Puran Appu

Weerahannadige Francisco Fernando alias Puran Appu (Sinhala පුරන් අප්පු) is one of the notable personalities in Sri Lanka's history. He was born on 7 November 1812 in the coastal town of Moratuwa. He left Moratuwa at the age of 13 and stayed in Ratnapura with his uncle, who was the first Sinhalese proctor, and moved to the Uva province. In early 1847, he met and married Bandara Menike, the daughter of Gunnepana Arachchi in Kandy. He was captured by the British after the failure of Matale Rebellion along with Gongalegoda Banda and Ven. Kudapola Thera. He was executed by a firing squad on August 8, 1848. His body was buried in Matale.

Veera Puran Appu
Born
Weerahannadige Francisco Fernando (full name: Weera Sanadhdhana Weera Bala Jaysooriya Patabendi Fransisco Fernando)[1]

(1812-11-07)November 7, 1812[2]
Uyana, Moratuwa, Western Province, Kingdom of Kandy[3]
DiedAugust 8, 1848(1848-08-08) (aged 35)[2]
Bogambara grounds, Kandy, Central Province, British Ceylon[3]
Cause of deathExecuted by the British by firing squad
NationalitySri Lankan
Other namesPuran Appu
Francisco Fernando
OccupationPolitical, Economic and Social revolutionary
Known forA leader in the Rebellion of 1848
Home townMoratuwa, Western Province, Sri Lanka
Height5 ft 7 1⁄2 in (171 cm)
Titlekings sword bearer
Spouse(s)Bandaramenike (1847)[4]
ChildrenOne daughter[4]
Parent(s)Kalistoru Fernando (Father)
Madam Helena Nonis (Mother)[1][3]
RelativesMarcellenus Fernando (Uncle)
Gunnepana Arachchi (Father in Law)

The Hero

He rose from among the common people and he dared to challenge the might of British imperialism at its peak of power and glory during the Victorian era.[5] On 28.07.1848 Puran Appu led an attack on Matale. This was successful. However, the other leaders who attacked Kurunegala and Wariyapola failed. Governor Viscount Torrington in a letter to Earl Grey, the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies in London dated October 9, 1849 “I remind you of the last words of Puranappu. He held up his hands and said if there had been half a dozen such men as me to lead, there would not be a white man living in the Kandyan Province. This is true. If there had been such leaders, without doubt for a time we should have lost the country.”[6]

Legacy

Francisco (Veera Puran Appu) attended the Wesleyan school in Moratuwa and was a very mischievous boy. After a fight and thrashing the village headman from Lakshapathiya, he fled from Moratuwa in 1825 at the age of 13.[4] He traveled about the country, mostly the hill country – Haldummulla to Badulla and other places. His uncle, W. Marcellenus Franciscu Fernando, was the first Sinhalese proctor who had a flourishing practice at Ratnapura and in 1840 Francisco stayed with him[7]

It was at this stage of his career that he headed a band of outlaws and initiated a reign of terror against European planters and officials in Uva, much to the delight of the people. His daring exploits against the white men soon made him a legendary hero in the tradition of Robin Hood and Wat Tyler.

He was now convinced of the necessity of driving away the British from the country in order to emancipate the people from the hardships and humiliations they suffered under the foreign yoke.[2]

With this end in view, he conferred with the Sangha of Mahiyangana and Muthiyangana who pledged him their support. This was in 1845. About this time he encountered romance and lost his heart to a highland lass, Bandara Menike of Harispattuwa whom he married in 1847. She bore him a daughter. Francisco was now called Purancisco or Puran Appo. (Puran Appu). He broke into House of Magistrate Dawson of Badulla and was imprisoned and then broke prison. He cursed Major Rodgers who brought a false charge against him and Major Rodgers was struck by lightning in Nuwara Eliya.

The Gazette notification by the Colonial Secretary, Sir James Emerson Tennent on January 1, 1847, offered 10 pounds for his apprehension and described him as follows

“Perangappo originally of Morette, lately of Kandy, trade – unknown, caste – fisher, aged 34 years, height 5ft 71/2 inches, hair – long and black, eyes – light hazel, complexion – light, well looking, make – well made, stout, marks of punishment on the back and 4 vaccination marks.[8]”

James De Alwis writing in 1876 of the events of 1848 in the “Ceylon overland Examiner” states that Puranappu or Veerahennedige Franciscu Fernando was of the Karava caste “in whom a bold and daring disposition was combined with a strong and healthy constitution.”[9]

After three weeks of preparation in the early hours of July 28, 1848, a crowd of eight to ten thousand men under Puranappu's leadership armed with guns, spears and knives set off for Kandy from Dambulla.

The plan was for Puranappu, Gongalagoda Banda and Dingirala to go in three different directions then meet at Katugastota and attack Kandy on Sunday, 30 July.[10]

Puranappu's army first attacked Fort McDowl in Matale. Government buildings and property were ransacked – kachcheries, jails, rest houses and court house records. The coffee stores of Lieutenant General Herbert Maddock, a key adviser to the Government in Kandy was set on fire.[11] Puran Appu was successful in capturing Matale for a while and the people in another demonstration of popular fervor, proclaimed him King of Kandy.[12][13]

His success, however, was short-lived. An ill-trained army, equipped with primitive weapons was no match for the superior arms and organisation of the British Half-way between Matale and Kandy, the Sinhala forces, depleted by desertions and their movements betrayed by traitors, were intercepted by British troops and Puran Appu himself was captured and taken to Kandy. With his capture, the Rebellion fizzled out.

Brought to trial before a Court Martial, he was found guilty of having waged war against H.M. Queen Victoria and condemned to be shot.[14]

On August 8, 1848, on the banks of the Bogambara Wewa, Veera Puran Appu was executed.

In Honour

Weera Puran Appu Vidyalaya, a school in Moratuwa is named after him.[15] A new frog species found from Adam's Peak, was named Pseudophilautus puranappu, by the researchers for his great dedication to protect the country from foreign invasions.[16] A biographical film of Puran Appu was made on 1978, where Ravindra Randeniya acted as Puran Appu.[17]

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See also

References
  1. Perpetual ferment : popular revolts in Sri Lanka in the 18th and 19th centuries, Kumari Jayawardena p.129 (SSA)
  2. http://www.lankalibrary.com/geo/puran_appu.htm
  3. http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/08/11/new20.html
  4. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/veerapa.htm
  5. Matale Rebellion
  6. http://azhar-yanbu.blogspot.com/2006/08/veera-puran-appu.html
  7. http://www.list.lk/weera-puran-appu.htmb#.Uh9mTX9nadY
  8. http://transcurrents.com/tamiliana/archives/351
  9. http://issuu.com/srilankalightinfantry/docs/newwhite_hackle_63
  10. http://print2.dailymirror.lk/news/provincial-news/49189.html
  11. Britain's Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt By Richard Gott
  12. The De Soysa Charitaya, by C. Don Bastian and V. S. M. De Mel, p. 71 (University of California) ASIN B00H1CYGL4
  13. http://www.sundaytimes.lk/120205/FunDay/fut_01.html
  14. http://sumithabooks.com/books_by_category.php?category_code=06200
  15. http://www.intravelin.com/component/content/article/72-destinations/125-museums
  16. http://www.dilmahconservation.org/new-discoveries/pseudophilautus-puranappu/
  17. http://www.films.lk/veera-puran-appu-sinhala-film-1154.html
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