Red-bellied paradise flycatcher

The red-bellied paradise flycatcher (Terpsiphone rufiventer), also known as the black-headed paradise flycatcher, is a medium-sized passerine bird of the family of monarch flycatchers. It is native to intra-tropical forests of Africa. The male bird is about 17 cm (7 in) long and has a black head, a mainly chestnut body, and a tail with streamers nearly twice as long as the body. The colouring is somewhat variable across the bird's range. Both females and juveniles lack the tail streamers and are a duller brown colour. It is closely related to the African paradise flycatcher, and the two can hybridise.

Red-bellied paradise flycatcher

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Monarchidae
Genus: Terpsiphone
Species:
T. rufiventer
Binomial name
Terpsiphone rufiventer
(Swainson, 1837)
Subspecies

See text

Synonyms
  • Muscipeta rufiventer

Taxonomy and systematics

The name "red-bellied paradise flycatcher" is also used as an alternate name for Bedford's paradise flycatcher.

Subspecies

Ten subspecies are recognized:[2]

  • T. r. rufiventer - (Swainson, 1837): Found in Senegal, Gambia and western Guinea
  • T. r. nigriceps - (Hartlaub, 1855): Originally described as a separate species. Found from Sierra Leone and Guinea to Togo and south-western Benin
  • Fagan's paradise-flycatcher (T. r. fagani) - (Bannerman, 1921): Originally described as a separate species. Found in Benin and south-western Nigeria
  • Ashy-tailed paradise-flycatcher (T. r. tricolor) - (Fraser, 1843): Originally described as a separate species. Found on Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)
  • Cameroon ashy-tailed paradise-flycatcher (T. r. neumanni) - Stresemann, 1924: Found from south-eastern Nigeria to northern Angola
  • T. r. schubotzi - (Reichenow, 1911): Originally described as a separate species. Found in south-eastern Cameroon and south-western Central African Republic
  • T. r. mayombe - (Chapin, 1932): Found in Congo and western Democratic Republic of Congo
  • T. r. somereni - Chapin, 1948: Found in western and southern Uganda
  • Uganda black-headed paradise-flycatcher (T. r. emini) - Reichenow, 1893: Originally described as a separate species. Found in south-eastern Uganda, western Kenya and north-western Tanzania
  • Fiery paradise-flycatcher (T. r. ignea) - (Reichenow, 1901): Originally described as a separate species. Found in eastern Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, north-eastern Angola and north-western Zambia

Until 2009, the Annobón paradise flycatcher was classified as a subspecies (T. r. smithii) of the Red-bellied paradise flycatcher.[3]

Description

The adult male of this species is about 17 cm long, but the long tail streamers nearly double the birds length. It has a black head, and the rest of the plumage is chestnut, other than a prominent black wingbar. The female is duller and lacks the tail streamers. Young birds are plain brown.

The males show considerable variation in plumage in some areas. There is a morph of this species in which the male has the chestnut parts of the plumage replaced by white, and some races have black tail streamers.

The red-bellied paradise flycatcher is a noisy bird with a sharp zweet call. It has short legs and sits very upright whilst perched prominently, like a shrike. It is insectivorous, often hunting by flycatching.

The black-bellied African paradise flycatcher, Terpsiphone viridis, is closely related to this species, and hybrids occur with the underparts a mixture of black and red.

Distribution and habitat

The red-bellied paradise flycatcher is a common resident breeder in tropical western Africa south of the Sahara Desert. This species is usually found in thick forests and other well-wooded habitats. Two eggs are laid in a tiny cup nest in a tree.

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References
  1. BirdLife International (2013). "Terpsiphone rufiventer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. "IOC World Bird List 6.3". IOC World Bird List Datasets. doi:10.14344/ioc.ml.6.3.
  3. "Species Version 2 « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
  • Birds of The Gambia by Barlow, Wacher and Disley, ISBN 1-873403-32-1
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