrial sites.[11] In addition to these industrial usages, the community area houses a number of residential neighborhoods.

Altgeld Gardens

Named for the Altgeld Garden Homes, a CHA public housing project. A 1978 survey of Chicago residents performed by the Department of Planning gives the neighborhood boundaries for the Altgeld Gardens neighborhood as 130th Street in the north to the Calumet River in the south, and from approximately Langley Ave. in the west to the railroad tracks west of Doty Ave. in the east.[12][13]

Eden Green

Named for the housing development of the same name, the Eden Green neighborhood extends from 130th Street in the north to the Calumet River in the south, and from the Canadian National railroad tracks in the west to the Union Pacific tracks in east.[12][13] The housing development, constructed in 1968, was one of the first black-owned and -operated developments. It eventually included over 1000 townhouse and apartment units for low- to moderate-income families.[14]

Golden Gate

Named for Golden Gate Park, a park on S. Eberhart Ave. operated by the Chicago Park District, the Golden Gate neighborhood extends from 130th Street in the north to the Calumet River in the south, and from the Union Pacific railroad tracks in the west to approximately Langley Ave. in the east.[12][13]

Riverdale

The Riverdale neighborhood extends from the Calumet River in the north to 138th Street in the south, and from Indiana Ave. in the west to the Union Pacific railroad tracks in the east.[12][13]

Demographics

According to a 2019 analysis by the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, there were 7,394 people and 2,428 households in Riverdale. The racial makeup of the area was 2.0% White, 93.1% African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.4% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.1% of the population.[15] In 1990, an approximated 63% of households in Riverdale lived in poverty.[14]

Politics

The Riverdale community area is a stronghold for the Democratic Party. In the 2016 presidential election, Riverdale cast 2,140 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 9 votes Donald Trump (98.85% to 0.42%). It was Clinton's best showing in the City of Chicago, which she won with 83.63% of the citywide vote.[16] In the 2012 presidential election, Riverdale cast 2,537 votes for Barack Obama and cast 7 votes for Mitt Romney (99.69% to 0.28%). It was Obama's best showing in the City of Chicago, which he won with 84.01% of the citywide vote.[17]

The Riverdale community area is located in Illinois's 2nd congressional district and is represented by Congresswoman Robin Kelly (D-Matteson).

At the state-level, the majority of the Riverdale community area is located in the 15th Legislative District and 29th House District represented by Senator Emil Jones III (D-Chicago) and Representative Thaddeus Jones (D-Calumet City).[18] The far eastern portion of Riverdale is in the 17th Legislative District and 34th House District represented by Senator Elgie Sims (D-Chicago) and Representative Nicholas Smith (D-Chicago).[19]

At the local level, Riverdale is located in the 9th Ward and is represented on the Chicago City Council by Alderman Anthony Beale who is also the 9th Ward's Democratic Committeeperson.[20][21] As of September 2019, the 9th Ward does not have an elected or appointed Republican Committeeperson.[21]

Transportation

The Chicago Transit Authority provides bus service via the #34 South Michigan bus travels along 131st Street, Ellis Avenue, 133rd Street, and Langley Avenue. PACE Suburban Bus #353 has a stop near the neighborhood at Indiana Avenue and 130th Street. However, as PACE is a suburban service, it runs express through the City of Chicago to the CTA Red Line Station at 95th Street. Residents report using these busses to access this station as a link to the Chicago Loop. The nearest Metra station is the Riverdale station located in the neighboring suburb of Riverdale, Illinois at 137th Street and Illinois Street.[22]

As part of the Red Line extension, the proposed 130th Street terminal would be near the Altgeld Gardens Homes.[23]

Parks and Open Space

Notable parks and open space within the Riverdale community area include Golden Gate Park (CPD), Kensington Marsh (MWRD), Little Calumet Marsh (private), and Beaubien Woods (FPDCC).

Notes
  1. "Community Data Snapshot - Riverdale" (PDF). cmap.illinois.gov. MetroPulse. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  2. Marie Rowlands, 1987, Down an Indian Trail in 1849, Darwell Press, Oak Brook, IL Pg. 81
  3. Weston Goodspeed, 1909, History of Cook County, Vol. 2, Pg. 318, Hammond Press, Chicago, IL
  4. Marie Rowlands, 1987, Down an Indian Trail in 1849, Darwell Press, Oak Brook, IL Pg. 58
  5. Community of Kensington, Janice L. Reiff http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/688.html
  6. Community of Riverdale, Janice L. Reiff http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1077.html
  7. "Neighborhoods' Deadly Feud Hits Critical Point," Rex W. Huppke, Chicago Tribune, November 15, 2009
  8. Groesch, Lisa; Roberts, Sandra, eds. (March 2003). Legislator's Guide to Local Governments in Illinois: Special Districts (PDF) (Report). Springfield, Illinois: Illinois General Assembly. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
  9. https://greatcities.uic.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/GCI-Hardship-Index-Fact-SheetV2.pdf
  10. "Calumet WRP". METROPOLITAN WATER RECLAMATION DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  11. "Journey Through Calumet". The Field Museum. Archived from the original on 17 March 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2016.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  12. "Chicago Neighborhoods as Passed by City Council" (PDF). City of Chicago. 2006. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  13. Bank, William J.P. (December 15, 1993). "Amendment of Title 1 of Municipal Code of Chicago by Addition of New Chapter 14 to Designate Official Names for Chicago Neighborhoods and Community Areas" (PDF). Journal of Proceedings of the Chicago City Council. pp. 44063–44070. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  14. Encyclopaedia Chicago: Riverdale
  15. "Community Demographic Snapshot: Riverdale" (PDF). Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. June 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  16. Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2016). "How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2016 Presidential Election". DNAInfo. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  17. Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2012). "How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2012 Presidential Election". DNAInfo. Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  18. "Illinois House District 29". Illinois State Board of Elections. May 26, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  19. "Illinois House District 34". Illinois State Board of Elections. May 26, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  20. Connolly, Colleen (January 27, 2015). "Get to Know Your Ward: 9th Ward". WMAQ-TV. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  21. Yarborough, Karen A., ed. (August 27, 2019). "Cook County Directory of Elected Officials" (PDF). Cook County Clerk. p. 136. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  22. Rancher-McGrude, Brenda; Manno, Tony, eds. (January 18, 2019). "Riverdale Community Area Multimodal Transportation Plan". Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  23. Stark, Kevin (October 25, 2016). "For Riverdale, Red Line extension may be path to employment". The Chicago Reporter. Chicago, Illinois. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
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